Disaster Evacuation Research Articles

Analysis of the Tsunami Evacuation Route in Kunjir Village and Way Muli Village, South Lampung Regency

This research was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of existing evacuation routes in Kunjir Village and Way Muli Village by calculating the level of safety of the population when evacuating in the event of a tsunami disaster. The data used are direct field observations, topographic maps derived from aerial photo mapping results, existing conditions of evacuation routes, gathering conditions, evacuation direction signs, and data on tsunami wave heights that may occur in the study area. We analyze the tsunami disaster evacuation route using Network Analyst in ArcGIS. Furthermore, the evacuation route is determined which has a road width of more than 2 m so that not all roads in both villages are used as evacuation routes. In determining the evacuation point modeling tsunami inundation is used with a wave height of 4 m. Later the route and direction of the nearest evacuation route will be known to the safe evacuation point. Based on the results of the study, the number of evacuation routes in Way Muli Village amounted to 5 with 4 site points while in Kunjir Village there were 7 with 4 site points that could be used as evacuation sites. The farthest distance from the evacuation route to the evacuation site in Way Muli Village is 441.5 m with a travel time of 4 minutes and for Kunjir Village is 704.3 m with a travel time of 6.38 minutes.

Relevance of disaster awareness factors and evacuation experiment without emergency alarm: fire case study

PurposeThe lack of studies about the relevance of disaster awareness factors and disaster evacuation as a part of disaster responses especially for fire cases in an academic environment in Indonesia has triggered this study to explore the disaster awareness factors and evacuation experiment without emergency alarm for case study students in the classroom. The relevance of disaster awareness factors in transforming into practical action and decision in a disaster evacuation need to be examined to study the relevance of both phases in disaster.Design/methodology/approachThis research conducted a quantitative approach by studying questionnaires from 162 respondents collectively divided into five groups to examine the student disaster awareness factors randomly from those groups. The qualitative approach was implemented through the evacuation experiments that were conducted twice to analyze the disaster evacuation performance. The analysis for the relevance is conducted by comparing the result of the questionnaire study and the evacuation experiment.FindingsAccording to the questionnaire study, generally, the students are highly confident with their hazard knowledge in disaster awareness except that half of them are doubtful about appropriate steps in a disaster. The experiment without explosive sound showed that they have slower responses in the critical moment of evacuation. The response in the experiments showed relevance with several disaster awareness factorsResearch limitations/implicationsThis study has explored the relevance of disaster awareness factors with disaster response in a campus building. In the part of reducing risk during fire disaster, this research shows the importance of social interaction and hazard knowledge during the disaster.Practical implicationsThe improvement of disaster evacuation procedures and training in a campus building is mandatory to reduce disaster risk based on the relevance of disaster awareness factors and disaster response in this study.Originality/valueThis study measures the relevance of disaster awareness factors performance of the students by comparing it to their actions and decisions in an experimental setting of fire building. The disaster awareness factor performance was measured by a questionnaire survey while the experiments were deployed to observe the performance of their actions and decisions during evacuation as part of the disaster response phase.

Analysis of Human Factors and Workloads in Earthquake Disaster Evacuation Simulations Using Virtual Reality Technology

Natural disasters are disasters caused by a series of events caused by nature. An earthquake is an earthquake or event that shakes the earth caused by a collision between the earth’s plates, volcanic activity, or the collapse of rocks in a mining area. In a disaster situation, evacuation of knowledge or procedures is very important to optimize the chances of disaster survivors while trying to save themselves. How many migration efforts have been made, for example through direct simulations, as well as print media facilities such as disaster response books, videos, etc. One technology that can make a scenario as if real is virtual reality (VR). VR can be used as a technology when carrying out disaster evacuation simulations to avoid or reduce risk when conducting live simulations. In this study will calculate the workload when using simulations using the SIM-TLX method with several conditions, cybersickness symptoms felt by participants, usability, and immersive in simulation applications. This research was conducted on participants who are experts in disaster response and amateur participants. the results of this study can be seen that the workload does not affect in all five conditions, about 60.42% of participants experienced headaches due to the use of VR, the SUS score obtained was 68.39 out of 100 and a PQ score of 3.95 out of 5.00 which means above average.

