Directive Utterances Research Articles

An Analysis Of Politeness Strategies In Directive Speech Act Used By Main Characters In Green Book Movie

This research aims at examining the types of directive speech act in the Green Book movie, and politeness strategies employed by the main characters. The purpose of this research is to find out the type of directive speech act used by main characters and what the types of politeness strategies used in directive speech acts as function in Green Book movie. The data were directive utterance that uttered by Tony Vallelonga and Dr. Donald Shirley and the source of the main data in this study was Green Book movie and its script. This research belonged to a descriptive-qualitative method. The results of the study show that there were five kinds of directive speech act and four types of politeness strategies. The amount totals of data are 163. In directive speech act, there are 39 data of commanding, 36 data of requesting, 56 data of questioning, 24 data of suggesting, and 8 data of forbidding. While in politeness strategies, they applied bald-on record 77 data, positive politeness 71 data, negative politeness 13 data and bald-off record 2 data. Directive speech act in the form questioning is commonly used by main character and bald on record is the mostly used in politeness strategy which is a strategy where the utterances are uttered clearly and concisely.

MATIC IMPLICATIONS OF SUNDANESE PUPUH SONG IN BUILDING MORAL VALUES TOWARD ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

The title above has explained the purpose of this study, which is observing Matic's implication of children's moral values acquisition from learning activities to sing Pupuh Sunda Song in Elementary Schools – West Java. The methodology used is ethno-pedagogic because the extent of data collection and exploration were conducted toward the concept containing values that existed and lived amid the society within the context of ethnic tradition, that is, as far as signs and meanings are stored and expressed in vocal art expressions in the form of Pupuh Sunda song acted as a medium is message education praxis. Therefore, the phenomenology approach was carried out to observe a series of phenomena that can be analyzed during the concept values repeated into the performer's subconscious, the song, movements, and expressions in shared or personal situations. The stressing keyword point in this study is the repetition that can be assumed as a mechanical act on every subject learn to sing moral message content sung. The mechanical process activities result by repeating song memorization, expressing moral values inside the song. Qualitatively, it can be described as an automatic implication that has the potential and function as a fostering for the concept of value in building the expected character. Such as the direct utterance stored in the song containing the invitation and teaching always to be cheerful, accept everything with generosity, care to all being (compassionate), diligent in studying and fond of working, respecting the parents and teachers, love to the homeland and defending the state and nations, which becomes the focus of study.

Model Pertuturan Anak Down Syndrome SMA Luar Biasa Dian Grahita Jakarta: Kajian Pragmatik

This study aimed to identify and describe the speech model for children with down syndrome in Dian Grahita Special High School Jakarta with a pragmatic study. This research is qualitative. The subjects in this study were Dian Grahita Special High School students in Central Jakarta. The results of the research include: (a) representative speech by stating, agreeing, mentioning, showing, admitting, reporting; (b) commissive speech to agree, threatening: (c) directive speech ordering, inviting, warning, requesting, ordering; (d) expressive speech to criticize, apologize, complaining, thanking; and (e) declarative speech to prohibit. According to Searle, this study found 55 groups of speech acts with 87 variants of speech acts from the five major groups of speech acts. The percentage of speech acts data for children with Down syndrome is as follows. Representative utterances are 54 utterances or equivalent to 62%, commissive utterances are 4 utterances or equivalent to 5%, directive utterances are 21 utterances or equivalent to 24%, expressive utterances are 7 utterances or equivalent to 8%, and declarative utterances are 1 utterance or the equivalent of 1%. Students understand the communication conveyed by the teacher in classroom learning even though they express it only with short answers, including lingual markers, yes, no, okay, sorry, beware, already, not yet.

Functional Variation of the Imperative in Discourse: Prosodic Evidence of “Hybridization”

