Indonesian Diplomacy Research Articles

Humanitarian Diplomacy for Indonesian Public Diplomacy in South East Asia

Human values continue to experience developments in the dynamics of the international community. Indonesia is a country that has a concern for these human values. Many Indonesian diplomacy activities were carried out on the basis of human values, such as in the humanitarian diplomacy scheme. This study aims to look at the relationship between humanitarian diplomacy and Indonesian public diplomacy, especially in Southeast Asia. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative with a literature study approach. The results showed that there was a positive contribution from the implementation of humanitarian diplomacy towards Indonesian public diplomacy. This positive value is seen from the presence of the governments of the countries in the Southeast Asia region towards Indonesia's foreign policy.

INDONESIA’S DIPLOMACY EFFORTS IN HANDLING CASES OF INDONESIAN LABOR OVERSTAYERS IN SAUDI ARABIA

This study analyzes the eflorts of Indonesian diplomacy in dealing with the problems of overstayers Indonesian Workers (TKI) in Saudi Arabia. Overstayers TKIs are Indonesian workers who exceed the residence permit limit in Saudi Arabia. Several reasons for migrant workers in Saudi Arabia to become overstayed, include migrants who run away from employers so that they become illegal migrants, ex-pilgrims who work illegally, and Indonesian citizens who enter on a visitor visa, calling visa or calling work visa to work at Saudi Arabia. Overstayers TKIs in Saudi Arabia face immigration problems. They do not have complete documents to work in Saudi Arabia, so they are declared illegal migrant workers and do not get social security and legal protection. The condition of overstayers TKI who were displaced under the Kandara bridge in Jeddah as well as in shelters that are not fit to be in the public spotlight. The Indonesian government is demanded to immediately address the overstayers TKI problem. The concept used in this research is diplomacy. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. This study aims to determine the problems of overstayers TKI, as well as Indonesia’s diplomacy eflorts in dealing with these problems. From the results of the study, it was found that the eflorts made by the Government of Indonesia were to conduct diplomacy against the government of Saudi Arabia to request amnesty (forgiveness) for all overstayers TKIs as well as the ease of returning the troubled migrant workers back to Indonesia. The overstayers TKI handling program in 2011 was gradual repatriation of 7,926 people with a repatriation scheme using commercial aircraft and ships “KM. Labobar”.

Paradiplomacy Pemerintah Kota Bandung Melalui Kerja Sama Sister City

Various forms of international cooperation that have been carried out by the Bandung City include receipt of grant funds, short-term investments, infrastructure assistance, youth exchanges, scholarships, and cultural cooperation. The paradigm forms other than consisting of investment searches also consist of sister cities, the establishment of joint projects, and various forms of delegation delivery carried out between subnational actors. The position of this study seeks to examine the involvement of city governments, especially Bandung City in carrying out their foreign relations, which then focuses on understanding how the sister city concept that has been widely practiced in various countries can be seen through the paradigm approach in Indonesia. The paradigm of Bandung City in the form of a sister city with its city partners has resulted in several benefits as well as opportunities to improve the welfare of the city community while participating in national development especially in developing Indonesian diplomacy.

Diplomasi Digital Sebagai Dampak Pandemi Global Covid-19: Studi Kasus Diplomasi Indonesia Di Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (Pbb)

The background of this article is the existence of a global pandemic COVID-19 which has an impact in various fields. This article seeks to explore the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on information and communications technology (ICT) in the form of digital diplomacy. Exploration is carried out by investigating the case of Indonesian diplomacy at the United Nations (UN) in March, April, and May 2020. The main concept in this article is digital diplomacy. This concept illustrates the use of ICT as a means of diplomacy for state actors and changes at the policy and institutional levels. This article found various digital diplomacy activities from the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations in New York, United States during the global pandemic COVID-19. These activities include: 1) coordination with Indonesia's Embassy and Consulate General in the United States to protect Indonesian citizens; 2) participation in UN Security Council virtual meeting to discuss international peace and security issues; and 3) participation in other UN bodies virtual meetings to discuss international development issues. This article argues that the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic in the field of ICT is reflected in Indonesia's digital diplomacy at the United Nations. The global pandemic COVID-19 changed the means and tools used by Indonesian diplomats to gather information, negotiations, and responses on international issues. Even so, Indonesian diplomacy at the UN continues to run optimally.

