Direction Of Technology Development Research Articles

Application of cloud computing key technology in aerospace TT&C

Abstract The basic concepts, technical implementation, and application scenarios of computer simulation, virtualization, and cloud computing are intertwined and each has its characteristics. In this article, the basic concepts, necessity, feasibility, and core difficulties of computer simulation, virtualization, and cloud computing are analyzed. Also, the application prospects of the three technologies are expounded, the technical differences are analyzed, and the application of some key technologies in the data center is introduced. The generalization of computer simulation technology, the specialization of virtualization technology, and the systematization of cloud computing technology are expounded, which represent the mainstream direction of technology development in the field of information and communication at this stage. The application examples of the three in the aerospace telemetry, tracking, and command field are taken to illustrate that information technology essentially serves the business logic of their respective fields, which also well reflects the basic characteristics of demand-oriented, safety-oriented, innovation, and long-term development. It has guiding significance for the technical orientation, technical selection, and engineering implementation of information system architecture design.

Visualization of regenerating and repairing hearts.

With heart failure continuing to become more prevalent, investigating the mechanisms of heart injury and repair holds much incentive. In contrast with adult mammals, other organisms such as teleost fish, urodele amphibians, and even neonatal mammals are capable of robust cardiac regeneration to replenish lost or damaged myocardial tissue. Long-term high-resolution intravital imaging of the behaviors and interactions of different cardiac cell types in their native environment could yield unprecedented insights into heart regeneration and repair. However, this task remains challenging for the heart due to its rhythmic contraction and anatomical location. Here, we summarize recent advances in live imaging of heart regeneration and repair, discuss the advantages and limitations of current systems, and suggest future directions for novel imaging technology development.

Model Establishment of Cross-Disease Course Prediction Using Transfer Learning

In recent years, the development and application of artificial intelligence have both been topics of concern. In the medical field, an important direction of medical technology development is the extraction and use of applicable information from existing medical records to provide more accurate and helpful diagnosis suggestions. Therefore, this paper proposes using the development of diseases with easily discernible symptoms to predict the development of other medically related but distinct diseases that lack similar data. The aim of this study is to improve the ease of assessing the development of diseases in which symptoms are difficult to detect, and to improve the utilization of medical data. First, a time series model was used to capture the continuous manifestations of diseases with symptoms that could be easily found at different time intervals. Then, through transfer learning and attention mechanism, the general features captured were applied to the predictive model of the development of diseases with insufficient data and symptoms that are difficult to detect. Finally, we conducted a comprehensive experimental study based on a dataset collected from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The results demonstrate that the effectiveness of our transfer learning approach outperforms state-of-the-art deep learning prediction models for disease course prediction.

ORGANIZING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL LAND MANAGEMENT IN ALTAI KRAI: A GEO-ECOLOGICAL PROSPECT

In recent decades, the agriculture of Altai Krai has been considered an agro-industrial complex. The total land area is 17 million hectares, and more than 11.5 million hectares are classified as agricultural lands. The area of arable land amounts to 6.5 million hectares. More than 90% of total agricultural land area, to various extents, is subject to erosion and soil blowing; less than 10 kg of mineral fertilizers are required. According to expert estimates, agricultural crops experience an acute lack of nutrients in the soil, which deteriorates the quality of the crop. In this regard, contemporary agricultural land management in Altai Krai is highly volatile and unsustainable. One example is the Strategic Direction of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation and other long-term regulatory documents defining the development of agriculture in the next 10–15 years, which establish the transition of some agricultural organizations to an alternative, high-tech, and environmentally friendly organic agricultural sector. Organic farming is based on the management of organic agricultural land. In those territories that conform to certification requirements, organic land management in Altai Krai can partly become an alternative path to an agro-industrial one. However, to move to a high-tech level of organization of contemporary agricultural land management in Altai Krai, it is necessary to implement all measures related to the geo- and agro-ecological justification of the use of the territory. To be exact, it is crucial to conduct (1) retrospective analysis of land management (based on the materials of soil surveys and land management systems for collective and state farms developed in the last century); (2) assessment of the ecology of the structure of the agricultural landscape and the structure of acreage and crop rotation system; (3) modeling of the agricultural landscape and the ratio of land; (4) ecological and economic analysis of land-use models.

Effectiveness Analysis for Smart Construction Safety Technology (SCST) by Test Bed Operation on Small- and Medium-Sized Construction Sites.

