Disaster Safety Research Articles

동화를 통한 상황역할극 중심 안전교육이 유아의 안전지식과 안전문제해결능력에 미치는 영향

This study investigated the effect of situational role playing-centered safety education through fairy tales on children's safety knowledge and safety problem-solving ability.
 The study selected 50 five-year-old children in Y Kindergarten in I Metropolitan City as the study subjects; the children were divided into experimental and control groups of 25 children each. Both groups carried out each assigned program with the same safety topics based on the seven standards for school safety, but the experiment group conducted the safety education program based on situational role playing through fairy tales planned by the researcher, and the control group conducted the annual safety education programs that were planned in kindergarten. Both pre-and post-tests were conducted across two weeks, and the experimental treatment was conducted twice a week for 12 weeks, resulting in a total of 24 sessions. The mean and standard deviation were calculated from the collected data, and covariance analysis was performed to determine the difference between the groups.
 The results of this study showed that first, the experimental group improved significantly compared to the control group in terms of safety knowledge and its sub-factors, such as life safety, traffic safety, violence prevention and personal protection, prevention of drug and cyber addiction, disaster safety, occupational safety, and first aid. Second, the experimental group showed a significant improvement over the control group in terms of the ability to solve safety problems and their sub-factors including playing, complying with traffic safety rules, and emergency response.
 This suggests that it is necessary to make active efforts to provide concrete and practical child safety education activities in order to derive sustainable effectiveness in each area of the seven standards for school safety education in the field of early childhood education by utilizing situational role playing-centered safety education programs through fairy tales.

Assessing Structural and Non-structural Safety and Readiness of Healthcare Centers in Bojnord in Dealing with Functional, Non-structural and Structural Dimensions of Disasters in 1400

Introduction: Natural and man-made disasters will have harmful impacts. Given the important role of healthcare centers in time of crisis, they need to be regularly assessed in terms of structural and non-structural readiness.
 Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted on 22 urban and rural healthcare centers in Bojnord, a city in North Khorasan province, Iran. The relevant forms and checklists were completed through interviews with doctors, experts, and direct observation regarding functional, structural and non-structural documentation. After collecting data and completing the desired forms and checklists, the information obtained in all the centers was generally compared and evaluated.
 Results: Based on the results obtained from comprehensive urban and rural health service centers of Bojnoord Health Center, the level of functional readiness is 52.56, the safety of structural elements is 60%, the safety of non-structural elements is 57.32%, and the total safety is 57.71%. The disaster safety index is also 6 out of 10.
 Conclusion: According to the current research, the readiness of healthcare centers for disasters is far from the desired level. This situation could be due to the lack of an integrated disaster risk management, insufficient budget and knowledge on this issue. In the field of disaster risk management, it is necessary to plan to increase the understanding of disaster risk at the level of officials and society.

재난안전관리 공무원의 직무와 조직 인식 및 스트레스 관리 영향요인에 관한 연구

재난안전관리 분야 공무원은 복잡하고 불확실성이 높은 직무환경에 노출되어있으며, 직무특성으로 인하여 높은 강도의 직무 스트레스를 경함할 가능성이 높다. 재난상황에 직간접적으로 참여하는 임무를 수행하는 재난안전관리 분야 공무원의 역할이 중요하다. 따라서, 이들의 직무 스트레스와 직무만족, 조직몰입 그리고 직무위험이 관리되지 않는다면 정부의 재난안전관리 역량 및 효과성 그리고 재난안전관리 체계에 차질이 발생할 가능성이 높다. 이러한 점을 감안하여 본 연구는 재난안전관리 공무원의 직무요구, 직무압박 그리고 직무만족, 조직몰입 그리고 직무위험에 미치는 영향을 분석하였고, 직무요구, 직무압박과 직무역할이 직무 스트레스 관리활동의 시행과 참여 여부에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과. 직무요구가 증가할수록 직무위험성은 증가하고 있었고 직무압박이 증가할수록 직무만족은 감소하고 있었다. 또한, 직무역할에 대한 인식이 긍정적일수록 직무만족와 조직몰입은 높아지고 있었다. 한편, 직무요구는 스트레스 예방 프로그램, 직무역할은 사전예방 활동 및 스트레스 진단활동의 시행에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 이와 같은 점을 고려할 때, 재난안전관리 공무원의 직무요구, 직무압박, 직무역할에 대한 지속적인 관리가 필요하며, 직무 스트레스를 관리하고 완화할 수 있는 정책과 프로그램에 대한 실효성 제고와 조직구성원의 참여도를 향상시킬 수 있는 대안이 필요하다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다.

