Direct Cross Research Articles

Analysis of Double Differential Cross Section for Neutron Induced and Neutron Emission Reaction of 209Bi Isotope

The double-differential cross sections (DDX) of neutron induced and neutron emission reaction of 209Bi isotope are calculated and analysed at neutron emission energies below 7 MeV at 3 laboratory angles between 200 and 1500 . In the calculations, the latest version of Talys 1.96 is utilized to calculate the total, direct, pre-equilibrium and compound cross sections, which are obtained using the same parameters. The contributions of direct, pre-equilibrium and compound processes to the total cross section are separately investigated. It is presented that the compound part has the greatest contribution. The calculation results are compared with the existing experimental data taken from EXFOR library.

Breeding Drought Tolerant Cotton; With an Emphasis on Within Boll Yield Components

Evolution of low moisture stress tolerant genotypes of cotton is a dire need of the time for sustainable/increased production of cotton in Pakistan. A study was conducted to estimate the varietal differences and genetic control of various within boll yield components and fiber quality traits under normal and moisture stress conditions. Five parents viz; PB-39, MNH-886, MNH-147, CIM-598, BH-95 and their ten direct crosses were grown in field in split plot arrangement under randomized complete block design with two replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the two treatments (normal and moisture deficit) and among the fifteen genotypes for all the recorded traits including bolls number per plant, weight per boll, seed cotton yield per plant, GOT, seeds number per boll, seeds mass per boll, lint mass per boll, fiber length, fiber strength and fiber fineness. Treatment × genotype interaction was also significant for all the traits except fiber fineness. Variance due to GCA and SCA were significant for most of the traits; however magnitude of dominance variance was higher than additive variance indicating prevalence of non-additive genetic control for all the traits under both the conditions. The phenotypic expression of all the genotypes varied greatly under the two growing conditions.

Abstract 6071: Activation of NOTCH signaling via DLL1 is mediated by APE1-redox-dependent NF-κB activation in esophageal adenocarcinoma

Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the most lethal of all human malignancies. EAC arises in the setting of Barrett’s esophagus, which is an intestinal metaplastic precursor lesion that develops from chronic reflux of gastrointestinal contents (especially acidic bile salts). Here we report that NOTCH signaling is activated in the esophagus through a unique pathway during exposure to acidic bile salts and progression to EAC. Using a combination of public databases, EAC cell line models, transgenic mice, and patient tissue samples, we detected significant upregulation of several NOTCH signaling components in EAC. Activated NOTCH signaling was confirmed by nuclear accumulation of NOTCH1 cleaved fragment (NICD) with corresponding up-regulation of NOTCH targets in EAC cells in response to acidic bile salts. Moreover, we identified DLL1 as the predominant ligand contributing NOTCH1 activation. Remarkably, DLL1 was regulated by direct cross talk between redox and inflammatory pathways that are activated during both reflux and malignant transformation. Mechanistically, the APE1 redox function transcriptionally up-regulated NF-κB in response to bile salts. This licensed NF-κB to transcriptionally up-regulate DLL1 to activate and stimulate downstream NOTCH1 signaling, thereby defining a novel APE1-NF-kB-NOTCH pro-tumorigenic pathway. This pathway was important for maintaining tumor initiating (cancer “stem cell-like”) properties in vitro, recurrently detected in genetically engineered mouse models of EAC and in EAC patient samples in vivo, and portended an overall poor prognosis. Collectively, these findings indicate that progression from chronic injury to malignancy in the esophagus is driven by a unique mechanism that links redox balance, inflammation, embryonic development (NOTCH) together into a common pro-tumorigenic pathway that is intrinsic to EAC cells. Citation Format: Lei Chen, Heng Lu, Dunfa Peng, Longlong Cao, Zheng Chen, Ajaz Bhat, Alexander Zaika, Shutian Zhang, Wael El-Rifai. Activation of NOTCH signaling via DLL1 is mediated by APE1-redox-dependent NF-κB activation in esophageal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 6071.