In the global construction industry, government policies have recently focused on smart construction technologies, such as those concerning the “smartization” of construction, improvements of productivity, and automation technologies. In addition, smart construction safety technologies (SCSTs) have been developed to ensure workers’ safety, under the initiative of the private sector. In regards to overseas occupational safety, wearable technologies have been developed for various types of industries, and the integrated platform developments needed to link them have become mainstream. In South Korea, individual companies are focusing on developing basic SCSTs and platforms for integrated control, aiming to prevent accidents in the construction field. The goal of this study was to identify the pros and cons of SCSTs through test bed operation and to derive improvement directions. Therefore, a test bed embedded with SCSTs was built and operated to provide effective safety management for small- and medium-sized sites exposed to fatal accidents. From analyzing the data from the test bed, it was found that it is difficult to change the tendencies of workers’ behaviors based solely on the introduction of SCSTs. This indicates that the effects of SCSTs are insignificant without the cooperation of workers. In addition, technical problems in field application were identified for each sensor and equipment, and the necessity, problems, and effectiveness of SCSTs were analyzed. As a result, both the installation and attachment types were found to be effective; however, workers avoided wearing certain attachment types. Based on the results derived through analysis of the pros and cons of SCSTs, the directions and guidelines were suggested for future use. This result can be used for future technology development directions, and policy establishment. Additionally, for the activation of SCSTs in the field, the cooperation of workers and the interest of managers remain essential factors, and improvements to the equipment are required.

Toward Understanding Chalcopyrite Solar Cells via Advanced Characterization Techniques

AbstractIn response to global environmental concerns, the importance of renewable energy, especially photovoltaic technology, is widely emphasized. As such, various efforts are made to improve the efficiency of solar cells, leading to significant technological advances supported by effective analysis and characterization techniques. Understanding these characterization techniques is important when looking to overcome technological limits and set the direction of technological development. Because the electrical properties of device, such as the carrier lifetime, doping density, energy levels, and surface potential, are generally determined based on the crystallographic phase, morphology, and compositional distribution, characterization techniques are developed to provide quantitative information on the absorber, surface, and interfaces of solar cells in order to improve their overall performance. In this review, basic to advanced characterization techniques for chalcopyrite solar cells are introduced. Because chalcopyrite solar cells exhibit high efficiency and are already commercialized, this can be a good lesson for studying the technological development history regarding efficiency improvement with characterization of thin‐film solar cells. Based on the various characterization techniques reviewed in this paper, structure−property relationships are established, thus providing a foundation for the development of strategies to improve processing conditions and thus increase the efficiency of solar cells.

Ten years of gas shale fracturing in China: Review and prospect

The first fractured shale gas well of China was constructed in 2010. After 10 years of development, China has become the second country that possesses the core technology of shale gas development around the world, realized the shale gas fracturing techniques from zero to one and from lagging to partially leading, and constructed the fracturing theory and technology system suitable for middle–shallow marine shale gas exploitation. In order to provide beneficial guidance for the efficient exploitation of shale gas in China in the future, this paper comprehensively reviews development history and status of domestic fundamental theories, optimized design methods, fluid systems, tools and technologies of shale gas fracturing and summarizes the research results in fundamental theories and optimized design methods, such as fracturing sweet-spot cognition, fracture network propagation simulation and control, rock hydration and flowback control, and SRV (stimulated reservoir volume) evaluation and characterization. The development and application of slick-water fracturing fluid system and new fracturing fluid with little or no water is discussed. The development and independent research & development level of multi-stage fracturing tools are evaluated, including drillable composite plug, soluble plug, large-diameter plug and casing cementing sleeve. The implementation situations of field technologies and processes are illustrated, including the early conventional multi-stage multi-cluster fracturing and the current “dense cluster” fracturing and temporary plugging fracturing. Based on this, the current challenges to domestic shale gas fracturing technologies are analyzed systematically, and the development direction of related technologies is forecast. In conclusion, it is necessary for China to continuously research the fracturing theories, technologies and methods suitable for domestic deep and ultra-deep marine shale gas, terrestrial shale gas and transitional shale gas to facilitate the future efficient development of shale gas in China.

Innovative development of the Russian grain sector

The innovative development of the grain sector develops in a wave-like manner, with alternating periods of growth and decline in the yield indicator. The innovation activity of agricultural organizations is currently increasing. The analysis shows the industry’s transition to a new technological stage. The priority directions of scientific and technological development are the technologies of grain yield increase, such as biotechnologies of effective accelerated breeding and intensive technologies in seed production; precision farming; biological and organic farming, as well as advanced technologies’ phytomelioration.

