Direct Feedback Research Articles

이동용 영상촬영기기 바디캠을 활용한 팀단위 심폐소생술의 교육피드백 효과

This study conducted a team-based CPR simulation with 32 fourth-year emergency rescue students to determine the effectiveness of training feedback using body cameras used at emergency rescue sites, and measured awareness, training feedback effectiveness, and satisfactio+n before and after body camera feedback. , preferences and difficulties in using body camera devices were identified. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 program, including descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, paried t-test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. As a result of the study, the perception of body camera use showed a positive change from 3.73±0.62 points to 4.45±0.54 points, and a positive satisfaction level of 3.98±0.51 was shown (p<.001). Additionally, there was a significant increase in self-check accuracy and performance score after body camera feedback (p<.001). Therefore, during team-based simulation resuscitation training, positive feedback effects in improving self-inspection ability and performance can be achieved by watching body camera videos and using self-checklists without direct feedback from the instructor.

Attitudes and Perceptions of Teachers and Chinese Students Towards Corrective Feedback in L2 Writing

Corrective feedback is a concept of second language acquisition (SLA). Previous studies have investigated the definitions, categories, and effectiveness of corrective feedback from myriad perspectives, often choosing English as a second language to conduct research on ESL students. Writing is a challenge for most L2 learners, and written feedback is part of overall corrective feedback. Much research has emphasized the effectiveness of corrective feedback, but how different types of corrective feedback influence L2 learners differently remains unknown. Few studies have combined students’ with teachers’ perceptions of written corrective feedback. Most only emphasized students’ preferences and few studies concentrated on Chinese students. As such, this paper aims to investigate the attitudes and perceptions of teachers and Chinese students towards written corrective feedback in L2 writing, which is beneficial to determine whether teachers can have awareness of students’ perceptions and satisfy their needs according to individual situations, helping them facilitate the accuracy of L2 writing. The results reveal that differences exist between Chinese students’ and teachers’ preferences for written corrective feedback in L2 writing. Both groups think written corrective feedback is effective to enhance L2 writing, and most Chinese students and teachers affirm that different strategies of written corrective feedback should be given according to different error types. Finally, in teachers’ opinions, the most appropriate written corrective feedback for Chinese students is direct corrective feedback and metalinguistic feedback (e.g. using error codes and metalinguistic codes), while Chinese students believe that the most appropriate written corrective feedback is direct and indirect corrective feedback.

Dynamic feature-based deep reinforcement learning for flow control of circular cylinder with sparse surface pressure sensing

This study proposes a self-learning algorithm for closed-loop cylinder wake control targeting lower drag and lower lift fluctuations with the additional challenge of sparse sensor information, taking deep reinforcement learning (DRL) as the starting point. The DRL performance is significantly improved by lifting the sensor signals to dynamic features (DFs), which predict future flow states. The resulting DF-based DRL (DF-DRL) automatically learns a feedback control in the plant without a dynamic model. Results show that the drag coefficient of the DF-DRL model is 25 % less than the vanilla model based on direct sensor feedback. More importantly, using only one surface pressure sensor, DF-DRL can reduce the drag coefficient to a state-of-the-art performance of approximately 8 % at Reynolds number $(Re) = 100$ and significantly mitigates lift coefficient fluctuations. Hence, DF-DRL allows the deployment of sparse sensing of the flow without degrading the control performance. This method also exhibits strong robustness in flow control under more complex flow scenarios, reducing the drag coefficient by 32.2 % and 46.55 % at $Re =500$ and 1000, respectively. Additionally, the drag coefficient decreases by 28.6 % in a three-dimensional turbulent flow at $Re =10\,000$ . Since surface pressure information is more straightforward to measure in realistic scenarios than flow velocity information, this study provides a valuable reference for experimentally designing the active flow control of a circular cylinder based on wall pressure signals, which is an essential step toward further developing intelligent control in a realistic multi-input multi-output system.