Dark matter-induced multi-phase dynamical symmetry breaking

We consider the classically scale invariant Higgs-dilaton model of dynamical symmetry breaking extended with an extra scalar field that plays the role of dark matter. The Higgs boson is light near a critical boundary between different symmetry breaking phases, where quantum corrections beyond the usual Gildener-Weinberg approximation become relevant. This implies a tighter connection between dark matter and Higgs phenomenology. The model has only three free parameters, yet it allows for the observed relic abundance of dark matter while respecting all constraints. The direct detection cross section mediated by the Higgs boson is determined by the dark matter mass alone and is testable at future experiments.

Reproductive characteristics of pigs of Irish selection and manifestation of different forms of heterosis by different methods of breeding in modern conditions of industrial pork production

The manifestation of different forms of heterosis and its effect on the reproductive capacity of pigs of modern genotypes of Irish selection by different methods of breeding in domestic industrial production on breeding and commercial breeders LLC “SPE “Globinsky pig farm.” To compare the reproductive capacity of animals in purebred breeding, crossbreeding, and hybridization and their dependence on the manifestation of various forms of heterosis of potential and actual multiplicity, high fertility, and nest weight of piglets at birth and weaning, the number of weaned piglets per nest and their safety. A comprehensive assessment of the reproductive qualities of sows was determined using an evaluation index with a limited number of traits, and the selection index of reproductive qualities of sows was determined according to the proposed method. Heterosis indices were determined by V. T. Gorin and I. M. Nikitchenko and modified by O. M. Tserenyuk. Biometric processing of the obtained data was performed by using variation statistics using a personal computer software Microsoft Excel. It was found that the indicators of reproductive traits of sows of all experimental groups and combinations studied were characterized by high reproductive performance, except for purebred sows of the synthetic line Max Gro. Sows of large white and landrace breeds in their direct and reverse cross outperformed their purebred counterparts in birth by 2.8 % in terms of fertility, 2.2 % in terms of nest weight of piglets at birth, and 1.7 % in terms of high fertility. They weighed 4.1 % more piglets, weighed 1.3 % more weight, and 4.6 % the weight of the nest, while the preservation of piglets before weaning was not significantly different between animals of these groups. According to a comprehensive assessment of reproductive indicators, they were 2.8–3.3 % higher when crossing parent breeds than their purebred breeding. At the final stage of hybridization, the advantages of hybrid nests over purebreds (maternal form) during farrowing were established – by potential and actual fertility by 3.9 % and 2.2 %, respectively, by nest weight of piglets at birth and high fertility by 6.3%, and 6.8 %. When weaned, their preferences were – for the safety of piglets – 1.7–2.0 %, for the number of piglets, the weight of their nest, and the weight of one head when weaned by 5.7–6.5 % and 8.5 % and 4.2 %, respectively. According to a comprehensive assessment of sows using the SIVYAS index and the index of reproductive qualities of sows with a limited number of traits, an advantage of 3.9 % and 3.3 % of hybrid nests over purebreds was established. At the same time, sows in hybridization outperformed purebred analogs of the synthetic line Max Gro at the time of farrowing by potential and actual multiplicity by 34.2 % and 59.1 %, nest weight by nest weight of piglets at birth by 27.8 % but had a lower by 25.8, 8.0 % high fertility. At the time of weaning in hybrid nests, there were 54.1 % more piglets, 11.8 % higher live weight of 1 head, and 8.5 % live weight of nests of piglets, according to a comprehensive assessment of sows for SIVYAS and IVYa by 25.9 and 31.8 %, respectively, but they have a 4.6 % worse safety of piglets compared to analogs of the synthetic line Max Gro. There was a more pronounced effect of heterosis on such features as the number of piglets at weaning, live weight of the nest at weaning, SIVYAS and evaluation index, and moderate level of heterosis effect on the average weight of 1 head at weaning at 28 days and average daily gain of young for suckling period. Under the conditions of two-breed crossbreeding, an increase in reproductive indicators was found to a greater extent due to the manifestation of hypothetical and general forms of heterosis, while in hybridization, in most cases, specific and authentic heterosis was manifested.