Agent-based model for simulating households’ self-evacuation decision in high-rise buildings under critical infrastructure failures induced by a slow-onset flood conditions – A case study in Paris

Generating well-informed and reliable predictions for disaster evacuation is a large challenge. Crisis and disaster management policymakers have to deal with poor data quality, a limited understanding of households’ behaviour dynamics, and uncertainty regarding the effects of the various actions/measures in place. Agent-based simulation models are frequently used to support decisions when planning disaster evacuation procedures. However, one of the most important aspects of this issue, which is social influence, is not often considered. Most of existing evacuation models largely overlook the importance of the households’ behaviours and social influences, which leads to oversimplified models. Moreover, it is almost impossible to find models in the literature that focus on the extrinsic decision-making factors of some evacuees, such as compromised lifelines, in the case of catastrophic events. In contrast to the existing evacuation models, this paper suggests a probabilistic agent-based model that relies on theloss of different lifelines as factors affecting evacuees’ decision-making in addition to some intrinsic factors that are used to characterise the propensity of households to evacuate and explicitly allow for social contagion as well as uncertainties to be considered. This model, in which all the variables are considered uncertain and Monte Carlo Simulations are run to estimate the confidence range of the predictions, is tailored to estimate the potential number of inhabitants that have not been evacuated in high-rise buildings in the face of critical infrastructure failures induced by a slow-onset flood and/or the actions taken during the related crisis, considering different uncertainties that may affect the reliability of the prediction. The model has been specifically designed to predict the dynamics of households’ self-evacuations in fourteen residential high-rise buildings located in a flood-prone area in Paris. This paper describes the suggested model and also reports the results of an illustrative case study in which three scenarios are simulated to demonstrate the applicability of the model, to test its effectiveness and to explore the uncertainty regarding some modelling assumptions using sensitivity analysis.

재난대피시설 설치의 형평성과 효율성에 대한 GIS 분석: 부산광역시 민방위 대피시설을 중심으로

본 연구의 목적은 재난대피시설의 위치가 주민 접근성 측면에서 공평하게 분포되어 있는지 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 부산광역시의 민방위 대피시설의 공간 분포를 분석함으로써 부산 내 지역 간 재난안전 격차를 분석하고자 하였다. 버퍼분석 결과, 최대 다수가 대피시설 효용을 누리도록 효율성을 위주로 정책을 수립할 경우 사상구 엄궁동, 해운대구 반여동, 부산진구 범천동 등에 우선적으로 대피시설 지원이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 형평성을 고려하였을 때에는 기장군 장안읍, 강서구 대항동･미음동･눌차동･구랑동･천성동･죽동동･식만동･생곡동, 금정구 오륜동에 우선적인 대피시설 지원이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. OD분석 결과 역시 대피소와 거주지역 간의 거리의 편차를 좁힌다는 형평성의 문제와 다수의 인구가 대피시설의 수혜를 받을 수 있어야 한다는 효율성의 문제에서 어떠한 문제에 더 가중을 두느냐에 따라 결과는 달라졌다. 본 연구에서는 단순히 대피시설의 수용가능 범위 뿐 아니라 접근성 격차로 인한 형평성의 문제와 인구의 밀집도에 따른 대피시설의 효율성을 동시에 고려하여 대피시설을 지정함으로써 지방정부의 재난관리 비용을 최소화하고 재난회피 격차를 줄일 수 있는 방안을 논하고 있다.