Exploring the effect of directive and reflective feedback on elementary school students’ scientific conceptual understanding, epistemological beliefs, and inquiry performance in online inquiry activities

Exploring the effect of directive and reflective feedback on elementary school students’ scientific conceptual understanding, epistemological beliefs, and inquiry performance in online inquiry activities

Ensuring safe and equitable discharge: a quality improvement initiative for individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

ObjectiveTo improve timely and equitable access to postpartum blood pressure (BP) monitoring in individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).MethodsA quality improvement initiative was implemented at a large academic medical...

Effects of on-site Supportive Communication Training (On-site SCT) on doctor-patient communication in oncology: Study protocol of a randomized, controlled mixed-methods trial

BackgroundThe quality of communication in oncology significantly impacts patients' health outcomes, as poor communication increases the risk of unnecessary treatment, inadequate pain relief, higher anxiety levels, and acute hospitalizations. Additionally, ineffective communication skills training (CST) is associated with stress, low job satisfaction, and burnout among doctors working in oncology. While acknowledging the importance of effective communication, the specific features of successful CST remain uncertain. Role-play and recorded consultations with direct feedback appear promising for CST but may be time-consuming and face challenges in transferring acquired skills to clinical contexts. Our aim is to bridge this gap by proposing a novel approach: On-site Supportive Communication Training (On-site SCT). The concept integrates knowledge from previous studies but represents the first randomized controlled trial employing actual doctor-patient interactions during CST.MethodsThis randomized multicenter trial is conducted at three departments of oncology in Denmark. Doctors are randomized 1:1 to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group involves participation in three full days of On-site SCT facilitated by a trained psychologist. On-site SCT focuses on imparting communication techniques, establishing a reflective learning environment, and offering emotional support with a compassionate mindset. The primary endpoint is the change in percentage of items rated “excellent” by the patients in the validated 15-item questionnaire Communication Assessment Tool. The secondary endpoints are changes in doctors’ ratings of self-efficacy in health communication, burnout, and job satisfaction measured by validated questionnaires. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with the doctors after the intervention to evaluate its relevance, feasibility, and working mechanisms. Doctors have been actively recruited during summer/autumn 2023. Baseline questionnaires from patients have been collected. Recruitment of new patients for evaluation questionnaires is scheduled for Q1-Q2 2024.DiscussionThis trial aims to quantify On-site SCT efficacy. If it significantly impacts patients/doctors, it can be a scalable CST concept for clinical practice. Additionally, qualitative interviews will reveal doctors' insight into the most comprehensible curriculum parts.Trial registrationApril 2023 – ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05842083). April 2023 – The Research Ethics Committee at the University of Southern Denmark (23/19397).

Measuring the productivity of urban commercial banks in China

This paper contributes to the productivity analysis literature by measuring the productivity of 76 urban commercial banks operating in China's 27 regions from 2013 to 2018. A spatial total factor productivity index is constructed using a spatial autoregressive production function. The index is decomposed into the efficiency change and the returns to scale change, and it identifies both spatial direct (feedback) and spatial indirect (spillovers) components. The result confirms positive spatial dependence in the production of urban commercial banks. Additionally, productivity of China's urban commercial banks increases, which is mainly contributed to by the returns to scale change.

Differential effects of acute and prolonged morphine withdrawal on motivational and goal-directed control over reward-seeking behaviour.