The cognitive-discursive approach used in experimental research helps to reveal specific behavior of language units which is conditioned by particular characteristics of the immediate communicative situation. The cognitive aspect of this approach describes how the human mind works to adapt speech production processes to ever-changing conditions of communicative activity, which results in changes of the functions of language units used in these processes. Since, either in oral or written forms, texts are the material result of this activity, acoustic analysis helps to evaluate the character of modifications of sound sequences as well as to define their intonation structure that facilitates the performance of utterances in discourse. Corpus analysis helps to evaluate pragmatic factors that maintain speech production processes and to describe their influence in the usage of language units. The relevance of the research lies in the need to have a better understanding and a more thorough description of the behavior of intonation language units in discourse as well as its correlation to the cognitive processes in speech production. With this goal in mind, the author applies the cognitive-discursive approach to experimental phonetic research of intonation in discourse. The paper presents the results of examining the process of “hybridization” of direct imperative utterances, identifying types of such “hybridization,” and looking at conditions of speakers’ activity which accompany this “hybridization.” Using the methodology of experimental discourse analysis, the author shows how functional variability of this particular language unit in specific discourse environments can lead to significant changes in the intentional meaning of the unit, i. e., to imperative utterances acting as interjections. In specific discourse environments, accompanied by marked emphasis in the semantic structure of the utterances and constrained by psycho-physiological thresholds and limitations of information processing mechanisms, speech production processes form a “hybrid” which combines characteristics of both a direct imperative and an interjection. This “hybridization” can be complete or partial. The “hybrid” maintains the illocutionary force of an imperative utterance due to its formulaic syntactic structure and intonation, characterized by less variation than that of an interjection, and the intonation of such units complies with the codified intonation standard of the English language. At the same time, its acoustic features correspond to the acoustic features of 1st and 2nd type interjections: “hybrids” that correspond to 1st type interjections consist of rare sounds and sound sequences, while “hybrids” that correspond to 2nd type interjections retain their sound structure completely or partially.

Characteristics of Language Behavior and Speech Activity in Children with Autistic Disorders: Theoretical Aspect

Speech development of a child with autism does not always take place at the appropriate age and does not always obey the laws of development of speech functions. According to the analysis of literature sources, the direct study of speech activity of children with autistic disorders requires a more detailed study. According to our predictions, a child with autistic disorders of older preschool age due to the peculiarities of communicative and behavioral spheres will show a low level of speech activity, which can be explained directly by the specificity of speech development along with limited language experience and insufficient knowledge of language and its use in communication. Language behavior consists of two complementary and interrelated processes: psychological formation (generation) of speech utterance and perception of the expanded speech of the interlocutor. The model of speech utterance generation includes five consecutive, interconnected stages (phases) identified by O.O. Leontiev (1967): the motive of utterance; the idea of expression; internal programming; lexical and grammatical development of the utterance; implementation of speech expression in external speech. Speech activity is one of the many forms of general activity, a reflection of the needs that arise in accordance with specific communication situations, a prerequisite and an important component of language behavior. The term "speech activity" is considered by us in the sense of the presence of a motive for speech utterance and direct speech utterance, which may occur as a reaction-response to the interlocutor's remark or as a desire to inform the interlocutor of their own thoughts, experiences, emotions, needs.

Register features in Kalevala-metric incantations

Genres and registers of Kalevala-metric poetry have customarily been treated as correlating concepts. The paper examines a category of Kalevala-metric Origin of Fire incantations as a text-type which includes multiple linguistic registers functioning inside the genre. These registers are reflexive formations, potentially established as social situations when addressing supernatural agents. The analysis of directive utterances in the data reveals that addressing of agents varies according to the addressee. An examination of moderative particles and justification of performer's actions results in a view of register-emblematic means of addressing different agents. Register-based approach provides a way to critically re-asses the relationship of genre and register in Kalevala-metric poetry.

AL-TSUNAIYYAH AL- TSAQAFIYYAH LADAY MUHADIRI AL-LUGAH AL-‘ARABIYYAH FI AL-JAMI‘AT AL-ISLAMIYYAH AL-HUKUMIYYAH FI JAWA AL-SYARQIYYAH

This paper attempted to investigate the trends or cultural attitudes of Arabic lecturers of East Java’s State Islamic Universities (PTAIN) in using Arabic. To this end, the present study used a quantitative approach The results show that the directive utterances used by Arabic language lecturers at East Java’s PTAIN tend to take the form of direct speech acts through certain language politeness features. Besides, the hierarchy of the directive politeness speech in Arabic and Indonesian shared a similar degree of illocution. However, there is no significant difference between the hierarchy of directive politeness speech in Arabic, Indonesian, and Javanese perceived by the Arabic language teachers based on the Chi-square statistics test with α = 0.05. Consequently, they tend to use non-Arabic socio-cultural norms in expressing various directive utterances in Arabic.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Politeness Strategies of Directive Expression Reflected in ‘Inglorious Basterds’ Movie