Why is evacuation so difficult? Sociocultural aspects of landslide disaster in Ponorogo, Indonesia

PurposeSociocultural aspects of populations residing in disaster-prone areas have not often been discussed in disaster evacuation studies. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to describe the sociocultural factors affecting evacuation decision-making.Design/methodology/approachThis was an exploratory research study which used in-depth semi-structured interviews to collect the data. Selection of the informants was also fulfilled via the purposive sampling method with regard to specific criteria. The informants consisted of 20 villagers that had faced a disaster and eight staff members of the Regional Board of Disaster Management of the Republic of Indonesia which is Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD), Ponorogo, who had managed it. The data analysis was ultimately performed through thematic coding.FindingsThe results of the coding analysis revealed that sociocultural aspects were among the primary reasons for evacuation decisions before disasters. In this paper, sociocultural factors shaping evacuation decision behavior could be a result of norms, roles, language, leadership, rules, habits, jobs, perceptions, family engagement, as well as other behaviors demonstrated by individuals and the community.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is not analyzing the role of the social organization or a religious one and also the economic aspect in the evacuation decision-making.Practical implicationsThis paper includes implications for the local government and the BPBD Ponorogo to establish an efficient communication strategy persuading villagers to evacuate. In general, formal policies cannot always be implemented in managing disaster; therefore, visible dedication and solidarity of the members are always needed in order to manage evacuation problems.Originality/valueThis paper meets needs for a study delineating sociocultural factors affecting evacuation decisions before disasters strike. Sociocultural theory could also describe real aspects of culture inherent in the daily lives of populations living in disaster-prone areas.

Dynamic Model for Determining Disaster Evacuation Locations with Game Theory

Disaster management can be grouped into three stages with several activities that can be carried out starting from pre-disaster, during emergency response and post-disaster. In the pre-disaster stage one of which is mitigation, which is a series of efforts to reduce disaster risk, both through physical development and awareness raising and capacity to face the threat of disaster. In mitigation one important factor is about evacuation. Evacuation locations in disaster transportation management are urgently needed for an effective evacuation process. Evacuation location determination is a benchmark in handling evacuation that can minimize the impact of losses from the disaster. To determine the evacuation location dynamically using game theory can solve the problem by providing several alternative locations by showing the dominant factor in the variables in the selection of the evacuation site. Game theory will use pure and mixed strategies to provide the most optimum choice of criteria. With this method will produce a decision support system to determine the optimal evacuation location or safe area in disaster mitigation

Correspondence Between Reliability of Rental Flat Building and Space Needs

Flats for rent need to be designed so that residents move comfortably and can save themselves in times of disaster. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the spaces needed by the occupants by taking into account the reliability of the building-safety and comfort. Some aspects of building reliability are motion comfort and safety. Data was collected by an online questionnaire, which was distributed to residents using non-random sampling. The collected text data was analyzed by content analysis. From the results of the analysis revealed that residents tend to be comfortable moving in rental residential units. Residents need a secondary space that is a shelf and work space. Storage space represents the meaning of storage of small items. Work, study and storage of equipment represent the meaning of workspace needs. Residents need some secondary space in a residential unit that has aspects of motion comfort and security during disaster evacuation. Motion comfort mainly represents a little furniture, has storage space, and doesn't interfere with activities like sitting and watching television. The number of residents felt safe moving when disaster evacuation in vertical housing was almost the same as the number of residents who felt the evacuation route was not ideal. Easy access is achieved, wide circulation room, near the emergency stairs is represented by the meaning of feeling safe moving during a disaster evacuation. There is no special emergency ladder, narrow circulation space, the condition of a damaged staircase at the time of disaster evacuation is represented by meaning not ideal. This study found a significant relationship between the reasons for motion comfort and the presence of space requirements. There is no significant relationship between disaster evacuation security and secondary space requirements.