A Case Study on Living Labs of the Disaster Safety Sector: Police Lab and Firefighting Living Lab

Recently, Living Labs that are environments for involving users in innovation and development have been introduced and operated in various fields. This study conducted a case analysis of Police Lab and Firefighting Living Lab, representative Living Labs of disaster safety sector. This study examined the stages of Living Labs, such as preparation and exploration of alternatives, implementation, co-creation, evaluation, and dissemination of achievements, establishing an analytic framework centered on the major issues of each stage, including vision, conditions, participants, governors, experiments, management of performance, and sustainability. Thus, this study compared and analyzed Police Lab and Firefighting Living Lab and derived their characteristics and problems to find implications and improvement plans. According to the results of this study, several factors need to be actively considered for the effective operation of Living Labs in the future, including clarifying the roles of participants, enhancing participants' understanding of the Living Labs, reinforcing the role and function of mediators to mediate conflicts between participants such as users and researchers, improving performance indicators and gender management system, and building and operating the Living Lab platform.

Estimation of Disaster Evacuation Shelter Capacity of Hitoyoshi City, Japan

Heavy rains since early July 2020 have caused flooding in the Kyushu area. The Kuma River overflowed due to heavy rain. The river itself located in Kumamoto Prefecture right in the Hitoyoshi city. Disaster shelter is one of the most important requirements for those evacuated in the event of a disaster. It is used to analyze the supply and demand of the shelter based on the distance from the point of application to the disaster evacuation shelter, using the P-median model. As a result, the demand for evacuation shelters in the city of Hitoyoshi is 48%, which indicates that the demand for evacuation centers in case of disaster is about half. In this study, the location-allocation method was used in ArcGis 10.6 to determine the supply-demand ratio for Hitoyoshi. These data are expected to be used to optimize the operation of shelters in the Hitoyoshi area, an area prone to disasters for future urban development. This allows evacuation or disaster safety planners to develop tools for their area during floods and provides a way to predict when an event will occur and when roads will become unsafe for the residents during the future evacuation process. When a natural disaster happens again in the future, the demand and supply of disaster evacuation shelters should be assessed to determine their total capacity.

A Novel Method for Gas Disaster Prevention during the Construction Period in Coal Penetration Tunnels—A Stepwise Prediction of Gas Concentration Based on the LSTM Method

Aiming at the tunnel gas disaster can produce major safety problems such as combustion, explosion, and coal and gas outbursts. Firstly, a time series consisting of the tunnel gas concentration was used as the entry point for the article, and the gas prediction models based on multiple intelligent computational methods were established for comparison to determine the optimal network prediction model. Then, this study proposed a stepwise prediction method which is based on the optimal network prediction model for gas disaster prevention during the construction period of tunnels at the excavation workface. The length of the input step, output step, and interval step were considered by the method to investigate the effect on the predictive performance of the model. The model was extrapolated by the rolling prediction method, and the adaptive grid search method was used to determine the optimal parameter combination of stepwise prediction. Finally, a stepwise prediction of short-term gas concentration trends was achieved for each construction process at the excavation workface. As a result, the best LSTM network prediction model was preferred with an R2 value of 0.94 for the fit and MAE and RMSE values of 3.2% and 4.3%. Results based on stepwise predictions showed that single-step prediction is more accurate than multi-step predictions when a reasonable input step size was determined. Moreover, with the length of both the interval step and the output step, the model prediction accuracy showed a decreasing trend. Generally speaking, the single-step continuous and interval prediction of the gas concentration at the excavation workface can be realized by the gas stepwise prediction method, and the gas concentration value can be obtained at any time in the prediction. It can also realize the transformation from single-step point prediction to multi-step trend prediction, and obtain the accurate prediction of gas concentration change trends in the stepwise prediction range (t+1~t+5). Therefore, the important security guarantee can be provided by stepwise prediction for subsequent gas disaster safety prevention and efficient tunnel production.

