Indonesian Diplomacy Research Articles

An Analysis of South Korean TRUST Diplomacy toward Indonesia in Pandemic Covid-19

This paper analyzes the factors that influenced South Korea to issue TRUST diplomacy and made Indonesia as the object of its diplomacy during the Covid-19 pandemic. In previous year before Covid-19 outbreak, Indonesia and South Korea had experienced stagnation in strategic economic cooperation negotiations, but the two countries managed to reach the agreement in the early of 2020. This research will use qualitative research methods. Based on William D. Coplin's theory of foreign policy making, it was found that domestic political conditions, the influence of sentiment on trade liberalization from the business group, the decline in South Korean exports due to the trade war and South Korea's relations with Japan, and South Korea's status as a middle power country in the world as well as Indonesia's position as a bridge for South Korea to enter the ASEAN market which is the biggest driving factor for South Korea to carry out TRUST diplomacy in Indonesia. South Korea took advantage of the pandemic momentum to appear to form a positive image and increase the confidence of its strategic partner countries

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL NORMS AND PRACTICES IN INDONESIAN DIPLOMACY 1962-1969 IN MAINTAINING WEST IRIAN AS AN INSEPARABLE PART OF THE UNITARY STATE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

<p>It can be said that issues about Papua that often come to the surface are always associated with the legal aspect of the entry of Papua into an inseparable part of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Groups that want Papua to be separated from the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia not only seek support from countries such as Solomon Island or Vanuatu but also voice it to the United Nations forum. In this regard, a historical reflection is needed to provide an overview with an academic approach regarding the validity of Indonesia's claim to the territory of Papua as an inseparable part of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This study aims to determine international legal practices that are relevant to the legitimacy of West Irian being part of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia and Indonesia's diplomacy in international forums in defending Papua. This study uses a historical approach in the form of a systematic literature review through source collection and is interpreted to answer the focus of this research. The results showed that Indonesia's success in defending Papua after independence was influenced by mastery of the rules of international law, the spirit of struggle of Indonesian diplomats at that time, and international legal practices related to the right to be independent and free from colonialism</p>

Indonesian Diplomacy to Become a Non-Permanent Member of the UN Security Council 2019-2020

The UN Security Council has 15 members divided into two types of membership, namely permanent members and non-permanent members. This research describes and analyzes phenomena, such as events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, thoughts of people individually or in groups. This study seeks to explore Indonesia's strategy and diplomacy to be elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council (UNSC) for the 2019-2020 period. Indonesia is actively contributing to peace, humanity, and prosperity in the region and globally. This variable is the primary consideration for UN member states to support Indonesia. Another reason besides that is inseparable from the maturing of democracy in Indonesia. UN member states view Indonesia as a tolerant country, where Islam and democracy go together. Indonesia will strengthen the global peace and stability ecosystem. For this reason, Indonesia will encourage a culture of dialogue so that conflict resolution can always exist peacefully. Indonesia will also seek to increase the synergy between regional organizations and the UN Security Council in maintaining peace and increasing the capacity of UN peacekeepers, including the role of women.

MENJADI ISTRI DIPLOMAT: HURUSTIATI SOEBANDRIO DALAM MEMBENTUK CITRA INDONESIA DI INGGRIS 1947-1954

In the history of Indonesian diplomacy, there have been several outstanding diplomat figures who have made achievements, such as Soebandrio. Then, it is important to realize that the success of Soebandrio in connecting Indonesia with the world when he was in London and Moscow; and his role in various significant state missions cannot be apart from his wife’s role, Hurustiati Soebandrio. During Soebandrio’s career, Hurustiati’s diplomatic role began when her husband became the Indonesian Ambassador in London, at least from 1947 to 1954. During that time, Hurustiati took part in various efforts to build a good image of Indonesia to support the implementation of foreign policy. This study focuses on examining the role of Hurustiati Soebandrio as a wife of a diplomat from 1947 to 1954. Therefore, the study aims to present the role of women as diplomatic wives in the writing of the history of Indonesian diplomacy. In general, it also aims to encourage the writing of a history of diplomacy that pays attention to the role of women. This study employed the historical method by placing archives, magazines, and newspapers as primary sources. The study shows three images of Indonesia that Hurustiati formed in London, namely Indonesia as an independent country, a country that try to reach gender equality, and a multicultural county. To achieve these three images, Hurustiati made various efforts, such as giving official lectures, holding talks with diplomatic officials and their wives, and initiating exhibitions.