Assessing the Dipole Moments and Directional Cross Sections of Proteins and Complexes by Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry.

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has become a mainstream approach to fractionate complex mixtures, separate isomers, and assign the molecular geometries. All modalities were grouped into linear IMS (based on the absolute ion mobility, K) and field asymmetric waveform IMS (FAIMS) relying on the evolution of K at a high normalized electric field (E/N) that induces strong ion heating. In the recently demonstrated low-field differential (LOD) IMS, the field is too weak for significant heating but locks the macromolecular dipoles to produce novel separations controlled by the relevant directional collision cross sections (CCSs). Here, we show LODIMS for mass-selected species, exploring the dipole alignment across charge states for the monomers and dimers of an exemplary protein, the alcohol dehydrogenase. Distinct conformational families for aligned species are revealed with directional CCS estimated from the field-dependent trend lines. We set up a model to extract the fractions of pendular conformers as a function of field intensity and translate them into dipole moment distributions. These developments make a critical step toward establishing LODIMS as a new tool for top-down proteomics and integrative structural biology.

Post Collision Interraction Effect on the magnitude(e, 2e) Autoionization Amplitude

Post collision interaction effect on the magnitude of the He(e,2e)He* direct and resonant amplitudes as a function of electron ejection angle has been considered. Calculated values are found in good agreement with the extracted experimental data. It is shown that the 3-body Coulomb interaction in final state may give a considerable contribution to the direct cross section, but a small account to the resonant cross section.

Z-Portal Continuum Dark Matter.

We examine the possibility that dark matter (DM) consists of a gapped continuum, rather than ordinary particles. A weakly interacting continuum (WIC) model, coupled to the standard model via a Z portal, provides an explicit realization of this idea. The thermal DM relic density in this model is naturally consistent with observations, providing a continuum counterpart of the "WIMP miracle." Direct detection cross sections are strongly suppressed compared to ordinary Z-portal WIMP, thanks to a unique effect of the continuum kinematics. Continuum DM states decay throughout the history of the Universe, and observations of cosmic microwave background place constraints on potential late decays. Production of WICs at colliders can provide a striking cascade-decay signature. We show that a simple Z-portal WIC model provides a fully viable DM candidate consistent with all current experimental constraints.

Analyzing pedestrian behavior when crossing urban roads by combining RP and SP data

Considering the high crash rates involving pedestrians on urban roads, it is highly relevant to understanding pedestrian crossing behavior. This paper is the first to combine stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) data to evaluate the impact that individual attributes, trip characteristics, built environment, strategies to prevent unauthorized crossing, and traffic flows have on pedestrians crossing decisions in an urban context. SP and RP surveys were designed and collected in Barranquilla (Colombia) near pedestrian bridges or signalized intersections where direct crossings and a high concentration of pedestrian fatalities related to traffic accidents exist. A logit model was estimated using the data enrichment paradigm. Results show that pedestrians weigh risks and costs when choosing how to cross the road. The trajectories observed in the RP component suggest that people prefer direct crossings; nevertheless, pedestrian bridges and signalized intersections can be attractive alternatives if their location matches the origin or destination of the crossing, and no detour is needed to use them. Waiting time; safety; the fine imposed for jaywalking; personal security, and previous decisions are also variables that influence pedestrian behavior when crossing urban roads. These results can be helpful to urban planners and decision-makers interested in proposing appropriate pedestrian infrastructure. The data pooling technique and the inclusion of a cost-related variable (i.e., fine) allowed computing the willingness to pay and marginal substitution rates for attributes of the built environment and other characteristics associated with the crossing decision. Also, the inclusion of several crossing alternatives and situations allowed assessing pedestrian crossing preferences under different scenarios.