Immersive Disaster Training Schema Based on Team Role-Playing

The prevalence of inevitable natural and social disasters is increasing at an alarming rate. With the proliferation of media and Internet technologies, there is a growing awareness of the importance of disaster training. The paper aims to combine the techniques of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) and team-based role-playing to demonstrate a comprehensive disaster training schema to help participants practice safety skills and learn proper decision-making skills in the face of disasters. A VR dome and cylinder combined multidisplay system iwDome was used to immerse participants and provide a view of the overall training; the role of each team was presented through the appropriate Head Mounted Display (HMD) and connected desktop. Rather than just being passive spectators or game players, the participants received puzzles in the virtual scenario that required intra-team and inter-team collaboration to be solved. The scenarios applicable to the system were not restricted to a specific type of disaster, but could be customized, revealing significant application prospects. To test the motivation for improvement, a quality assessment and user experience survey were conducted. The results indicate that participants were more engaged through cooperation in the virtual training environment and could achieve greater learning gains. The correlation of age to user studies was also confirmed. The enhanced enthusiasm of participants for what is relatively standard disaster management demonstrates the promise of using team role-playing-based VR training for vital, but otherwise tedious disaster safety training.

발달장애인의 장애정도가 생활만족도에 미치는 영향: 재난 안전 인식의 매개효과

Based on 2020 “A Survey on the status of people with disabilities” conducted by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, we identified 7025 development people with disabilities and selected 3820 from this sample, which was used in our study. Our findings can be summarized as follows. Firstly, we found statistical differences in the level of developmental disability and disaster safety across gender, age, self-reported income percentiles, and education. Meanwhile, the difference in life satisfaction was only found in age, reported income percentiles, and education. We also found that men and those between the ages of 30 and 40 were more likely to have a positive view of disaster safety. While those that were self-reported to be part of the upper-income percentile have a more positive view of disaster safety. Meanwhile, the level of education was positively correlated with disaster safety. Secondly, we found that the level of developmental disability has a statistically significant association with life satisfaction. That is, a lower level of developmental disability suggested a higher level of life satisfaction. Thus, both the level of developmental disability and disaster safety had a positive association with life satisfaction. We also found that the low level of developmental disability is positively correlated with disaster safety and that disaster safety is positively correlated with life satisfaction. Meanwhile, the relative effect of disaster safety on life satisfaction was higher than that of the level of developmental disability. Thirdly, we found that the level of developmental disability has a direct effect on life satisfaction and that disaster safety mediates its effect on life satisfaction. That is, those that were reported to have high disaster safety tend to have higher life satisfaction. Our findings provided a few implications regarding the disaster safety of persons with a developmental disability.

유아교사의 안전태도 검사도구 개발 및 타당화

The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of confirmed factors and questions through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis on the test tool for early childhood teachers’ safety attitudes and develop a standardized test tool to evaluate their overall capacity of safety attitudes and measure whether their safety habits and attitudes have been formed desirably based on that. To develop the tool, a preliminary plan was devised through literature review and expert surveys. The subjects of the study were 30 and 90 early childhood teachers for primary and secondary tests and secondary and tertiary expert surveys, and 322 early childhood teachers were for exploratory factor analysis. For the final confirmatory analysis, the goodness-of-fit and validity of the final questions were verified with 426 early childhood teachers located in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, Gangwon, and Chungcheong. According to the findings, it was confirmed to be a validated evaluation tool that had passed the test tool’s item response distribution and item discrimination analysis, factor analysis, and construct validity verification including correlation with subfactors. For the test tool developed for early childhood teachers’ safety attitudes, total 5 areas, disaster safety, life safety, traffic safety, child abuse, and first aid, and 22 questions were selected.