A Diplomatic Counter-revolution: Indonesian diplomacy and the invasion of East Timor

AbstractThis article reinterprets the Indonesian invasion of East Timor as a ‘diplomatic counter-revolution’. Using the central archival records of the Suharto regime for the first time in English-language scholarship, it unearths a diplomatic campaign undertaken by agents of the New Order to secure international support for an Indonesian invasion of East Timor. This diplomatic offensive spanned Southeast Asia, non-aligned and Afro-Asian networks, Western capitals, international institutions and media circuits, and global capital markets. Its success tipped the balance of power in Jakarta away from advocates of restraint like Adam Malik and towards advocates of annexation like Ali Murtopo. The diplomacy behind Indonesia's invasion of East Timor reveals that the architecture of globalization, lauded by some scholars as inherently liberatory, was in fact agnostic, capable of being turned to counter-revolutionary purposes in addition to revolutionary ones. And it suggests that diplomacy itself had been counter-revolutionized, as geopolitical and geoeconomic change combined to make the international system, particularly the states of the Global South, far more hostile to state-making claims and transformative world-making projects.

PENGUATAN KECERDASAN DIGITAL PEMUDA SEBAGAI BENTUK KETERLIBATAN DALAM TOTAL DIPLOMASI INDONESIA

The digital age encourages the flow of information to move quickly and shift the pattern of international relations. This has influenced the development of the total diplomacy scheme in supporting the achievement of Indonesia's diplomacy goals. In this program, we take international relations students of Slamet Riyadi University as activity partners. International Relations students should be able to engage in total diplomacy positively. They will be provided with digital intelligence according to the positive character of the nation is needed , so that they are able to contribute in growing Indonesia's positive image in the international eyes. This community service program would like to support Indonesia's efforts to collaborat e digital media in a total diplomacy scheme with student youth agents, through Strengthening Youth Digital Intelligence as a Form of Its Contribution to Indonesian Total Diplomacy. They were given socialization, training and assistance in creating content related to diplomacy. The series of activities lasted for six months, starting from the exploration to the distribution of video content made by them which was adjusted to the Indonesian diplomacy mission. Keyword : digital intelligence, Indonesia, total diplomacy , youth

Indonesia “Active Free” Strategic Culture in Maintaining the “Balance of the Power” on the Southeast Asia Area

The struggle for influence and power between west and east in the Southeast Asea Region needs to understand Indonesia's “Active Free” Strategic Culture as an indicator. Indonesia's neutrality in the regional political stage has been tested in the long history of ASEAN. Free and active strategic culture is a basic adaptive value that Indonesia has in understanding threats, the ability to respond to various interests and agreement not to interfere in the affairs of their respective countries. This study focuses on analyzing the free and active strategic culture in Indonesian defense diplomacy and analyzing how the Ministry of Defense uses the active and free strategic culture in strengthening Indonesia's defense diplomacy in the region of Southeast Asia. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenology approach. The results of the study show that officials at the Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, National Defense Institute, and Indonesia Defence University related to a free and active strategic culture in strengthening Indonesia's defense diplomacy in the Southeast Asian region. The conclusion is that the Free Active strategic culture is still relevant as an instrument to adapt and strengthen Indonesia's defense diplomacy in the Southeast Asia region. Keywords : Strategic Culture, Free Active, Strategic, Diplomacy, ASEAN and Defense Diplomacy DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/81-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

Indonesia's Diplomacy in North Natuna Sea in Confronting China to Protect National Interests

North Natuna Sea is become a concern, at the end of 2019 to February 2020 this area was illegally entered by Chinese fishing vessels who wanted to fishing, this vessel was escorted by the Chinese Coast Guard. This escort is in order to protect their fishing vessels from the pursuit of Indonesian patrol vessels. According to the them that they did not violate Indonesian territory, they said that the North Natuna Sea still belongs to Chinese territory. In the perspective of the international relations what is done by China can disrupt the stability of regional security. This research is a qualitative descriptive with secondary data collection. The formulation of the research question is what kind of diplomacy is being carried out by Indonesia towards China in the North Natuna Sea. The purpose of this research is to find the right diplomacy concept in dealing with the China in the North Natuna Sea.