The Role of The State in Implementing Gastro Diplomacy Through Saprahan at The Temajuk Border of Indonesia

Saprahan is an eating tradition that developed in the Malaysia community in the Sambas area. The implementation practice is full of positive values and meanings in describing the identity of the Sambas Malaysia community, which has potential in Indonesian gastro diplomacy. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the state's role in gastro diplomacy through Saprahan at the Temajuk Sambas border. This research is a literature study that focuses on the Saprahan tradition in the Indonesia-Malaysia border area in Temajuk Village, West Kalimantan. The data is obtained through books, journals, and online sources by entering keywords; gastro diplomacy, Saprahan, and Temajuk. The results obtained from the study can be described that specifically, the state's role in implementing gastro diplomacy through saprahan at the Temajuk Sambas border has not functioned as gastro diplomacy. However, from a historical point of view, its value and meaning, the saprahan tradition has excellent potential in Indonesian gastro diplomacy efforts in the border area between Indonesia and Malaysia. This is supported by the development of tourism in Temajuk, attracting local tourists to foreign tourists to promote culinarily and eating traditions where the intimate communication space that can be created through the tradition of eating saprahan makes it easier to negotiate and make decisions.

Indonesian Defense Diplomacy in Achieving Cyber Security Through ADMM-Plus 2014-2019

Cyber ??security issues began to emerge along with advances in the field of information technology and the rapid increase in internet use. However, the greater the need for the internet in the daily activities of the world community, the more potential international security threats arise from activities within the cyber scope. Given the "borderless" nature of cybercrime, it is necessary to deal with other countries. Indonesia's participation in ADMM-Plus illustrates Indonesia's efforts to achieve national interests, namely cyber security through the external environment. This study aims to discuss Indonesia's defense diplomacy in achieving cyber security through ADMM-Plus 2014-2019. By using defense diplomacy theory and qualitative methods, this research illustrates that Indonesia's diplomacy in ADMM-Plus is still at an early stage, so it is difficult to say that the diplomacy has not been maximized. However, the presence of ADMM-Plus has a positive impact on Indonesia, especially in terms of cyber security.

Analyzing the practice of South Korea’s public diplomacy in Indonesia: An approach with communication pyramid of public diplomacy

The dissemination of South Korean culture in Indonesia becomes prominent as it attracts lot of people and creates many fans. The penetration of its spread in Indonesia is supported by some institutions which emphasizes on advocating and developing the South Korean culture and practice. The phenomena are not incidentally occurred, but it is well-managed by the government of South Korea as the advocate country of public diplomacy in collaboration with the target country which is Indonesia in achieving this mission. Public diplomacy is positioned as an approach of the advocate country to influence the public of foreign country to support the advocate’s country position which can be implemented through their state and non-sate actors in achieving mutual benefits. This paper observes the practice, impact, and challenges of South Korea’s public diplomacy in Indonesia based on Communication Pyramid Public Diplomacy framework. The findings show that the practice of public diplomacy allows cultural hybridity and increase enthusiasm of Indonesian in understanding the culture of the advocate country while the challenge is asymmetric direction between state and non-state actors of South Korea in the implementation of public diplomacy.

The Strategy of Indonesian Diplomacy Efforts and National Political Interests in the Ethnic Rohingya Refugee Conflict

The tragedy of ethnic Rohingya stems from the discriminatory treatment experienced decades ago in Myanmar. The lack of attention from the international community and humanitarian aid efforts for the Rohingya ethnic group in Myanmar has resulted in the wave of refugees fleeing from Myanmar to other countries is increasing, causing a sense of insecurity and instability in the region, especially South and Southeast Asia. This article aims to look at Indonesia's diplomacy strategy and Indonesia's national interests in the ASEAN region towards resolving the Rohingya ethnic conflict. This research observes Indonesia's national interest in this issue using a realism approach. The research was conducted using qualitative methods through literature studies and These data are analyzed, then described, or interpreted to obtain a complete picture of the answers to the problems under study. The results of the study found that the Indonesian government used a humanitarian diplomacy strategy as a bridge towards resolving cases of the Rohingya ethnicity in Myanmar. It was also found that Indonesia's interests in resolving Rohingya ethnic refugees have an interest in the security and political aspect, not just morality. Indonesia's humanitarian diplomacy role as a driver of democracy has been well received not only by the junta community but also by the international community.

