Abstract
Speech development of a child with autism does not always take place at the appropriate age and does not always obey the laws of development of speech functions. According to the analysis of literature sources, the direct study of speech activity of children with autistic disorders requires a more detailed study. According to our predictions, a child with autistic disorders of older preschool age due to the peculiarities of communicative and behavioral spheres will show a low level of speech activity, which can be explained directly by the specificity of speech development along with limited language experience and insufficient knowledge of language and its use in communication. Language behavior consists of two complementary and interrelated processes: psychological formation (generation) of speech utterance and perception of the expanded speech of the interlocutor. The model of speech utterance generation includes five consecutive, interconnected stages (phases) identified by O.O. Leontiev (1967): the motive of utterance; the idea of expression; internal programming; lexical and grammatical development of the utterance; implementation of speech expression in external speech. Speech activity is one of the many forms of general activity, a reflection of the needs that arise in accordance with specific communication situations, a prerequisite and an important component of language behavior. The term "speech activity" is considered by us in the sense of the presence of a motive for speech utterance and direct speech utterance, which may occur as a reaction-response to the interlocutor's remark or as a desire to inform the interlocutor of their own thoughts, experiences, emotions, needs.
Highlights
After analyzing the scientific and methodological literature, we came to the conclusion that to assess the level of development of speech function in children with autistic disorders, it is important to know the features of speech formation in the process of normal ontogenesis
Speech activity is one of the many forms of general activity, a reflection of the needs that arise in accordance with specific communication situations
There is a need to stimulate the priorities of the child, in particular with autistic disorders, in communication with adults, in creating special conditions aimed at enhancing its speech development
Summary
After analyzing the scientific and methodological literature, we came to the conclusion that to assess the level of development of speech function in children with autistic disorders, it is important to know the features of speech formation in the process of normal ontogenesis. Lisina (2009) identifies three main groups of motives that motivate a child to communicate with adults and appear in the period of communicative activity almost simultaneously, associated with its three main needs: 1) cognitive, where the adult acts as a source of information and as an organizer of new experiences for the child (arise on the basis of the need for new experiences); 2) business, where the adult plays the role of a partner in a joint practical (subject or game) activity, assistant and a sample of correct actions (arise on the basis of the need for active activity); 3) personal, where the adult appears as a person, as a member of society, a representative of a certain group (arise on the basis of the need for recognition and support) We anticipate that these needs will not be sufficiently developed in children with autistic disorders, which may directly affect speech activity and communication in general. In children with autistic manifestations, the formation of all forms of preverbal and verbal communication is disturbed, Nikolska O.S. (2000); Shulzhenko D.I. (2011), and the older the child, the more pronounced the difficulties in its interaction with people around and with the environment
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