Global Interreligious Dialogue: Diplomasi Kultural Dalam Kebijakan Dialog Agama Bilateral Indonesia

This study analyse Indonesia's cultural diplomacy through inter-state religious dialogue. Specifically, this study aims to find out the background of Indonesian cultural diplomacy, bilateral dialogue between religions and cultures and Indonesian bilateral diplomacy. Diplomacy is a way, with certain manners, that is used by a country to achieve the country's national interests in relations with other countries or with the international community. In the context of the former effectiveness of diplomacy, it requires political or economic support or a real economic, political, and military power, but now we know what is called cultural diplomacy, which in fact economic, political and military forces in certain cases is "counter productive". Bilateral dialogue is a conversation between two countries or more in an international discussion forum to improve cooperative relations in the economic, social, political, cultural and religious fields in the framework of creating a harmonious and peaceful religious life in the world including overcoming various global issues indicated threatening world security. Cultural diplomacy is part of public diplomacy (soft power diplomacy) with economic and cultural cooperation. Soft Power is the ability to get what you want by inviting and attracting the sympathy of others.

The Challenge of Indonesian Diplomacy Against Palm Oil Discrimination

ABSTRACTIndonesia will continue to face a discrimination of palm commodity in European Union in the next decade. The challenge the European black campaign against palm oil is not easy to overcome. Most of European people have a bad perception about palm oil. The issue of palm oil is not only about the forestation, but also it is influenced by bad perception on health and social impact. It is a time for Indonesian diplomacy to make a strategy to resolve this issue by improving public diplomacy through lobbying, corporate diplomacy and identification of stakeholders. Although in the European Parliament statement does not mention the elimination of palm oil, discrimination against palm oil will continue in the trilogy. Palm oil must face accusations from various interested parties such as NGOs and members of parliament who have relations with farmers in Europe. They have a strategy to phase out using palm oil for biofuels. The issue of palm oil is not only about a battle of the vegetable industry anymore, but it is more about politics to defend other vegetable oil in the market by disseminating any kind issues related to oil palm plantation. It must be deal with the total diplomacy taken by all stakeholders in Indonesia and in Europe. Key words: oil palm, public diplomacy, biofuels, European Parliament

Shifting Actors and Strategy in Indonesia’s Disaster Diplomacy After Tsunami Aceh 2004

ABSTRACTDiplomacy as a foreign policy instrument of certain states to attain its national interest has traditionally been the authority of the central government regarding to its adequate capability and authority than other actors. Indonesia has high rank on disaster vulnerability in the world. Disasters always have been more understood as lost factors than social capital factors. The 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh was a monumental history how managing disasters became a source of productive political and economic diplomacy. This paper will explain how the issue of natural disasters drove some new actors especially local government which has disaster prone areas to participate on disaster diplomacy activities and develop new strategy to manage and capitalize natural disaster into positive social capital to solve social problems, economic, political and social culture in disaster prone areas. The result of article show transformation of actor perceptions on disasters will affect disaster governance.Keywords: Indonesian disaster diplomacy, local government, para-diplomacy and International cooperation

PERAN DIPLOMASI INDONESIA DALAM KONFLIK ISRAEL-PALESTINA

<p>This article examined how Indonesian diplomacy has taken place in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Friction and armed clashes between Palestinian fighters and the Israeli military still occur and can even befall Palestinian civilians. Throught the history of Indonesia's closeness with Palestine, Indonesia is one of the countries actively calling for Palestinian independence with a two-state solution. The scientific relationship between Palestinian scholars and Indonesian students studying in Egypt made Palestine one of the countries that recognized Indonesia's independence with Egypt. Relations between the two countries continue today. This article is described using conflict resolution theory. Furthermore, the authors find the findings of Indonesia's diplomacy in resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Indonesia plays an active role through its role as a nonpermanent member of the UN Security Council. Even Indonesia opposed US President Donald Trump's policy on Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel and moves its embassy to Jerusalem. It is proven that Indonesia plays the role of co-sponsor, facilitator, mediator, participator, initiator, actor, motivator and justifier in helping resolve the IsraeliPalestinian conflict.</p>

Diplomasi Teknologi Indonesia dan Spanyol dalam Pengembangan Pesawat Baling-Baling