Calculations of electron-impact excitation and dielectronic recombination rate coefficients of highly charged silicon ions

The rate coefficients for dielectronic recombination and electron-impact excitation processes with H-like to Be-like silicon ions (${\mathrm{Si}}^{13+}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Si}}^{10+}$) are calculated using relativistic distorted-wave approach. The prominent $▵n=1$ and the weaker $▵n=2$ and 3 dielectronic recombination (DR) resonances with $K$-shell excitations are presented, and compared with the existing DR experimental rate coefficients of ${\mathrm{Si}}^{13+}, {\mathrm{Si}}^{12+}$, and ${\mathrm{Si}}^{11+}$ ions, it is found that the theoretical DR rate coefficients are in very good agreement with the experimental results. With the same approach, the direct and resonant electron-impact excitation (EIE) cross sections associated with $1s\ensuremath{-}{n}^{\ensuremath{'}}{l}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ core excitations are calculated for the ground states of ${\mathrm{Si}}^{13+}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Si}}^{10+}$ ions and found in excellent agreement with the available experiment. Finally, we present the synthesized DR and EIE rate coefficients for the sum of all detected $(13+\ensuremath{\sim}10+)$ charge states of Si and these agree well with the experimental results.

Addendum to “Invisible Higgs decay width versus dark matter direct detection cross section in Higgs portal dark matter models”

This article is an addendum to Ref.~\cite{Baek:2014jga}. Here, we discuss the invisible Higgs decay width $\Gamma_{h}^{\rm inv}$ in the Higgs portal vector dark matter (VDM) model in the limit $m_V \rightarrow 0^+$. In the effective field theory (EFT) approach where the VDM mass is attributed to the St\"{u}ckelberg mechanism, $( \Gamma_{h}^{\rm inv} )_{\rm EFT}$ is divergent, which is unphysical and puzzling. On the other hand $( \Gamma_{h}^{\rm inv} )_{\rm UV}$ becomes finite in a UV completion, where the VDM mass is generated by the dark Higgs mechanism. Then we can take the limit $m_V \rightarrow 0^+$ by taking either {\it (i)} the dark gauge coupling $g_X \rightarrow 0^+$ with a fixed dark Higgs vacuum expectation value $v_\Phi$, or {\it (ii)} $v_\Phi \to 0^+$ with a fixed $g_X$. Such a difference in the behavior of $\Gamma_{h}^{\rm inv}$ in the massless VDM limit demonstrates another limitation of EFT for the Higgs portal VDM, and the importance of gauge-invariant and renormalizable models for the Higgs portal VDM.

Potential of Gynoecious Line in Generating Superior Heterotic Hybrids in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

An experiment was designed to find out the extent of heterosis in bitter gourd using gynoecious line, KAU- MCGy-101 and three monoecious lines viz., Preethi, Priyanka, and MC133. Hybrids were generated by both direct and reciprocal crosses. All the hybrids exhibited earliness in terms of days to first female flower opening, node bearing first female flower, and days to first harvest. The hybrid KAU-MCGy-101 × Priyanka exhibited significantly higher heterosis with regard to heterobeltiosis (-16.03 %) and standard heterosis (-18.63 %) for days to first female flower opening. All the six hybrids manifested significant standard heterosis for sex ratio in the desirable negative direction, ranged from 44.25 to -55.52 %. The highest yield was recorded in the hybrid KAU-MCGy-101 × Priyanka (22.88 t/ha) and was followed by KAU-MCGy-101 × Preethi (20.42 t/ha) and KAU-MCGy-101 × MC 133 (20.05 t/ha). Heterobeltiosis for yield (t/ha) varied from 14.72 to 57.85 % and the standard heterosis ranged between 37.59 to 89.31 %. The best performing hybrids were KAU-MCGy-101 × Preethi, KAU-MCGy-101 × Priyanka, and KAU-MCGy-101 × MC 133 with respect toearliness, number of fruits per plant, and yield. Thus, the superiority of hybrids having gynoecious line as a maternal parent is prominent in the present study.