Disaster Preparedness and Sensitivity Level among Higher Education Institution Students

Disaster preparedness is an important factor that plays a major role in diminishing the causalities in case of any disasters. In the Philippines, Davao Region also frequently experiences various disasters due to geological, morphological, and climate characteristics. Earthquakes, flooding, and landslides are the premise fields of these disasters. Furthermore, devastating earthquakes and floods that are seen as a result of global climate change shaved to significant loss of both life and property in the region. It is imperative to increase the knowledge and attitude of people regarding natural and man-made disasters in order to make them able to cope with their adverse effects. In this paper, an attempt has been made to access the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of college students in the region. Results revealed the need to highlight the need for disaster safety education among students. Descriptive statistics are used in the analysis and evaluation of the data. By revealing the level of awareness at the higher education level, the result of the study could be a potential basis for disaster mitigation education intervention that includes relevant topics on disaster preparedness and resiliency. Results revealed that an information source repertoire has to be strengthened and reconsidered to meet information insufficiencies and explore more structural factors to address the gap as it is evident in the result that the students who have taken disaster training are reported to have more positive opinions compared to those who have none.

What Philosophy Does the Leader Have Related to Crisis Management?: The Linguistic Characteristics of Presidents' Speech in Korea

Modern society is a risk society characterized by 'uncertainty'. The leaders in a risk society play an important role in maintaining order and safety. The leader's message in a risk situation has a positive effect on actions and motivation to protect citizens and contributes to the minimization of damage. In this study, under recognition of the importance of the leader's role in disaster safety, leaders' messages were investigated. For the purpose, a language-network analysis was performed on the speeches related to disaster and safety of recent Korean four presidents from the 16th to the 19th. The results are as follows: First, Korea's crisis management revealed in the President's speech reflects the situation at that time. Second, the speech contains the Presidents' political philosophy and values. Third, many of the words found in the speeches of the four Presidents show the governments' struggles to induce a higher level of safety behaviors and attitudes of citizens while giving highest priority to the safety of citizens.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Safety Evaluation of Pipeline Disaster in China-Russia Crude Oil Permafrost Region Based on Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process-Entropy Weight Method

Considering the difficulty in evaluating pipeline safety in permafrost region, the pipeline disaster safety evaluation index system in permafrost region is analyzed and established. A comprehensive weight determination method based on improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, entropy weight method and Lagrange algorithm is proposed, and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of permafrost pipeline safety is established. Taking the disaster safety evaluation of pipeline in the China-Russia crude oil permafrost region as an example, the proposed method is used to determine the comprehensive weight of disaster safety index of permafrost pipeline and carry out comprehensive safety evaluation. The rationality of the comprehensive weight determination method is verified by comparing with the performance of the traditional AHP evaluation method.

Social issues analysis of COVID-19 and disaster safety for children : Focusing on YouTube video comments

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 유튜브 동영상 댓글에 나타난 COVID-19와 유아 재난안전에 대한 사회적 이슈를 분석하여 재난안전 정책 수립의 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. 방법: 단어 빈도 분석과 토픽 모델링 기법을 활용하여 유아 및 재난안전 관련 키워드를 중심으로 2020년 1년 동안 유튜브 동영상의 댓글을 수집한 다음 키워드 분석과 주제 분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 키워드 분석에서는 ‘재난안전+유아’의 경우, 감사, 아이, 대한민국, 노래, 우리의 순으로, ‘코로나19+유아’의 경우, 아이, 진짜, 마스크, 검사, 감사의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 토픽 모델링 분석 결과에서 ‘재난안전+유아’의 경우 방역 대응(36.4%), 온라인 수업(31.9%), 의료진 감사(31.8%)의 3개 주제로, ‘코로나19+유아’의 경우 감염 우려(35.8%), 의료진 감사(31.8%), 방역 대응(31.6%)의 3개 주제로 구분되었다. 결론: 유튜브 동영상의 댓글을 분석 대상으로 하여 COVID-19와 유아 재난안전 관련 사회적 이슈를 분석한 본 연구의 결과는 향후 재난 약자인 아동의 권리 존중을 우선시하는 재난안전 정책 수립에 기초자료를 제공할 것이다.