INDONESIA STRATEGY OF DIPLOMACY IN PROTECTING FEMALE MIGRANT WORKERS (TKW) IN SAUDI ARABIA DURING THE JOKOWI PERIOD

TKW is an Indonesian resident who meets the prerequisites to work abroad in a business relationship for a certain period. However, there are several problems in the implementation process, such as problems with pre-placement, placement period, and post-placement, which are considered to have many loopholes and are insufficient to protect TKW in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to determine the strategy of Indonesian diplomacy in the protection of Indonesian female workers (Tkw) in Saudi Arabia in the Jokowi era. The study results show that TKW is entitled to protection from their country of origin, namely Indonesia. In addition to the formation of several laws, there are also efforts being made. Such efforts include sending a letter to the King of Saudi Arabia, holding a meeting between the two countries, pleading with Saudi Arabia to protect TKW, who was sentenced to beheading. The request was made not only through letters but also through discussions between the country's two leaders.

Indonesia's South-South and Triangular Cooperation (SSTC) as the Future of Diplomacy for World Solidarity to Overcome the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic that started in China has expanded throughout the world. As a result, all countries have to face various challenges due to the Corona Virus. It does not only threaten the health, but also the economy, social, culture and politics of almost all countries. The worst conditions are faced by many developing countries that are unable to overcome the various adverse effects caused by the virus.However, currently, there is no world leadership yet capable to overcome the Corona Virus problem for all countries. Treatment tends to be domestic and unilateral. To solve the pandemic, there is a south-south cooperation framework known as SSTC. Collaboration and partnerships between southern countries are important because more developing countries are facing the impact of the virus. Indonesia as one of the successful actors operating SSTC since 2010 can use this framework of cooperation as solidarity with other southern countries.In this article, a descriptive qualitative approach is used to explain and analyze the conditions that occur concerning the theories. The author uses the theory of Soft Power and International Assistance, aims to explain how Indonesia's diplomacy policy through the SSTC is the finding that Indonesia conducted a series of assistance and training to various countries during the Pandemic. This paper contributes to showing Indonesia's consistent policy and position to overcoming COVID-19 towards several developing countries. However, Indonesia needs consistenantyto increase its role in handling the Corona Virus in various developing countries.

Review of International Law (Lex Specialis) on the Problems of the South China Sea (SSS) Boundary Conflict and the View of Indonesia's Diplomacy

The South China Sea (SCS) is a geographical area that is rich in natural resources such as crude oil and is a very strategic area of ​​the economy. The SCS is surrounded by several littoral states which cause conflicts between coastal countries over the right to power over South China. There are at least 9 countries conflicting with each other in the SCS, such as the People's Republic of China (PRC), Taiwan, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Burma and Indonesia. The problem became even more serious when the Declaration of Decision of the International Court of Justice or the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) as the highest international institution was opposed by China because it was considered detrimental and weakening China's power. This research aims to specifically discuss the geographical position of the SCS and international law (especially UNCLOS), diplomacy issues in the maritime sector, how to regulate sea areas according to international law and disputes that occur in the SCS and the role of Indonesian diplomacy in responding to the decision of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

Analisis Jejaring Sosial sebagai Bentuk Diplomasi Digital Indonesia dengan Negara Kawasan Eropa Timur

This research aims to analyze the pattern of Indonesian diplomacy with countries in the Eastern European region using a quantitative approach and Social Network Analysis methods. In this research data collection uses the Twitter Developer API tools which are then processed using Gephi 0.9.2 and Microsoft Excel tools. In today's digital era, communication between actors can not only be done through physical meetings. The impact of these technological and communication developments has provided a shift in the implementation of diplomacy between countries. This encourages each country to make adaptations in improving its diplomatic relations. As one of the steps to face the technological and communication revolution, diplomacy between countries is established through digital diplomacy. Digital diplomacy is a diplomatic activity that is carried out using digital instruments, in this case, social media.