Opioid addiction is a relapsing disorder marked by uncontrolled drug use and reduced interest in normally rewarding activities. The current study investigated the impact of spontaneous withdrawal from chronic morphine exposure on emotional, motivational and cognitive processes involved in regulating the pursuit and consumption of food rewards in male rats. In Experiment 1, rats experiencing acute morphine withdrawal lost weight and displayed somatic signs of drug dependence. However, hedonically driven sucrose consumption was significantly elevated, suggesting intact and potentially heightened reward processing. In Experiment 2, rats undergoing acute morphine withdrawal displayed reduced motivation when performing an effortful response for palatable food reward. Subsequent reward devaluation testing revealed that acute withdrawal disrupted their ability to exert flexible goal-directed control over reward seeking. Specifically, morphine-withdrawn rats were impaired in using current reward value to select actions both when relying on prior action-outcome learning and when given direct feedback about the consequences of their actions. In Experiment 3, rats tested after prolonged morphine withdrawal displayed heightened rather than diminished motivation for food rewards and retained their ability to engage in flexible goal-directed action selection. However, brief re-exposure to morphine was sufficient to impair motivation and disrupt goal-directed action selection, though in this case, rats were only impaired in using reward value to select actions in the presence of morphine-paired context cues and in the absence of response-contingent feedback. We suggest that these opioid-withdrawal induced deficits in motivation and goal-directed control may contribute to addiction by interfering with the pursuit of adaptive alternatives to drug use.

Role of the caudal Nucleus Tractus Solitarius and the Postinspiratory Complex in swallow production

The production of swallowing and its coordination with breathing is essential for homeostasis in most organisms. The postinspiratory complex (PiCo) is thought to regulate the transition between swallowing and breathing. Activation of PiCo triggers swallow production and stimulates laryngeal activation in a respiratory phase specific manner. However, little is known about PiCo’s role in swallow generation, which is thought to be controlled by the caudal portion of the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (cNTS), presumably the swallow pattern generator (SPG). We hypothesize the cNTS is necessary for PiCo to trigger a swallow. Using both male and female Vglut2cre mice, a cre-dependent ChR2 AAV was bilaterally injected into PiCo and a cre-dependent inhibitory DREADD was bilaterally injected into the cNTS, specifically targeting the interstitial (SolI) and intermediate (SolIM) solitary nucleus. Twenty-one days after injection, using our freely breathing urethane anesthetized mouse model, swallows were stimulated by 1) injection of water into the oral cavity and 2) optogenetic stimulation of PiCo neurons; before and after DREADD activator, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Swallow and laryngeal activity were measured via monopolar suction electrodes of the hypoglossal (XII) and vagus (X) nerves as well as bipolar electromyogram (EMG) of the submental, laryngeal complex and costal diaphragm muscles. Post-hoc histological analysis was done to confirm areas of interest were targeted. We found that after activation of the inhibitory DREADD, located in the cNTS, swallow was not evoked by water stimulation nor optogenetic stimulation. We propose that PiCo relies on direct feedback from the cNTS in order to trigger swallow production. NIH F32 HL160102. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Effects of direct and indirect comprehensive corrective feedback on non-grammatical accuracy in ESL students’ writing

Effects of direct and indirect comprehensive corrective feedback on non-grammatical accuracy in ESL students’ writing

Assessing the clinical reasoning skills of 4th year medical students in Batna

Aim. With the aim of examining the performance, commitment and perception of 4th year medical students in Batna - Algeria with regard to an interactive preparatory tool used in a flipped neuromeningeal infection course and to compare results with other types of teaching including blended as well as distance learning during COVID19. Methods. we conducted a prospective, evaluative, experimental before-and-after study with comparison maneuvers. Through this study, the success rate of external students 2022-2023 receiving "Reverse Classroom" teaching applied on group A was compared to the success rate of external students of the same year receiving "mixed teaching" applied on group B and to the success rate of external students of the year 2020-2021 (During COVID 19), receiving only "online teaching in downloadable papers" applied on group C consisting of 2 subgroups . All students in group A and B have access to a traditional downloadable paper document coupled with an enhanced e-learning tool including a video. We briefly evaluated this interactive tool during a 01:30-hour lecture in the form of a clinical case, with the same amount of dedicated class time for both subgroups. Results: Overall, our evaluation showed that the use of the flipped classroom approach is appreciated by students and helps them to learn, understand and retain the essential notions of the course, objectively demonstrated by their response to question 2, 3 and 4, and whose acquisition of the course reached 60% (33.3, 37.1) and 80% (56.0, 49.4) respectively for the A1 and A2 group. The majority asked to adopt it in nearly 67% of cases, which has been reported in studies other. Similarly, our results show the importance of having direct contact with a teacher and feedback during a lecture, and of not exclusively carrying out distance learning without direct contact interaction and feedback. Conclusion: The flipped classroom defines a blended learning approach in which core content is transferred to students to engage them in active learning exercises during class time.