A Direct AC Cross Conductive Sensor for Milk Quality Measurement

Milk adulteration by various impurities, such as water, whey, and urea, and some other harmful chemicals is an important issue in different countries in the world. Traditionally, analytical instruments are used for milk quality analysis. These instruments are accurate but these are complex, expensive, inconvenient for field use, and require laborious skilled procedures to get the reading. Portable sensors-based instruments working on direct/indirect transduction phenomena are also reported in the literature. Most commonly, the conductive sensors with selective sensing films are used for detecting the milk impurities but such sensors require calibration and show drift due to aging. There is a need to develop a rapid, accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective simple working detection system. This article presents the theory, design, fabrication, and test results of an accurate and simple working prototype model of an ac cross-conductance sensor for milk adulteration detection. The structure of the sensor has four conductive brass electrodes, arranged in the form of a concentric cylinder, with narrow gaps among them. The sensor was fabricated and tested in the laboratory environment to analyze the quality of 1) drinking water having different total dissolved solids (TDS) and 2) milk having different amounts of impurities, such as water, whey, and urea. The sensor can differentiate between pure and adulterated milk with significant resolution and precision.

Spatial Downscaling of Vegetation Productivity in the Forest From Deep Learning

Accurately estimating vegetation productivity in the forest areas is important for studying the terrestrial ecosystem and carbon cycles. Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) vegetation production datasets provide new long-term basic products of gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP) for monitoring the issues related with carbon exchange and carbon storage. But the coarse spatial resolution of the GLASS GPP/NPP products have limited their application in ecosystem service assessment in regional scales. In this paper, a spatial downscaling method based on GLASS vegetation production datasets and four typical deep learning methods (deep neural network, convolutional neural network, back propagation neural network and recurrent neural network) was proposed to generate high resolution GPP/NPP in the forest areas in the upper Luanhe River basin in the north of Hebei Province in China. Then the downscaled GPP/NPP were validated with ground measurement data and reference high resolution GPP/NPP data, and the accuracy of downscaled GPP/NPP from different deep learning methods were compared. Results of this paper indicated the applicability and feasibility of deep learning methods in downscaling GPP/NPP. Direct validation and cross validation demonstrated that downscaled GPP/NPP using convolutional neural network obtained the highest accuracy.

Shades

Neutron capture reactions are the main contributors to the synthesis of the heavy elements through the s-process. Together with 13C(α, n)16O, which has recently been measured by the LUNA collaboration in an energy region inside the Gamow peak, 22Ne(α, n)25Mg is the other main neutron source in stars. Its cross section is mostly unknown in the relevant stellar energy (450 keV < Ecm < 750 keV), where only upper limits from direct experiments and highly uncertain estimates from indirect sources exist. The ERC project SHADES (UniNa/INFN) aims to provide for the first time direct cross section data in this region and to reduce the uncertainties of higher energy resonance parameters. High sensitivity measurements will be performed with the new LUNA-MV accelerator at the INFN-LNGS laboratory in Italy: the energy sensitivity of the SHADES hybrid neutron detector, together with the low background environment of the LNGS and the high beam current of the new accelerator promises to improve the sensitivity by over 2 orders of magnitude over the state of the art, allowing to finally probe the unexplored low-energy cross section. Here we present an overview of the project and first results on the setup characterization.

Transfusion Strategy for Rare Anti-LW Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Patients with Neonatal Hemolytic Disease

To analyze the causes of positive irregular antibody screening test and incompatibility of cross matching in one patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia complicated with neonatal hemolytic disease, and to accurately identify the type of antibodies in patients, and to select a reasonable strategy for blood transfusion. One children was enrolled, blood group positive and reverse typing, Rh typing, direct anti-human globulin test, free test, dispersal test and cross matching test were carried out by test tube method and microcolumn gel card; irregular antibodies were identified by the reaction of DTT treatment and untreated panel cells with patients' plasma. The blood group of the patient was RhD positive B and irregular antibody screening positive, while the blood group of the mother was RhD positive O and irregular anti-screening negative, the result showed that the anti-LW detected in the plasma of the patient was autoantibody and ABO neonatal hemolytic disease (ABO-HDN) was present. Both O type RhD positive washing RBCs and B type RhD negative RBCs were transfused effectively. Irregular antibodies in patients are anti-LW antibodies, and transfusion of homotype RhD negative suspended erythrocytes after the exclusion of ABO-HDN shows a better effect.