This research analyzes technological diplomacy in Indonesia and Spainrelations, especially in the field of the aerospace industry technology(propeller aircraft development) that is conducted by PT DirgantaraIndonesia and Airbus Military Spain. This research will explain thedevelopment process of aerospace industry and technology since 1975.Qualitative descriptive methodologies used in this research to obtainin-depth analysis. The result of the analysis shows that there is a closerelationship beyond just the institutional relationship, that is therelationship between the two countries in this technology diplomacy.From this study it can be concluded that the technology diplomacy thathas been running and manifestly implemented for over 40 years has getto both countries having a very close and profitable relationship. Therelationships and cooperation that can be said to be familial is believed byboth parties will continue into the future.

The Use of Multitrack Diplomacy in The Liberation Of 10 Indonesian Ship Crew From The Abu Sayyaf Group 2016

Indonesia was again shocked by the events of ship hijacking and hostage-taking of 10 Indonesian ship crew by the Abu Sayyaf separatist group in the Southern Philippines. This is not the first time for Indonesia where its citizens are held hostage by separatists, but the success of the Indonesian government in releasing hostages from Abu Sayyaf's group is interesting to discuss because 10 Indonesian ship crew members who were hostages were able to be released less than 3 months after the hijacking, without ransom and without firing contact. So the question arises as to how Indonesia’s diplomacy strategy is in the release of 10 Indonesian ship crew from the Abu Sayyaf group? In answering the above questions, the writer used the concept of diplomacy, multi-track diplomacy, and peacemaking. The results of this study are the diplomacy strategy used by Indonesia is Total Diplomacy where in addition to running the first track diplomacy also runs second track diplomacy involving track two (non-governmental and professional actors) and track four (civilian population). Keywords: Indonesian Diplomacy, Abu Sayyaf, Multi-Track Diplomacy, Total Diplomacy

Disfungsi Organisasi Dagang di Luar Negeri Sebagai Aktor Diplomasi Indonesia

The existence of organizations that fight for the interests of Indonesia abroad is often only associated with the Indonesian Embassy (Indonesian Embassy). There are international trade organizations that play an important role in diplomacy such as the INTCC in Bangkok. INTCC held various activities aimed at assisting the promotion of the investment climate in Indonesia to local entrepreneurs through various trade diplomacy meetings, seminars, workshops, business forums, investment exhibitions, to sports competitions. However, in reality, INTCC did not succeed in getting full support from its stakeholders in Bangkok. The research objective is to identify the factors that cause the disfunction of this trade organization as an Indonesian diplomacy actor by using fully functioning society theory. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method that uses in-depth interviews with informants. Failure to maintain balance in accommodating all the interests of stakeholders, social capital that fails to form, and weaknesses in the use of language are the main factors causing this failure. The formation of full support from the local community is a key factor in the success of diplomatic actors, especially those from non-government official actors. The benefits of the research are expected to be able to develop studies on the engagement process quickly, accurately and efficiently to encourage the role of organizations abroad so that they can run more optimally to produce the expected output.

From Rivals to Partners: Constructing the Sino-Indonesian Strategic Partnership

This study is an inquiry into the use of strategic partnerships as an instrument of diplomacy in Indonesia. Strategic partnerships have become a key fixture of Indonesia’s omnidirectional foreign policy in the post-Suharto era. However, the rationale behind the formation of strategic partnerships for Indonesia’s strategic interests, as well as the process behind its formation, remain understudied. This paper seeks to fill this gap in the literature by examining how Indonesia utilizes its strategic partnership to engage China. Using Wilkins’ analytical framework for the study of strategic partnerships, this study finds that Indonesian policymakers have used strategic partnerships as instruments to create multiple channels of communication for the purposes of economic pragmatism and the overarching goal of socializing the target state into accepting Indonesia’s vision of the international order. The case study on China indicates that strategic partnerships have only been partially successful in helping Indonesia deliver its goals. While increased formal interactions have facilitated economic and social interaction, the utility of strategic partnerships has instruments of influencing Chinese behaviour in the international system remain minimal.