FINANCIAL LITERACY EDUCATION IN VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS

The level of financial literacy among vocational school students is often low, with a lack of understanding of financial concepts which can affect the ability to manage personal finances and face financial challenges in the future. This service aims to increase the financial literacy of vocational school students, with a focus on wise budget management habits. Specific objectives include increasing students' understanding of financial literacy, increasing financial awareness, and encouraging the application of financial literacy concepts in everyday life. Community service activities were carried out at the Kefamenanu Catholic Vocational School, involving 25 students. Community service activities are carried out through training, workshops and financial simulations. Material covers the basics of money management, budget planning, investing, and personal financial planning. Evaluation is carried out through direct feedback from participants using questionnaires, observation of student participation, and group reflection sessions. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in vocational school students' understanding of financial literacy after participating in the activity. As many as 85% of students stated that their understanding of the material had increased, and 90% were satisfied with the method of delivering the activities. Additionally, 75% of students expressed the hope of applying financial literacy concepts in everyday life. These results provide a positive picture of the success of the activity and the potential for future improvements, including technology integration and the addition of more in-depth material.

Recurrence of ventricular fibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Clinical evidence and underlying ionic mechanisms.

Defibrillation remains the optimal therapy for terminating ventricular fibrillation (VF) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients, with reported shock success rates of ∼90%. A key persistent challenge, however, is the high rate of VF recurrence (∼50-80%) seen during post-shock cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Studies have shown that the incidence and time spent in recurrent VF are negatively associated with neurologically-intact survival. Recurrent VF also results in the administration of extra shocks at escalating energy levels, which can cause cardiac dysfunction. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying recurrent VF remain poorly understood. In particular, the role of chest-compressions (CC) administered during CPR in mediating recurrent VF remains controversial. In this review, we first summarize the available clinical evidence for refibrillation occurring during CPR in OHCA patients, including the postulated contribution of CC and non-CC related pathways. Next, we examine experimental studies highlighting how CC can re-induce VF via direct mechano-electric feedback. We postulate the ionic mechanisms involved by comparison with similar phenomena seen in commotio cordis. Subsequently, the hypothesized contribution of partial cardiac reperfusion (either as a result of CC or CC independent organized rhythm) in re-initiating VF in a globally ischaemic heart is examined. An overview of the proposed ionic mechanisms contributing to VF recurrence in OHCA during CPR from a cellular level to the whole heart is outlined. Possible therapeutic implications of the proposed mechanistic theories for VF recurrence in OHCA are briefly discussed.

Almost sure and mean square convergence of iterative learning control system with state feedback under random packet dropouts

This paper investigates the almost sure and mean square convergence of a state feedback-based iterative learning control scheme for a class of discrete-time multi-input–multi-output linear systems with a direct feedback term in the presence of random data dropouts. Firstly, the realisability of the control system is considered. It is shown that the realisability of the control system is only determined by the direct feedback matrix, which has nothing to do with the input–output coupling matrix, and the direct feedback matrix to be full-row rank is enough to guarantee the system realisable. Secondly, the convergence of output tracking errors is analysed in both the almost sure and mean square senses, respectively. By the contraction mapping method combined with matrix decomposition and transformation techniques, it is strictly proved that the output sequence can converge to any given desired trajectory in the sense of almost sure and mean square, respectively, if and only if the general spectral radius condition is satisfied. Finally, an example is given to show the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

A Lightweight and Affordable Wearable Haptic Controller for Robot-Assisted Microsurgery.