China’s Implementation of Panda Diplomacy in Indonesia: A Review of Constructivist Perspectives

Bilateral relations between China and Indonesia have increased in recent years. Indonesia considers as a strategic partner of China in Southeast Asia. The application of Panda Diplomacy is proof that China considers Indonesia as a friendly country that has a significant meaning. Through the application of Panda Diplomacy, China strives to show a face that is friendly and does not pose a threat to other countries. In this article, we will discuss how the implementation of Panda Diplomacy by China in strengthening bilateral relations between China and Indonesia which will analyse through a constructivist perspective. This perspective views that the performance of Panda Diplomacy is a diplomacy tool and a symbol of friendship to shape a better Chinese image and identity. Here Constructivists see that Panda Diplomacy is a form of symbolic interaction. In carrying out panda diplomacy, indeed, China Government has thought of any strategies that can help in smoothing their national interests. So, Constructivists see this as an ideational focus on intersubjective beliefs as ideas, conceptions, and assumptions. However, there are other interests that China wants to achieve through a close relationship with Indonesia

Politik Diplomasi Masa Revolusi Menuju Pengakuan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (1946-1949)

This paper aims to find out how the politics of diplomacy in the early days of independence, especially during the Syarir Cabinet to Hatta Cabinet, and to explain how the efforts of the Indonesian political elite to address diplomatic politics in the face of aggression and to analyze the role of third parties in Indonesian diplomacy. The method used in this research is a qualitative method, namely fact finding with the correct interpretation. Descriptive research is to study problems in society and the procedures that apply in society. The method used is literature study with data collection techniques by conducting a review study of books, literature, notes, and reports that have to do with the problem being solved. The conclusion of this research is that the political attitudes of the various Indonesian elites, the first group is that the government prioritizes the political path of diplomacy rather than armed resistance or 100 percent independence. The attitude of this first group is more influenced by the education they have received since studying in the Netherlands, among the first group are; Hatta, Syahrir, Setiadjid, Abdul Majid and Amir Syarifuddin and Agus Salim. This group believes that de jure the Netherlands is still strong and has the support of its allies such as Britain and America. Meanwhile, the second group who chose the armed or guerrilla resistance method in achieving 100 percent independence among this group was more than the opposition and military figures such as Tan Malaka, Panglima Sudirman and the leaders of the Masyumi and PNI parties. This conflict caused Sudirman to choose Guerrilla as the right way to achieve 100 percent independence. The conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands ultimately requires American involvement in resolving the dispute between the two countries. This was proven by the US for the second time issuing a UN resolution to pressure the Netherlands to want to surrender sovereignty to the Indonesian republic even though under certain conditions, such as the Netherlands has not recognized the states belonging to the Republic of Indonesia and Papua. Then the independence of the Republic of Indonesia still has the remaining debt to the Dutch. Keywords : Politics, Diplomacy, Revolution, Independence

Nature Republic dan Innisfree Sebagai Soft Power Brand Ambasador and Personality Korea Selatan di Indonesia

Brand Ambassador is an instrument of achieving the interests of the state which is popularly used South Korea as one example of countries that use their Brand Using (Hallyu) as the mediums to get achieved success in Indonesia. in 2002, Indonesia began to look at South Korea by showing Korean drama with the introduction of Korean drama in Indonesia through private television. The reason for the development of Korean pop culture (Korean Wave) in Indonesia is the embodiment of globalization. In the communication and cultural dimensions, South Korea is increasingly recognized by the Indonesian public drama that aired in Indonesia became the gateway for the entry of other Korean cultural products or known by the name Hallyu / Korean Wave, such as Korean pop music (K-Pop), Korean food (K-Food ), and Korean language and letters (Hangeul). It also makes many products made in Korea also enter Indonesia, including cosmetics, automotive, electronics, etc. As a form of Korean Nation Brand in Indonesia. So, Indonesian people can feel about (Hallyu) that came in. The purpose of this study will look at how Indonesia's attitude in responding to it and what is driving Indonesia's response to the phenomenon of Korean Skincare that uses as Diplomacy in Indonesia.