Binary-Encounter Model for Direct Ionization of Molecules by Positron-Impact

We introduce two models for the computation of direct ionization cross sections by positron impact over a wide range of collision energies. The models are based on the binary-encounter-Bethe model and take into account an extension of the Wannier theory. The cross sections computed with these models show good agreement with experimental data. The extensions improve the agreement between theory and experiment for collision energies between the first ionization threshold and the peak of the cross section. The models are based on a small set of parameters, which can be computed with standard quantum chemistry program packages.

Population biology of accessory gland-expressed de novo genes in Drosophila melanogaster.

Early work on de novo gene discovery in Drosophila was consistent with the idea that many such genes have male-biased patterns of expression, including a large number expressed in the testis. However, there has been little formal analysis of variation in the abundance and properties of de novo genes expressed in different tissues. Here, we investigate the population biology of recently evolved de novo genes expressed in the Drosophila melanogaster accessory gland, a somatic male tissue that plays an important role in male and female fertility and the post mating response of females, using the same collection of inbred lines used previously to identify testis-expressed de novo genes, thus allowing for direct cross tissue comparisons of these genes in two tissues of male reproduction. Using RNA-seq data, we identify candidate de novo genes located in annotated intergenic and intronic sequence and determine the properties of these genes including chromosomal location, expression, abundance, and coding capacity. Generally, we find major differences between the tissues in terms of gene abundance and expression, though other properties such as transcript length and chromosomal distribution are more similar. We also explore differences between regulatory mechanisms of de novo genes in the two tissues and how such differences may interact with selection to produce differences in D. melanogaster de novo genes expressed in the two tissues.

Investigation of the potential direct and cross protection effects of sublethal injured Salmonella Typhimurium induced by radio frequency heating stress

Many studies demonstrated that radio frequency (RF) was an effective pasteurization method for low-moisture foods (LMFs), and our previous study confirmed RF heating stress generated sublethal injured cells (SICs) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in red pepper powder with initial aw ≥ 0.53. So this study investigated the potential direct protection and cross protection effects of the SICs of S. Typhimurium to multiple stresses, and analyzed fatty acid composition and cell morphology. Results showed that the SICs were repaired after incubating for 5 h, and there were no obvious direct and cross protection effects by exposing to different external stresses (heat, 15% ethanol, pH 3.0 acid buffer solution, 10% salt). According to the fatty acid composition analysis, no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) was observed for SICs of S. Typhimurium and control cells, indicating the same membrane fluidity which can support the experimental results. This study investigated and confirmed there are no direct and cross protection effects for the SICs of S. Typhimurium induced by RF heating stress, and it would be helpful for deeply understand the response of pathogens under RF heating stress.

Temperature-dependent direct photodissociation cross sections and rates of AlCl

ABSTRACT The photodissociation process of aluminium monochloride (AlCl) plays an important role in modelling the chemistry of the circumstellar envelope. In this work, direct photodissociation cross sections of AlCl have been computed for transitions from the ground X1Σ+ state to six low-lying excited electronic states by using ab initio potential energy curves and transition dipole moments, which are obtained by the internally contracted multireference configuration-interaction method with Davidson correction and the aug-cc-pV6Z basis set. State-resolved cross sections for transitions from 38 958 rovibrational levels (υ″ ≤ 100, J″ ≤ 400) of the ground X1Σ+ state have been obtained for photon wavelengths from 500 Å to the dissociation threshold. Photodissociation cross sections in local thermal equilibrium are evaluated for gas temperatures from 500 to 10 000 K. Using the computed cross sections, temperature-dependent photodissociation rates of AlCl in the interstellar and blackbody radiation fields are determined. The results can be applied to the investigation of the chemical evolution of Al in the envelope of carbon-rich and oxygen-rich stars.