DIPLOMASI PUBLIK KOREA SELATAN DI INDONESIA MELALUI SEKTOR PENDIDIKAN KOREA INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (KOICA)

Public diplomacy is currently the most frequent diplomacy by many countries in the world. South Korea is one country that uses Public Diplomacy to achieve its interests. Public diplomacy conducted by South Korea is not only happening through the field of cultural art alone, public diplomacy is also done by South Korea in the field of education. Through the education sector of Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), South Korea is helping developing countries to advance education in their country. The purpose of this study is to explain South Korea's public diplomacy in Indonesia through the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) education sector. This topic, analyzed with the concept of Public Diplomacy, Soft Power and Constructivist theory. This research uses qualitative approach through data analysis technique. Researchers used literature searches related to the topics that researchers covered. An important conclusion is that the education sector has an objective strategy in its efforts to help improve education in Indonesia, namely Quality Primary Education, Training Technical Resources and Development of Human Resource through Higher Education. Projects implemented in Indonesia conform to the main objectives of KOICA's education sector, to provide quality basic education, training of technical resources and other resources through higher education, and to facilitate educational opportunities and improve the quality of education, education policies and systems From partner countries.

POLITIK DIPLOMASI PERDANA MENTERI AMIR SYARIFUDIN DAN PERJANJIAN RENVILLE

In the early days of Indonesian independence, the Netherlands was a country that did not want to recognize Indonesia's de facto independence. Under Prime Minister Amir Syarifudin, Indonesia carried out political diplomacy with the Netherlands. Amir Syarifudin chose diplomacy because he saw that the Dutch fighting strength was much better than Indonesia at that time and so that there would be no morebloodshed. The purpose of writing this article is to find out how Indonesia's diplomacy politics during the revolution under Prime Minister Amir Syarifudin was an effort to defend Indonesia's independence. In this study, the author uses the historical method with data collection techniques using relevant literaturestudies. The results showed that the diplomacy chosen by Prime Minister Amir Syarifudin was still not able to satisfy the Indonesian people. The conclusion of this research is that Amir Syarifudin's diplomacy caused great disappointment and brought down Amir Syarifudin's cabinet.Keywords: Politics; Diplomacy; Amir Syarifudin

Japanese Public Diplomacy in Indonesia: The Role of Japanese Agencies in Academic Exchange Programs between Japan and Indonesia

Japan and Indonesia have developed mutual cooperation in academic exchange programs for the past three decades. Japan acknowledges that student interchange plays a significant role in promoting mutual understanding between Japan and foreign countries. Japanese government expects international students, either those who are still studying in Japan or those who have returned to their home countries, serve as a bridge between their countries and Japan. To achieve this goal, Japanese government employs some agencies to undertake academic exchange programs. In Indonesia, particularly, some Japanese agencies such as Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO), Japan Foundation, and Japan International Cooperation Center (JICE) have played important role in student exchanges. They have various programs to attract Indonesian students getting involved in academic exchanges. This paper describes these agencies’ role in academic exchange programs between Japan and Indonesia. Considering that the Japanese agencies work to promote Japan’s soft power through public diplomacy activities under transgovernmental networks model, I utilize concepts of public diplomacy and transgovernmental networks as a framework for analyzing the case. I argue that Japanese agencies have successfully served as Japanese public diplomacy agents by acting great role in advancing Japan’s soft power through academic exchange activities. However, some challenges appear in the way to achieve Japanese public diplomacy goal to create mutual understanding between Japanese and Indonesian people.

Kebijakan Sawit Uni Eropa dan Tantangan bagi Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia

Palm oil industry in Indonesia is currently facing a major challenge which began with the European Union Parliamentary Resolution on Palm Oil and Deforestation of Rainforest. Later, the European Commission ratifying the Delegated Regulation No. C (2019) 2055 Final on High and Low ILUC Risk Criteria on Biofuels. It was accused as a form of discrimination against palm oil and contained political motives as well as business competition considering the Indonesia's palm oil products are in accordance with international regulations and sustainable development goals. Therefore, a strategy for palm oil diplomacy is needed to counter this discrimination. For this reasons, Indonesian diplomacy need to provide an explanation to stakeholders in Europen Union and to carry out a regional and multilateral economic diplomacy. This paper will use qualitative methods to describe Indonesia's economic diplomacy in facing the European Union's efforts to reduce palm oil imports.