This research studies about politeness strategies and translation technique in Inglorious Basterds movie and its Indonesian translation. The purposes of the research are to know the kinds of politeness strategies which is used by the main characters in directive utterance and how does the translator translate the politeness strategies of directive act into subtitle. The data of this research are Inglorious Basterds movie and its Indonesian translation. This research is done by descriptive qualitative method, and focus on a single case. The research findings show that there were 4 types of politeness strategies and 12 translation techniques in 168 data. Based on the frequencies, the strategies applied in the data are Bald on Record 86 times (43%), Positive Politeness 57 times (29%), Negative Politeness 33 times (17%), and Off Record 22 times (11%).

SPEECH ACTS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS OF ENGLISH AT LP3I CILEGON

The aim of this research was to find out the kinds, forms, and taxonomies of speech acts occurred in the English teaching and learning process at LP3I Cilegon. This research was qualitative research with content analysis design. The data of this research were the English utterances performed by the English lecturer and students of LP3I Cilegon. The data were classified according to Austin theory of speech acts which was developed by Kreidler. The results showed that there were two kinds of speech acts occurred, illocutionary and perlocutionary acts with the total of 1120 utterances. There were two forms of speech acts,namely direct speech and indirect speech acts. There were seven taxonomies of speech acts,i.e illocutionary assertive utterance (31%), illocutionary performative utterance (0,75%),illocutionary verdictive utterance (8%), illocutionary expressive utterance (1,25%),illocutionary directive utterance (36%), perlocutionary directive utterance (3%),illocutionary commisive utterance (7,5%) and illocutionary phatic utterance (12,5%). The most dominant speech acts used was direct illocutionary directive utterance while the fewest was indirect illocutionary performative utterance. In conclusion, the used of directive speech acts made implication towards the improvement of the students’ communicative skills because many lecturer’s instructions increased the students to more active speaking and critical thinking

THE VERB POUVOIR IN FRENCH DIRECTIVES

The article will analyse semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the verb pouvoir in French directive utterances, basing on the analysis of occurrences withdrawn from five different sub-corpora. This is to know how language skills are mobilized by French native speakers to satisfy the linguistic and social normative expectations in different situations. The study will use descriptive and statistical methods to clarify the grammatical and pragmatic characteristics of pouvoir as well as the trends of use in social situations in which speakers are involved.

Speech Act Use in Parenting Style toward Children Self-Esteem in Bad Moms Movie

The parents become one of the crucial factors in determining children’s character. Their character is influenced by the people around them who have frequently made interaction. Based on Bad Moms movie, the changes of parent’s treatment to their children give an effect in several aspects. The technique of collecting the data is watching and examining the movie which relates to language use in parenting style towards children’s self-esteem. The technique of data analysis was done using descriptive method speech acts theory by Kreidler (1998), parenting style theory by Baumrind (1967) and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in Shintya (2013). Based on Bad Moms movie, the use of directive utterances in the authoritative parenting style support the hearer to do something, by doing something, the children become independent. The use of directive utterances helps the hearer to reduce miscommunication and improve the effective communication.

‘Epistemic Virtues’ in Prophets’ Directives : A Dialogic Analysis

This paper is mainly dedicated to finding out the ‘epistemic virtues’ that are found in the ‘epistemic stances’ in some dialogues of some Prophets (Noah, Salih, and Shu’aib) with their people in Surah number seven in the Holy Qur’an, i.e., Al-A’raaf. The crucial focus is on their directive acts which, by and large, challenge the addressees’ ‘epistemic statuses’. Therefore, a dialogic analysis approach is adopted in order to mark these ‘epistemic stances’ which are basic constituents in the discourse of Prophets. Results assert the constancy and affirmation of ‘epistemic stances’ in Prophets’ virtuous directive utterances which are challenged by their unknowledgeable people’s responsive rejections.