Data-Driven Zero Trust Key Algorithm

In today’s information society, network security is a crucial issue. Network security technology is changing as a result of the development of emerging technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. Data-driven (DD) security has emerged as a new network security technology development direction. The key technologies for DD network security are discussed in depth in this paper. A data security protection system is designed from the perspective of ZT, based on advanced security concepts and technologies developed by ZT, as well as a foreign data security governance framework. The number of alarms generated per hour is counted, removal rules are defined, and real-time rule matching is performed to eliminate false alarms based on different combinations of attributes. By analyzing the security data generation rules and internal relations, a security aggregation method can reduce redundant data and improve alarm quality.

A methodical approach to creating representations of a digital twin within the framework of the concept of "digital production"

Digital twins are one of the strategic directions of information technology development in today's digitalization environment. This article presents the key technologies and trends that led to the emergence of Digital Twin. The aim of the study was to develop a methodological approach for the design and implementation of digital twins in industry, involving the creation of XLM-scheme architecture of the digital twin, integrating various software systems into a single system. The authors have given a refined definition of the concept of a digital twin, the application of which will allow to extract the necessary information from various databases and to generate informational benefit by purposeful integration and linking of data in the Digital Twin. The result of the study is the developed concept of the method of representation of the digital twin options, based on the theory of the new industrial society and the shift of industrial paradigms. The advantage of the concept for industry in this article is emphasized by organizing the work with big data, which are integrated in the digital twin. The results generated will contribute to scientific research aimed at implementing digital manufacturing programs that can lead to industrial leadership in global markets.

Neurotechnologies in Geopolitics, Management, Economics during the Global crisis and hybrid Wars (Part 2)

The subject of the article is methodological aspects of the application of neurotechnologies in management, economics and geopolitics during the global crisis and hybrid wars; the object of the work is neurotechnologies in the conditions of the 9th technological order; the purpose of the article is to reduce the geopolitical risk in international relations during the 9th technological order, the development of the 9th technological order. The relevance of the article is related to the geopolitical crisis and the intensification of the use of neurotechnologies in the process of geopolitical competition during the transition of the world to a new world order; it is important to take into account that the development of neurotechnologies is one of the main directions of technological development in the formation of the 9th technological order. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the synthesis of the methodology of managing geopolitical risks in the conditions of the global crisis, based on the development and practical application of neurotechnologies in the period of the 9th technological order. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: the concept and features of geopolitical risk are introduced; the influence of geopolitical risk on the sustainability of the development of the 9th technological order is investigated; methodological provisions of neurogeopolitics are formed, changes in world orders in their connection with technological patterns (orders) is studied; the evolution of military methods in geopolitics is described in the process of changing technological patterns; the concept of managing the geopolitical risk of the state is formed. Scientific methods are: historical analysis; neurotechnology; geopolitics; political science; methodology and philosophy of science, a systematic approach; heuristic methods; the method of constructing scenarios

Transient Analysis for Resonant Beam Charging and Communication

High communication speed and sufficient energy supply are the directions of technological development. Energy and information available anywhere and anytime has always been people's good wishes. On this basis, resonant beam system (RBS) has demonstrated its unique superiority in meeting the needs for energy and communication. The previous work has mostly focused on the analysis of charging performance of RBS and its steady-state characteristics. In order to analyze the communication performance of RBS more thoroughly, we propose a resonant beam charging and communication (RBCC) system and use the equivalent circuit analysis method to conduct transient analysis on it. The equivalent circuit reveals the dynamic establishment process of the resonant beam from scratch, which facilitates the analysis of the relaxation oscillation process and a deeper understanding of the energy transmission and communication performance. In addition, we explore the energy transmission and communication performance of the RBCC under different energy allocation strategies.

The analysis of Polish patent applications in the solar energy technology with the use of text mining methodology