Experimental Framework to Simulate Rescue Operations after a Natural Disaster

Computational simulation is a powerful tool for performance evaluation of computational systems. It is useful to make capacity planning of data center clusters, to obtain profiling reports of software applications and to detect bottlenecks. It has been used in different research areas like large scale Web search engines, natural disaster evacuations, computational biology, human behavior and tendency, among many others. However, properly tuning the parameters of the simulators, defining the scenarios to be simulated and collecting the data traces is not an easy task. It is an incremental process which requires constantly comparing the estimated metrics and the flow of simulated actions against real data. In this work, we present an experimental framework designed for the development of large scale simulations of two applications used upon the occurrence of a natural disaster strikes. The first one is a social application aimed to register volunteers and manage emergency campaigns and tasks. The second one is a benchmark application a data repository named MongoDB. The applications are deployed in a distributed platform which combines different technologies like a Proxy, a Containers Orchestrator, Containers and a NoSQL Database. We simulate both applications and the architecture platform. We validate our simulators using real traces collected during simulacrums of emergency situations.

Progressive disaster evacuation in cloud datacenter network

SummaryIn cloud datacenter network, deadline‐aware disaster evacuation transfers the endangered data out of disaster zone using limited residual network resources. Previous work has not jointly considered the selection of safe datacenter and reasonable allocation of bandwidth proportion in time‐varying postdisaster network environment. Therefore, they cannot make full use of network transmission capability. Based on our earlier work, we propose a new time‐varying disaster evacuation strategy with flexible traffic scheduling. We aim to maximize disaster evacuation capability in the disaster spread scenario. We construct a new disaster‐aware time‐expanded network model to divide time slots according to progressive disaster spread, and optimize the utilization of evacuation capability in the current disaster stage. In each time slot, we carry out two‐step optimization including safe datacenter selection and proportional bandwidth allocation. Especially, we select store‐and‐forward node to ensure the safety of evacuated data in the next time slot, and use marked evacuation routing search based on transmission requirement to improve the utilization of evacuation capability. Through extensive simulations we demonstrate that our strategy achieves better performance with higher evacuation transmission efficiency in the disaster spread scenario.

23] 新型コロナウイルス感染症下での"災害時避難"に関する情報の収集・整理・発信：情報を「集める」から情報が「集まる」に向けての成果と課題

23] 新型コロナウイルス感染症下での"災害時避難"に関する情報の収集・整理・発信：情報を「集める」から情報が「集まる」に向けての成果と課題

Consideration of Evacuation Drills Utilizing the Capabilities of People with Special Needs

People with special needs are at higher risk during a disaster than those without because of delayed disaster evacuation behaviors. Therefore, one of the top priorities in the field of disaster risk reduction is implementing evacuation support for the people with special needs. However, assistance is often limited, especially in areas with declining and aging populations. In addition, past evacuation activities for people with special needs have tended to focus on the barriers they face and assistance they need during evacuation rather than their utilizable capabilities. Therefore, this study considers evacuation drills that utilize the capabilities of people with special needs. An “indoor evacuation drill” was developed and the evacuation behaviors of residents with special needs were analyzed. An indoor evacuation drill is defined as an evacuation activity that participants carry out within their own homes – for example, evacuating from the bedroom to an exit. In coastal areas, such a drill helps residents prepare to evacuate their homes in case of a tsunami, while in mountainous regions, it helps them prepare for evacuation to the upper floors in case of a landslide. The study participants were residents of Hamamachi ward (a coastal area) and Kumai ward (a mountainous area) in Kuroshio town, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. The results indicate that an indoor evacuation drill conducted in the participants’ living area, such as the entrance or second floor of their home, is easier to implement than usual disaster evacuation drills, and helps people with special needs regain autonomy in disaster risk reduction activities. Moreover, the participation rate of the target population in local evacuation drills increased after participating in the indoor evacuation drills. Existing evacuation drills often overlook people with special needs, and delays in disaster prevention for this population are often associated with their lack of interest in related activities. However, the results of this study suggest that disaster prevention activities themselves sometimes overlook the challenges faced by people with special needs and prevent them from participating.