Alleviating Disaster Vulnerability and Improving Resilience of the Elderly

When disasters occur, older people are more at risk than other age groups. This is because physical fitness, hearing, and vision deteriorate due to aging, and physical movement is not easy. Nevertheless, there are insufficient studies on accurate identification of the elderly who have disaster-safety vulnerabilities, and the recognition and behavior of the disaster risks of the elderly. In the age of aging, it is necessary to prepare systematic measures against disaster vulnerability and to promote resilience for the elderly. And it is urgent to implement practical disaster safety policies for the elderly as disaster-vulnerable people. The purpose of this study is to analyze the disaster vulnerability of elderly people and to improve their resilience in the age of aging. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, we examine the current status of the elderly people's disaster vulnerability, including the current status of the elderly and their recognition of disaster safety. This paper suggests: disaster vulnerability management that reflects the disaster vulnerability and desire of the elderly, legal and institutional support for enhancing the resilience of disaster recovery of the elderly, the development, education, and training with disaster-response manuals for the elderly.

Customer satisfaction analysis of a portable disaster response manual developed for the purpose of accurate disaster safety communication

Customer satisfaction analysis of a portable disaster response manual developed for the purpose of accurate disaster safety communication

Development of a Program Model for Improving the SAFETY Problem Solving Thinking Ability of Childhood

Purpose: This study is to design a program model to improve the ability of young children to solve safety problems. Because safety has a dynamic relationship with life psychologically and physically, it not only affects the quality of life of infants but also can be directly connected to life, so the purpose of this study is to develop a method to improve thinking ability to solve problems in safety situations. Method: For this purpose, seven areas of safety related picture books were selected based on the seven standards of school safety: life safety, traffic safety, violence and personal safety, drug cyber addiction safety, disaster safety, occupational safety and first aid. Results: This study is to construct a model system. The model system can convert safety-related picture books into experiences that can occur in the life of young children and repeat the experience of solving problems through musical drama activities Conclusion: The musical drama activities using safety-related picture books proposed in this paper will improve the safety problem solving thinking ability of young children. This is difficult to expect the effect of early childhood safety education when it is conducted with knowledge. The musical drama program model using safety-related picture books has significance in that it experiences problem solving while experiencing the experience with the child s own understanding and reasoning repeatedly based on the safety situation. In conclusion, safety problems are the ability to improve through the experience of solving the children themselves.

해외 사례 분석을 통한 의용소방대 역량강화 방안

Looking at the environment of recent disasters, wide-area disasters that are difficult to respond to by one fire station frequently occur. In disaster management, it is urgent to establish an orderly command system and convert firefighters to national positions for disaster management by the government trusted by the people. Discussions on redefining the role of volunteer fire brigade are active at a time when public opinion is prevailing that a unified command system capable of responding quickly and accurately to disasters should be established by strengthening the firefighting organization, which is the responsibility of the head of a metropolitan government, as a national organization. it is progressing Considering these disaster environments and national firefighting policies, it is necessary to seek ways to strengthen the capacity of volunteer firefighters according to the transition of firefighters to national positions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the operational problems of the volunteer fire brigade, which is limited to auxiliary roles other than fire suppression, and to investigate and consider advanced activities at home and abroad, to establish a practical way to redefine the role as a safety keeper contributing to the improvement of community resilience. I am working on an alternative. In order to redefine the role of the volunteer fire brigade, based on the results of overseas cases and statistical analysis, this study's policy suggestions for organizational operation, financial operation, activity matters, and education and training are as follows. First, it is necessary to convert into various volunteer fire departments that meet regional needs, such as serving as volunteers of private resources for local residents or regional disaster safety managers. Second, when budgeting a volunteer fire brigade, the budget for operation according to the capacity of each volunteer fire brigade must be budgeted so that the expenses necessary for the basic activities of the local volunteer platoon can be executed. Third, dedicated personnel in charge of the volunteer fire brigade are in charge of tasks related to various fire and disaster prevention governance, such as cooperation with private fire organizations or other civic groups, and vitalize volunteer fire brigade activities through communication and cooperation between social groups. do. Fourth, it is necessary to spread safety culture in the local community and induce consensus formation by recruiting experts in each field such as machinery, chemistry, and heavy equipment that are appropriate for the situation by utilizing the regional characteristics of a volunteer fire brigade and differentiated from other organizations. In addition, education and training to strengthen the on-site response capability of existing volunteer firefighters should be strengthened.