ON PRAGMATIC IMPLICATURE: POLITICAL LANGUAGES IN 2018 ELECTIONS IN ACEH

Indonesian politics in the reform era provided a broad space for anyone to participate in competing for the executive and legislative seats. This impacts on how candidates or partners are able to sell themselves to the community in order to get positive sentiment in the eyes of the community. One way politicians make votes is how they use language as a function of communication to boost popularity and electability. To conduct political communication, politicians generally use advertising media, especially outdoor promotional media to propagate people. From the author's observation, the language used in the outdoor promotion media, almost all regional election 2018 candidates in Aceh (Pidie Jaya, South Aceh, and Subulussalam) used language in the realm of pragmatic studies. Text in outdoor advertising media tends to use the meaning of implicature. Speech acts in outdoor advertising in the Pidie Jaya area are dominated by assertive/collaborative illocutionary utterances. There were 5 assertions of assertive illocutionary speech, 3 directive illocutionary speech acts, and one outdoor advertisement containing a mixture of assertive ilocution and direct illocutionary. In the South Aceh area 9 assertive ilocutionary utterances were found, and direct illocutionary speech acts were used for 5 utterances. Whereas in the Subulussalam area there are 5 utterances in assertive/collaborative illocutionary and directive utterances. A good understanding of implicature is learning for us in capturing the meaning of speech messages or speech acts of candidates for regional elections, which in the end are able to make smart political choices from the speeches and discourses of politicians that we consider relevant to the situation, of course also from track record support candidate so far. In the end we are not trapped like the statement delivered by Charles de Gaulle, President of the French Republic "Politicians never believe in their own words, they are actually surprised when people believe it". And the chosen one "Truly the best of men for thee to employ is the (man) who is strong and trustworthy." (QS. Al-Qashas: 26).

Indonesian Translation Acceptability of Directive Utterances in Harry Potter Novel and the Application in Translation Teaching

This article aims at describing the translation acceptability of directive utterances found in Harry Potter novel and its translation in Indonesian and classifying the steps of translation teaching. The data of this descriptive qualitative research were directive utterances found in Harry Potter novel and its Indonesian translation. The data were collected by using content analysis and analyzed using Larson’s and Nababan’s theory of translation acceptability. The first finding shows that directive utterances translation can be divided into acceptable, less acceptable and unacceptable translation. Secondly, the first finding can be used to convey the 10 basic steps of translation teaching. The steps are (1) the lecturer explained translation concept and gave examples found in this research related to accuracy, acceptability and readability; (2) students were asked to practice translating an English paragraph into Indonesian individually; (3) the translation results were discussed with their friends in pairs related to structure shift and message accuracy; (4) the discussion proceeded to determine the translation acceptability; (5) clarify readability; (6) the results were presented in a group of four; (7) the lecturer explained some cases faced by the students; (8) three chosen groups presented their works in class discussion; (9) students put forward their ideas; and (10) the lecturer and students drawn some conclusions. The translation teaching process can be done using other techniques based on the materials and students’ characters.
 
 Keywords: translation teaching, directive utterance, acceptability

Realisasi Bentuk Tindak Tutur Direktif Guru Bahasa Indonesia dalam Proses Pembelajaran

The purpose of this study was to determine the form of directive speech acts of Indonesian language teachers in the learning process. In this study primary data were collected directly by the researcher in the form of utterances and their context in the Indonesian language learning process that contained directive speech acts. There are three stages in this research, namely the provision of data, data analysis and presentation of data analysis results. The results of the study, in its realization, the use of utterances are still classified as directive utterances even though they are delivered using different modes and are not in accordance with what is said, namely the imperative, declarative, and interrogative modes. The use of command speech is a form of directive speech that is predominantly used by instructors during learning. In conclusion, the directive speech acts of teachers in the Indonesian learning process generally have varied forms, speech containing directive speech tends to be found when the teacher explains the material, and when the teacher gives an assignment.
 Keywords: Speech Acts, Directive, Indonesian Language Learning

Research on Communication Ethnography in Toba Batak Communities in Samosir District, North Sumatera Province Regarding Analysis Speech Act in Death Saurmatua Ceremony

This study aims to determine the type of speech acts used in the death ceremony saurmatua Toba Batak customs and interpret the cultural values in it. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques carried out using literature study, observation and interviews. Data analysis techniques are preparing the object of study, identifying and translating data into Indonesian, observing words or sentences, classifying data, and then making conclusions. The results were obtained as many as 41 types of illocutionary speech acts data, which includes the types of: directive utterances (speech requests, orders, invite, force, suggest, push, order, collect, order, order, request, challenge, give an order) of 21 data (51.22%), representative speech (speech demands, acknowledges, shows, reports, gives testimony, mentions, speculates) of 16 data (39.02%), and expressive speech (speech thanks, complains, congratulates, flatters, praises, blames, and criticizes) of 4 data (9.76%). Speech acts in the Batak Toba Saurmatua Death Ceremony are dominated by directive speech acts. Keywords: Speech Analysis, Saurmatua, and Pragmatics. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-32-07 Publication date: November 30 th 2019