Diplomasi Kiai Nahdlatul ‘Ulama (NU) Melalui Konferensi Ulama Internasional

As the largest religious organization, Nahdlatul Ulama has had an international role since its inception. One of these roles is realized through the holding of several international conferences. This article aims to explain the reasons of these conferences and to describe the activities and contributions to the world and especially towards Indonesian foreign policy. This qualitative research used documentary/ literature study in collecting data. The research found that ideational motivation related to the logic of appropriateness (the call) to spread the teachings of Islam rahmatan lil alamin was the reason for the establishment. The conferences gave positive contribution as religious epistemic community, in building network, and in the framework of Islamic and western relations. Towards Indonesian foreign policy, these conferences, firstly emphasized the washathiyah / moderate character of Indonesian Islam which has proven to be compatible with democracy and modernity. Secondly, the thoughts and recommendations generated are valuable inputs for policy makers. Thirdly, the ulama network also has sharpen Indonesia's diplomacy in area Indonesia foreign policy implementation.
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 Key Words: Diplomacy, Conference, Ideational Motivation, Cononstructivism, Contributioni.

Indonesian Cultural Diplomacy and the First International Gamelan Festival and Symposium at Expo 86

Indonesian Cultural Diplomacy and the First International Gamelan Festival and Symposium at Expo 86

Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia di dalam Rezim Ekonomi G20 pada Masa Pemerintahan Joko Widodo

Penelitian ini menjawab bagaimana strategi diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia di dalam forum ekonomi global G20. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, studi kepustakaan serta konsep diplomasi ekonomi untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi diplomasi Indonesia yang diimplementasikan melalui rencana strategis nasional dalam forum G20 membentuk pola diplomasi ekonomi menyangkut perdagangan, komersial dan finansial. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini adalah membuktikan akan karakter diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia di forum G20 sebagai negara yang berada dalam kluster evolving. Manajemen ekonomi eksternal dan kebijakan melalui koordinasi antar kementerian; promosi perdagangan yang merupakan integrasi dari upaya politik dan ekonomi; promosi investasi secara aktif oleh Kemlu, khususnya melalui duta besar dan BKPM. Peran dan diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia ini merupakan komitmen untuk menjaga stabilitas ekonomi nasional, regional dan internasional sebagai bentuk kepentingan nasional dan kepentingan internasional.

Diplomasi Budaya Jepang dan Korea Selatan di Indonesia tahun 2020: Studi Komparasi

Products of the creative industry, which falls under the category of culturalproducts, represent one of soft power instruments capable of influencingpolicy-making processes. Japan and South Korea are two states that haveimplemented internationalization strategies on their creative industryproducts in order to boost economy. In addition to becoming sectors thatcontribute to the economy, by the means of the Korean Hallyu and CoolJapan, the creative industries of Japan and South Korea have becomeinstruments of cultural diplomacy aimed at influencing public opinionson both states. In Indonesia, differences in the development strategiesimplemented by both states have influenced the degree of success in theircultural diplomacy. This research aims to identify differences betweenthe strategies implemented by Japan and South Korea in conductingcultural diplomacy in Indonesia. This research has found that the culturaldiplomacy conducted by Japan has been less successful due to the lackof incorporation of cultural values in its internationalization strategy, aswell as the lack of government support for its creative industry.

Applying Soft Power Diplomacy through Instituto Italiano di Cultura to Promote Italian Culture

A soft power diplomacy is one of ways of a state to spread away cultural elements. Such as language, arts, and natural riches. Instituto Italiano di Cultura is one of centers of culture that has significance for Italy in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the efforts of Italian government in promoting the Italian cultures in Indonesia through Instituto Italiano di Cultura . The diplomatic relationship and national importance of the Italian government in Indonesia and ASEAN countries was one of factors that acknowledged the establishing of Italian center of culture in Indonesia. This study qualitatively used diplomacy approach with an analysis of Soft Power Diplomacy theory by Joseph Nye. As result, this study has found that the transmission of foreign policy of a state which was dominantly using Hard Power are now heading to Soft Power. Through Instituto Italiano di Cultura , the Italian government has seen a potency in the use of culture in national importance of a state and found effective. Besides, there were three matters used as media for soft power diplomacy of Instituto Italiano di Cultura in Indonesia, namely through language, education, and arts. These three matters were highly correlated one another to realize the objective of Italian diplomacy in Indonesia. Therefore, this study could conclude that a diplomacy in the mode of soft power was more effective than a diplomacy through politics. Keywords: bilateral cooperation; center of culture; soft power diplomacy; international relations; diplomacy DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-17-02 Publication date: October 31 st 2020