Purpose: Knowledge management belongs to the most important elements of organisational management, including manufacturing enterprises. Patent information plays an increasingly important role in this area. Identification of the main directions of invention activity may inspire new product and process ideas, and can help to improve existing solutions. The above is particularly important in the energy sector, which is currently struggling with increasing problems. In this context, solar energy is the subject of interest to inventive communities. The paper discusses patent applications related to solar energy, taking up the task of discovering the main tendencies of technological solutions in this area. Design/methodology/approach: In the work, a pilot study of the research aimed to indicate the directions of technological development in the field in Poland was undertaken. Shortened descriptions of selected patent documents from the Polish Patent Office (PPO) were the subject of the investigation. The descriptions were reduced to the form of a vector space model by using text mining tools. The exploration of such prepared data was done applying unsupervised text mining techniques. Hierarchical cluster analysis enabled the identification of groups of similar inventions. An algorithm to detect outliers within individual patent groups was also developed and applied. Findings: Five patent clusters were identified covering the following thematic areas: PV panel designs, PV panel component designs, the improvement of solar-heat conversion device performance, and solar collector designs. Six patent applications stood out thematically in four of the five clusters. Research limitations/implications: The research is limited to a selected number of patent documents form PPO. However, the presented method and research area are promising. It is planned to extend the analyses to a larger set of patent documents and solve the problem related to the language uniformity of patent applications along with merging data from various sources. In this aspect, a full patent description will be consider as well. Keywords: solar energy patent analysis, patent documents processing, patent clustering, outliers detection, Polish Patent Office. Originality/value: In relation to solar energy issues, main patent areas and patent outliers that may be indicators of special interests of inventors were identified. In relation to methodology issues, new solutions within consecutive research steps were proposed.

Research Progress on Wastewater Treatment in Food Industry: A Mini-review

This review briefly summarizes the sources, characteristics and hazards of food industry wastewater, then lists common food industry wastewater treatment technologies, and looks forward to the future development direction of food industry wastewater treatment technologies.

Progress in 4D printing technology

Compared with traditional additive manufacturing technology (3D printing), 4D printing technology (four-dimensional printing) increases the time dimension. The structure prepared by 4D printing process can change its shape and configuration with the external environment (i.e. light, heat, magnetism, electricity, etc.), which has a broad application prospect. This paper introduces several typical implementation methods of 4D printing in combination with the typical research results of 4D printing in recent years. The printing materials, design methods, and simulation methods of current 4D printing technology are summarized. Finally, the possible development directions of 4D printing technology and its application prospects in the fields of biomedicine, soft robotics, aerospace, etc. are introduced, and some problems of 4D printing technology are discussed.

BLOCKCHANE TECHNOLOGY: ESSENCE, BENEFITS AND PROSPECTS OF USE

The article examines the trends of rapid development of blockchain technology. Approaches to interpretation of the concept of "blockchain" in the works of domestic and foreign scientists are revealed. The principles which the development of blockchain technology is based on are determined. Examples of use of blockchain technology applications with class grouping are studied. Examples of application of blockchain technology in such areas as finance, international trade, smart cities, banking are given. The current state of development, opportunities for implementation and features of legal regulation of blockchain technology in Ukraine are described. The advantages and disadvantages of blockchain technologies are highlighted. The further directions of blockchain technology development are analyzed according to such scenarios as centralized programs are replaced by decentralized ones, development of programs for financial inclusion, increase of efficiency of international digital transactions, blockchain turns into "new Internet".

СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ СТРАТЕГИИ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В ОБЛАСТИ ПРИОРИТЕТА "А"

The article presents the results of research on the current state and prospects for the development of the scientific and innovative complex of the Russian Federation in the field of new technologies corresponding to the priority direction of scientific and technological development «Priority A» of the Strategy for scientific and technological development. The results of a comparative analysis of the levels of scientific and technological development of Russia and the leading countries of the world are presented. The study is based on the results of the monitoring and semantic analysis of publication activity in the priority area of scientific and technological development within the selected segments of the global and Russian markets, as well as assessments of the level of readiness of key technologies, taking into account their contribution to the development of promising Russian markets.

Comparative Analysis of the Characteristics of Carbonaceous Material Obtained via Single-Staged Steam Pyrolysis of Waste Tires