Comparison of Disaster Safety Datasets and Service in Korean and Japanese Public Data Portals

The purpose of this study is to obtain implications through comparative analysis of disaster safety datasets and services of representative public data portals in Korea and Japan. Comparative standards were established first. Then, dataset weight analysis of disaster-type and safety-management -stage components, trend analysis through text mining on data-set descriptions, and data quality and portal services analysis were performed. As a result public data sets were lower in Korea both numerically and proportionally than in Japan. Japan had a high proportion of disaster preparation and recovery datasets in terms of disaster safety management, while Korea had a high proportion of prevention data-sets. In addition, in terms of disaster response collaboration, most of Korea has material management and resource support, but Japan has high proportion of emergency recovery and situation management of damaged facilities. In terms of data quality, Japan has many datasets with four levels of Berners-Lee rating. However Korea has a high proportion of datasets with three levels of Beners-Lee rating. However, Korea has a better data format for big-data utilization. Portal services are mainly centered on natural disasters in Japan, but in Korea, they are centered on social disasters. The results of this study provide a reference for the future direction of disaster safety public data portals in Korea.

A Evaluation of Implementation Level of UN SDGs Goal 11 in Korea: Focusing on a Framework Application Based on Relative Efficiency Theory

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation level of urban sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the Republic of Korea and to measure the extent of internal and external impact on implementation. An evaluation framework was established, based on relative efficiency theory, and the implementation level of urban SDGs at the local government unit in the Republic of Korea was examined by analyzing each stage. First, in reference to the 2018 of SDG 11, the implementation level for public transportation (target 11.2) was assessed as excellent across the country, compared with the implementation level for disaster safety (target 11.5), environment (11.6), and public space (11.7), which were all assessed as needing improvement. Second, the factors that positively impact implementation (target 11.2) were urban population, GRDP, financial independence, urbanization areas, and bus-only lanes, whereas the factors positively impacting implementation (target 11.5) were population density and GRDP. The positive factors influencing implementation (target 11.6; air quality sector) were found to be GRDP, financial independence, administrative area, and renewable energy generation, whereas the effective factors for implementation of target 11.6 (waste management) were found to be GRDP, financial independence, and the population density of households in waste management. The positive factors influencing the implementation level of target 11.7 were GRDP, financial independence, administrative area, and green areas.

Improvement Plan of Framework Act on the Management of DISASTERS and Safety for Effective Evacuation Strategies in South Korea

Purpose: Framework act on the management of disasters and safety is the highest law covering disasters and safety in South Korea. Disaster management infrastructure has been expanded through the enactment and revision of the Framework act on the management of disasters and safety. However, there is still a high awareness that disaster management should be led by the administration. In the modern society, where self-help is emphasized above all else in the event of a disaster, it is difficult to expect effective disaster response through administrative initiative alone. This study intends to review measures to improve Framework act on the management of disasters and safety through evacuation that enables the primary victims, the residents, to respond to disasters most effectively. Method: The items such as enhancement of disaster site response capacity and emphasis on the role of local governments in disaster and safety management , which were newly revised in 2015, were reviewed. The problems of the current Disaster Safety Act were reviewed from three perspectives: Incomplete disaster prevention administration in case of a disaster , Various aspects of local residents for evacuation , and Insufficient structure of public-private cooperative system for evacuation . Results: First, it is necessary to recognize the incompleteness of disaster prevention administration during a disaster. Rather than increasing dependence on the administration, improvement should be made with the direction of how the residents can increase their independence and self-reliance. Second, the evacuation order should be improved to be ‘situational information’ that informs residents that they are in a situation that makes them think of evacuation, rather than ‘action directive type’. Third, the Framework act on the management of disasters and safety should stipulate in detail the establishment and reinforcement of public-private cooperation networks that utilize the capabilities of residents. Conclusion: For effective evacuation in the event of a large-scale disaster, the response capacity between various actors in the local community must be quickly aggregated. In addition, through improvement of the Disaster Safety Act in the future, the evacuation plan should start with reestablishing the relationship between the administration and residents. Residents should be aware of their own role for evacuation, and the administration should have a system that can support it as much as possible.