재난 발생 시 시설물 경영관리를 위한 재난안전 평가지침 및 스마트기술을 활용한 대피유도기술 개발에 관한 연구

재난 발생 시 시설물 경영관리를 위한 재난안전 평가지침 및 스마트기술을 활용한 대피유도기술 개발에 관한 연구

Location Based Service for improving Chabot Disaster Management Evacuator Palu

The devastating earthquake that struck Palu on the island of Sulawesi last September ripped through the Earth's crust at a rare high speed, scientists have found. When the disaster is over, many natural disaster victims need immediate help. The call center provided is usually busy with services and complaints from victims of natural disasters. The greater the impact of natural disasters, the more information services that must be carried out. By using CEPAT chatbot for disaster evacuation in Palu, information about evacuation place can be given to victim by access it. Then when the victim shares their location, CEPAT will give the nearest evacuation place information using LBS improvement Chabot.

Social Capital Encourages Disaster Evacuation: Evidence from a Cyclone in Bangladesh

An essential responsibility of a government is to reduce disaster mortality of citizens by encouraging prompt evacuation. Previous studies document that social capital plays a multifaceted role in facilitating or aggravating evacuation decisions; however, rigorous empirical evidence from developing countries is scarce. Using unique survey data collected from cyclone-affected households in Bangladesh, we examine the association between social capital and the decision to evacuate. We find that those with higher bonding social capital are more likely to evacuate, and the effect is even larger among religious minorities. By conducting a sensitivity test, we confirm that it is implausible to explain these results by unobserved socio-economic status or cyclone damage. We also disentangle five potential mechanisms for the positive effect and demonstrate that it is mainly driven by a reduction in the perceived risk of theft during evacuation. This suggests that bonding social capital compensates for the lack of a well-functioning law enforcement system, contributing to our understanding of the interactive roles of communities and institutions during natural disaster.

Fog-Cloud centric IoT-based cyber physical framework for panic oriented disaster evacuation in smart cities

During disasters, individuals witness various dreadful scenes and situations. These scenes and situations generate a sense of panic and cause panic attacks to individuals. Panic attacks cause various disorders like Panic Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Anxiety Disorder, etc. On the other side, smart cities are becoming the mainstay for urbanization. Hence, the increasing incidents of disruptions due to disasters require the smart cities to adopt emergency response and resilience as the most critical dimension for its design so that the disaster-related risks can be prevented and controlled. This dimension of smart city design helps in minimizing the disruption, human, and socio-economic loss through Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and called smart disaster management. In this paper, a Fog-Cloud centric Internet of Things (IoT)-based cyber physical framework is proposed, which prioritizes the evacuation of the panicked stranded individuals and provides timely medical support. The physical subsystem of the framework acquires data from stranded individuals and disaster-affected environment and provides various information services to the respective stakeholders (evacuation personnel and stranded individuals). Whereas, the cyber subsystem of the proposed framework, initially at the Fog layer classifies the Panic Health Status (PHS) of the stranded individuals in real-time based on the acquired health data and analyzes the novelty of the data for avoiding unnecessary data traffic to Cloud. After PHS diagnosis, the cyber subsystem uses Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) to monitor the panic health sensitivity of the stranded panicked individuals using disaster-related health and environmental data, at the Cloud layer. This subsystem also builds the evacuation map using acquired disaster-related environmental data at the Cloud layer. Based on the evacuation map and monitored panic health sensitivity of the individuals, the subsystem prepares evacuation strategy, which prioritizes the evacuation of the stranded individuals. The vital points of this proposed framework are the immediate panic-related diagnostic and curative alert generation to the mobile devices of the stranded individuals from the Fog layer, and the preparation of the evacuation strategy based on the evacuation map and panic health sensitivity monitoring of the stranded individuals, at the Cloud layer. The experimental evaluation of the proposed framework depicts the classification efficiency of Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classifying the PHS of the stranded individuals in real-time, and efficiency of Data Novelty Analysis (DNA) for avoiding unnecessary data traffic, at the Fog layer. The experimental evaluation also acknowledges the efficiency of evacuation map building using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and panic health sensitivity monitoring using BBN at the Cloud layer.