In robot-assisted microsurgery (RAMS), surgeons often face the challenge of operating with minimal feedback, particularly lacking in haptic feedback. However, most traditional desktop haptic devices have restricted operational areas and limited dexterity. This report describes a novel, lightweight, and low-budget wearable haptic controller for teleoperated microsurgical robotic systems. We designed a wearable haptic interface entirely made using off-the-shelf material-PolyJet Photopolymer, fabricated using liquid and solid hybrid 3D co-printing technology. This interface was designed to resemble human soft tissues and can be wrapped around the fingertips, offering direct contact feedback to the operator. We also demonstrated that the device can be easily integrated with our motion tracking system for remote microsurgery. Two motion tracking methods, marker-based and marker-less, were compared in trajectory-tracking experiments at different depths to find the most effective motion tracking method for our RAMS system. The results indicate that within the 4 to 8 cm tracking range, the marker-based method achieved exceptional detection rates. Furthermore, the performance of three fusion algorithms was compared to establish the unscented Kalman filter as the most accurate and reliable. The effectiveness of the wearable haptic controller was evaluated through user studies focusing on the usefulness of haptic feedback. The results revealed that haptic feedback significantly enhances depth perception for operators during teleoperated RAMS.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PEER SUPPORT GROUPWORK ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING OF THE LIMB RECONSTRUCTION PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS ATTENDING THE NATIONAL ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL CAPPAGH, DUBLIN

AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PEER SUPPORT GROUPWORK ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING OF THE LIMB RECONSTRUCTION PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS ATTENDING THE NATIONAL ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL CAPPAGH, DUBLIN

RETROFIT: Real-Time Control of Time-Dependent 3D Point Cloud Profiles

Abstract In modern manufacturing processes, ensuring the precision of 3D profiles of products is crucial. Nonetheless, achieving this accuracy is challenging due to the complex interactions between process inputs and the data structure of the 3D profile data. Our solution, a 3D profile-based control framework, addresses this challenge by actively adapting and controlling the manufacturing process to enhance 3D shape accuracy. 3D profile scans represent the ultimate measure of desired part quality. Therefore, utilizing them as the system responses for control purposes yields the most direct and effective feedback. We leverage recent advancements from Koopman operator theory to create an effective model-based control strategy. Initially, we estimate the process model by exploring the relationship between 3D profiles and heterogeneous process inputs. Then, we formulate an online model predictive control law. Challenges include dealing with unstructured, high-dimensional 3D point cloud data, capturing spatial and temporal structures, and integrating heterogeneous, high-dimensional process input data into the control model. To overcome these challenges, we introduce RETROFIT, a solution designed for the real-time control of time-dependent 3D point cloud profiles. Unlike traditional models, RETROFIT is not bound by linear assumptions and can handle unstructured 3D point cloud data directly. We demonstrate its effectiveness through a wire arc additive manufacturing case study, highlighting its potential to enhance 3D profile accuracy in manufacturing processes.

Bumblebees compensate for the adverse effects of sidewind during visually guided landings.

Flying animals often encounter winds during visually guided landings. However, how winds affect their flight control strategy during landing is unknown. Here, we investigated how sidewind affects the landing performance and sensorimotor control of foraging bumblebees (Bombus terrestris). We trained bumblebees to forage in a wind tunnel, and used high-speed stereoscopic videography to record 19,421 landing maneuvers in six sidewind speeds (0 to 3.4 m s-1), which correspond to winds encountered in nature. Bumblebees landed less often in higher windspeeds, but the landing durations from free flight were not increased by wind. By testing how bumblebees adjusted their landing control to compensate for adverse effects of sidewind on landing, we showed that the landing strategy in sidewind resembled that in still air, but with important adaptations. Bumblebees landing in a sidewind tended to drift downwind, which they controlled for by performing more hover maneuvers. Surprisingly, the increased hover prevalence did not increase the duration of free-flight landing maneuvers, as these bumblebees flew faster towards the landing platform outside the hover phases. Hence, by alternating these two flight modes along their flight path, free-flying bumblebees negated the adverse effects of high windspeeds on landing duration. Using control theory, we hypothesize that bumblebees achieve this by integrating a combination of direct aerodynamic feedback and a wind-mediated mechanosensory feedback control, with their vision-based sensorimotor control loop. The revealed landing strategy may be commonly used by insects landing in windy conditions, and may inspire the development of landing control strategies onboard autonomously flying robots.