ABSTRACT The two-stage technology of porous carbonaceous material obtained via pyrolysis in inert medium with subsequent activation by steam is well known. While steam could be a suitable substance for pyrolysis as well, single-staged technology for waste tire recycling is yet to be developed. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the carbonaceous materials obtained by the single-staged steam pyrolysis of waste tires was carried out, which could provide a theoretical background for the development of such technology. The steam pyrolysis was performed in a tubular reactor in an overheated steam medium (500°C with 5 kg/h mass flow rate). The technical characteristics of the obtained samples were evaluated in the context of their potential for further application as absorbent and raw material for rubber production according to Chemical s Service No. 1333–86-4. The composition and physico-chemical properties of the obtained samples were studied using BET and thermogravimetric analysis, atomic emission, transmission and scanning electron microscopies, Raman, X-ray diffraction, and photoelectron spectroscopies. The results revealed that the structure and properties of all obtained carbonaceous material samples were similar. The samples consisted of amorphous carbon (with a disordered graphite lattice) and contained a significant amount of metal oxides. According to experimental data, zinc was present in the form of ZnO with a binding energy of 1022.4 eV, while sulfur was observed in the form of sulfide and oxysulfide with binding energies of 161.8 and 163.2 eV, respectively. According to electron microscopy, the morphology of samples was represented by a set of spherical agglomerates comprising nanosized particles. According to the BET analysis of the samples, the specific surface area varied in the range between 52.0 and 66.0 m2/g and the pore volume values were within a range of 0.53–0.87 cm3/g, while the average pore size varied from 412 to 527 Å. Implications: Our paper presents original research in the field of characterization of solid material obtained by single-staged steam gasification of waste tires, which were produced and exploited in conditions of Russia. Modern technology allows thermal utilization of waste tires by obtaining powders of carbonaceous material, which could be used as fuel, adsorbent, etc., but this process usually consists of two stages – pyrolysis in inert medium and activation in steam or carbon dioxide. One of the most promising directions of technological development is simplifying this process into single step, ensuring that the obtained material could be used as carbon black or adsorbent for gas steam cleansing. No data on suitability of carbonaceous material obtained by single-step steam pyrolysis of all-season waste tires to be adsorbent and/or carbon black is present in the literature. In order to evaluate the suitability of the obtained material to be adsorbent, the high specific surface area should be determined, while CAS technical standards specify many chemical and physical properties of industrial carbon black. The aim of the current article is to study the properties of carbonaceous material obtained during single-staged steam gasification of four different all-season tires (due to their widespread application worldwide) and evaluate its fitness as industrial-scale carbon black or adsorbent. The additional problem addressed was the evaluation of the variation in characteristics of carbonaceous material obtained due to different origins of tires. Experiments were conducted in a tubular lab reactor in order to simplify the experimental procedure while ensuring the applicability of the obtained results to practical conditions. The obtained results could be used for the development of the technology for closed-cycle tire processing (because black carbon is used for tire production) and adsorbent production. The characteristics of the materials obtained allow us to choose optimal parameters for such treatment and develop special policies and programs, which will integrate and regulate waste tire utilization via steam gasification.

Mapping the Territorial Adaptation of Technological Innovation Systems—Trajectories of the Internal Combustion Engine

Besides the rise of sustainable technologies, successful sustainability transitions crucially depend on the phase-out of unsustainable ones. However, the detailed dynamics of declining technological innovation systems (TIS) remain vague. Thus, based on the new TIS life cycle framework, we investigate how the technological dimension of a mature TIS adapts to increasing transformational pressures towards its decline. Considering the internal combustion engine (ICE) as a suitable research case, we measure the technological adaptation as changes in the dominant technological trajectory over time and across TIS territories. Empirically, this is operationalised by a main path analysis in patent citation networks, using 221,700 patents to cover the period from 10 January 1901 until 31 January 2019. Our results not only point to considerable shifts in the direction of technological development over time but also highlight stark differences across the three major car markets. Most notably, in contrast to USA and Japan, where hybrid powertrains have become the dominant alternative powertrains, the dominant trajectory in the EU territory points to an ongoing commitment towards diesel technology. In essence, our results highlight the importance of path dependency and connectivity of the knowledge search process as well as selective forces on the innovation system level, which have been neglected by related empirical studies. Conceptionally, our analysis demonstrates that the technological adaptation process is influenced by specific developments during a time period and heterogenous territorial dynamics within the TIS. Consequently, future TIS studies might consider spatially heterogeneous development cycles as well as possible mechanisms to establish an international trajectory towards sustainability goals.

Implementation of Distributed Operation and Maintenance of Cross-Border e-Commerce Platform Based on Cloud Native Architecture

The traditional architecture of e-commerce data management needs to adapt to the new and more complex environment, which needs to provide massive data management, compatibility of different types of data, and better user experience. Cloud computing technology is a synthesis of parallel, distributed, and grid computing and is one of the future directions of information technology development. In this paper, we use cloud computing data management technology to study the data management of e-commerce. It is hoped that the current e-commerce data management can be improved with the help of cloud computing technology. This paper starts from analyzing the current e-commerce representatives Taobao.com and Jingdong Mall to find out the data characteristics of these two enterprises, analyze the existing data problems, and find the aspects that can be improved. Using this open-source cloud computing implementation solution, we solve the storage problem of large files and unstructured small files in the e-commerce system.