Analysis of the tsunami disaster evacuation lane in Palu based on satellite imagery

Palu is one of the areas which frequently occurs earthquakes and has high seismicity which causes frequent earthquakes. This area has caused earthquakes and tsunamis which through the largest fatalities. The total number of 1,636 people who don’t have knowledge and information about safety areas or compilation of safe nodes evacuation lane for disasters. The purpose of this study was for analyze the location of safe nodes evacuation lane points from floods and tsunamis in Palu City. The analytical method in this study was used inaSAFE analysis with the open-source QGIS assistance program and complies with 7 indicators from safe nodes evacuation lane requirements. The location of this research was in Palu Central of Sulawesi, specifically a road around the coast and near the river that crosses the city of Palu. In this research, the results obtained 5 points that have planned based on EMBT indicators between 2 mosques, 1 field and 2 schools at level 5 of sea-level rise. The increased of sea-level at level 10 resulted in 36 points around 15 mosques, 6 fields, and 15 schools, then the rising sea level at level 15 there is 59 gathering points of 21 mosques, 10 fields, and 28 schools. For the evacuation lane it already mapping based on evacuation lane analysis, which average of two lane per node.

Disaster evacuation intentions of persons with mental health problems receiving employment support in Japan

Disaster evacuation intentions of persons with mental health problems receiving employment support in Japan

Agent-based Modeling and Simulation for Evacuation of Landslides Natural Disaster

Landslides are natural disasters that pose a threat which is quite high in the area of Batu, East Java, Indonesia. The occurrence of landslides has a negative impact on environmental damage and even fatalities. These impacts can arise due to a lack of planning in disaster management preparedness. Therefore better planning is needed to minimize the negative impacts that arise. Improvement of planning can be done by conducting evacuation simulations. However, the existing evacuation simulation is still static with one scenario that is done repeatedly. Therefore, a more dynamic evacuation simulation is needed to represent the various parties involved in it and to apply various scenarios. Such dynamic simulations can be facilitated using agent technology. Agents can describe autonomous behaviour and can communicate in their environment to achieve a goal. Apply the capabilities of these agents by modelling and simulating the evacuation process can provide an illustration for a more dynamic process of landslide evacuation. This research presents an agent-based landslide evacuation model and the simulation results from this model. The results are concerned that, by using agent technology can apply simulations with various conditions. So with these results can be used as a reference in the handling of natural disasters that occur landslides.

Effectiveness of Gamification for Flood Emergency Planning in the Disaster Risk Reduction Area

Natural disasters are something that is not easy to predict, and one of them is a flood. It is found that the frequency of floods that have occurred in Indonesia is 505 times the total of 1824 natural disasters. Disaster risk reduction is the concept of how people minimise accidents and victims affected by disasters. One example of disaster risk reduction is to provide knowledge to the public about disaster evacuation and prevention before an emergency occurs. The objective of this study is to utilise gamification to increase user effectiveness. The method of gamification is the science used to learn, along with the increasing interest in learning. Gamification is applicable in several fields; one of them is crisis management and emergency training. The gamification is applied by utilising mechanical games, dynamic games, and gamification elements. The results showed that gamification could increase the effectiveness in terms of time by 89.77% of information and education about disaster risk and disaster preparedness to the public. This re-search was conducted at the disaster preparedness participant school with 65 participants, along with 21 communities affected by the flood disaster. Based evaluations on aspects of usefulness (UU), Ease of use (EU), Ease of learning (UL), and satisfaction (US) aspects of usefulness have the highest value because with the application the participant feels helped and can learn the dangers of disaster and preparation for disaster.