Preliminary Assessment of an Ambulatory Device Dedicated to Upper Airway Muscle Training in Patients With Sleep Apnea: Proof-of-Concept Study

Background Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a prevalent condition affecting a substantial portion of the global population, with its prevalence increasing over the past 2 decades. OSAHS is characterized by recurrent upper airway (UA) closure during sleep, leading to significant impacts on quality of life and heightened cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity. Despite continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) being the gold standard treatment, patient adherence remains suboptimal due to various factors, such as discomfort, side effects, and treatment unacceptability. Objective Considering the challenges associated with CPAP adherence, an alternative approach targeting the UA muscles through myofunctional therapy was explored. This noninvasive intervention involves exercises of the lips, tongue, or both to improve oropharyngeal functions and mitigate the severity of OSAHS. With the goal of developing a portable device for home-based myofunctional therapy with continuous monitoring of exercise performance and adherence, the primary outcome of this study was the degree of completion and adherence to a 4-week training session. Methods This proof-of-concept study focused on a portable device that was designed to facilitate tongue and lip myofunctional therapy and enable precise monitoring of exercise performance and adherence. A clinical study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of this program in improving sleep-disordered breathing. Participants were instructed to perform tongue protrusion, lip pressure, and controlled breathing as part of various tasks 6 times a week for 4 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 35 minutes. Results Ten participants were enrolled in the study (n=8 male; mean age 48, SD 22 years; mean BMI 29.3, SD 3.5 kg/m2; mean apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] 20.7, SD 17.8/hour). Among the 8 participants who completed the 4-week program, the overall compliance rate was 91% (175/192 sessions). For the tongue exercise, the success rate increased from 66% (211/320 exercises; SD 18%) on the first day to 85% (272/320 exercises; SD 17%) on the last day (P=.05). AHI did not change significantly after completion of training but a noteworthy correlation between successful lip exercise improvement and AHI reduction in the supine position was observed (Rs=–0.76; P=.03). These findings demonstrate the potential of the device for accurately monitoring participants’ performance in lip and tongue pressure exercises during myofunctional therapy. The diversity of the training program (it mixed exercises mixed training games), its ability to provide direct feedback for each exercise to the participants, and the easy measurement of treatment adherence are major strengths of our training program. Conclusions The study’s portable device for home-based myofunctional therapy shows promise as a noninvasive alternative for reducing the severity of OSAHS, with a notable correlation between successful lip exercise improvement and AHI reduction, warranting further development and investigation.

Optimal sizing and power losses reduction of photovoltaic systems using PSO and LCL filters.

The integration of renewable energy systems into electricity grids is a solution for strengthening electricity distribution networks (SEDNs). Renewable energies such as solar photovoltaics are suitable for reinforcing a low-voltage line by offering an electrical energy storage system. However, the integration of photovoltaic systems can lead to problems of harmonic distortion due to the presence of direct current or non-linear feedback in networks from other sources. Therefore, connection standards exist to ensure the quality of the energy before injection at a point of common coupling (PCC). In this work, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to control a boost converter and to evaluate the power losses and the harmonic distortion rate. The test on the IEEE 14 bus standard makes it possible to determine the allocation or integration nodes for other sources such as biomass, wind or hydrogen generators, in order to limit the impact of harmonic disturbances (LIHs). The evaluation of the harmonic distortion rate, the power losses as well as the determination of the system size is done using an objective function defined based on the integration and optimization constraints of the system. The proposed model performs better since the grid current and voltage are stabilized in phase after the photovoltaic source is injected.