A Pragmatic Study of Person Deixis in A.S.A.Harrison’s “The Silent Wife”

The study deals with a pragmatic study of person deixis in A.S.A. Harrison’s novel The Silent Wife. The purpose of this study is to present the frequency and the percentage of person deixis and the forms of person deixis in A.S.A. Harrison’s novel The Silent Wife and to determine the most prominent form of person deixis used in this novel. Also, to find out all the linguistic forms that function as person deixis. The source of the data is the direct utterances of the participants in the `English novel The Silent Wife written by A.S.A. Harrison in 2013.
 The novel is analysed by adapting Yan Huang’s theory (2014). The method of this research is a “mixed method” of Qualitative and Quantitative method. It is hypothesized that person pronouns are the most dominant forms of person deixis.It is concluded that first person singular pronouns are probably the most frequent words in the novel.

Teachers and Students' Illocutionary Act in Bahasa Indonesia Subject

<p><em>This research describes the students' and teachers' illocutionary act in learning Indonesian at state senior high school number 1 of Payakumbuh. The object of the research was the students and teachers at SMAN 1 of Payakumbuh for Bahasa Indonesia subject. The research applied qualitative descriptive method in collecting and analyzing the data. The research shows that the illocutionary acts of students' of 11<sup>th</sup> grade and teacher's for Bahasa Indonesia subject acquired 61 speech acts, which are (1) 18 assertive, (2) 2 explanatory assertive, (3) 2 reporting assertive speech, (4) 21 directive utterance commanded which is consisted of 17 teacher’s utterances and 4 student’s utterances, (5) 4 directive requests begging, (6) 3 directive of advice, (7)) 2 directive reminding, (8 ) 2 directive asked for something (9) 6 accused expressive. (10) 4 expressive complained, and (11) 1 commissive promissing. In conclusion, most of illocutionary acts used towards teacher and the students at 11<sup>th</sup> grade for Bahasa Indonesia subject in SMAN 1 Payakumbuh was directive speech act. The rarely used speech act was commissive.</em><em></em></p>

Speech Acts and Principles of Daily in Dental Post Advertisements on Youtube Period (2015-2018)

Every utterance that is uttered has a certain purpose and meaning. Thus, an effort is needed to interpret the utterance which is called speech acts. The aims of this research is to explain (1) types of speech acts (2) categories of illocutionary acts, and (3) politeness principles contained in the utterance on toothpaste advertisements on youtube period (2015-2018). The data in this research were taken from toothpaste advertisements that have been shown on television channels. The data collected are in the form of image footage and utterances contained in the advertisement. The results of the analysis show that (1) there is a difference between locution and illocutionary acts in adult’s and children's toothpaste advertisements, namely that adult toothpaste advertisements highlight information about the advantages of toothpaste, while the children's toothpaste advertisement emphasizes information about nonverbal advertising, (2) illocutionary acts in the advertisement indicated that there were 6 assertive utterances, 9 directive utterances, 6 commissive utterances, 6 expressive utterances, and 2 declarative utterances, (3) the politeness principles found in those advertisements are 15 tact maxims, 4 approbation maxims, and 6 symphaty maxims.

JENIS-JENIS TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI GURU BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA CERITA FABEL DI KELAS VII SMPN 11 KOTA JAMBI TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018

The purpose of this research to describe the types of ilocutionary act that the Indonesian language teacher use in giving fable story lesson towards students class VII SMP Negeri 11 Kota Jambi Academic Year 2017/2018. This research is descriptive qualitative. The technique of collecting data is observation, recording, and note-taking. The data then is analyzed by using pragmatic analysis. Based on the result of the analysis, it can be found that there 4 types of ilocutionary act that is used by the Indonesian language teacher, they are (1) directive, (2) declarative, (3) insertive, (4) expressive. The functions of teacher’s ilocutionary act is really important to the students in learning process. In addition, it is recommended to the teacher to improve their expressive utterance in order to increase studeents willinngness in learning and to reduce the use of directive utterance so that the students will not bored in studying the lesson.Key Word: ilocutionary, pragmatic