DMSO Research Articles

High spatial resolution surface plasmon resonance imaging using a plasmonic chip.

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique has been widely applied to biosensing technologies for the rapid quantification of biomolecules without enzyme and fluorescent labeling. However, the conventional prism-coupling SPR method generally has a detection area of a few mm2, and the large contribution of the background signal forms a barrier to highly sensitive detection. Based on a highly spatially resolved SPR method, the present study constructed a scanning GC-SPR imaging instrument using an objective lens with a high numerical aperture and a plasmonic chip that could be used for grating-coupled SPR. Focusing light on the diffraction limit can suppress background signals and improve detection sensitivity. SPR imaging can also be performed by scanning a focal spot. Using this method, the refractive index of a mixture of water and dimethyl sulfoxide was measured with a detection accuracy of 2.43 × 10-3 RIU. Polydopamine films prepared with a thickness of <5nm were also measured, and each film thickness was evaluated with high sensitivity from the effective refractive index detected in a small area of <1 µm2.

Comprehensive characterisation and cryopreservation optimisation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Over half of the world's buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) inhabit India, and buffaloes frequently encounter health challenges that resist conventional treatments, prompting the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies. One promising approach is stem cell therapy, particularly multipotent mesenchymal/stromal stem cells (MSCs). These cells have shown significant efficacy in addressing various diseases in livestock that exhibit resistance to conventional therapies. Adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADSCs) have garnered attention due to their accessibility and robust expansion potential. The current study comprehensively characterises buffalo ADSCs (bADSCs), confirming their identity as MSCs capable of differentiating into diverse cell lineages—the identified characteristics position bADSCs as promising candidates for applications in regenerative medicine, applicable in veterinary contexts. Notably, the study established that a cryoprotective solution comprising 10 % dimethyl sulfoxide and 90 % fetal bovine serum is optimal for preserving bADSCs. This cryoprotective solution maintains vital parameters, including viability, apoptosis, senescence, cell adherence, adherent cell viability, metabolic and clonogenic efficiency, and the activity of reactive oxygen species and trilineage differentiation potential following thawing. These findings lay the foundation for developing a cryo-banking system for bADSCs. Subsequent research efforts are focused on exploring the therapeutic potential of bADSCs in specific disease models and clinical settings. The outcomes of such investigations may pave the way for innovative and effective treatments, further enhancing our understanding of the regenerative capabilities of bADSCs.

DMSO-mediated ag lateral coated Au nanobipyramids: Ultrafast colormetric detection platform for Fe3+ with uniform etching

Colorimetric detection by etching based on metal nanoparticles is one of the most commonly portable detection methods, but there are problems such as poor particle controllability and irregular etching. In this paper, a novel Ag lateral coated Au nanobipyramids nanostructure (Au@Ag LCNBPs) for multi-colorimetric detection of Fe3+ is prepared through the mediation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). When DMSO is used to cover the surface of Au nanobipyramids (Au NBPs), it greatly affects the way Ag coated Au NBPs. When the volume ratio of DMSO is 25%, Ag is no longer deposited at the tip, but gradually deposited on the side of the Au NBPs to form the Au@Ag LCNBPs. The long axis cross-section of the Au@Ag LCNBPs takes the shape of a hexagon. As the Ag content increases, the width of the Ag layer gradually increases, the cross-section gradually converts to a positive hexagonal shape, and the aspect ratio of the whole structure decreases, leading to the blueshift of the longitudinal LSPR peak. This mode of deposition is different from the longitudinal deposition reported in the previous literature. A multi-colorimetric detection method for Fe3+ using the etching of the Ag layer by Au@Ag LCNBPs has been developed. This method exhibits a good exponential correlation in the concentration range of 1–210 μM with the detection limit of 200 nM. With the increase of Fe3+, the colloid color shows the change of yellow, orange, red, purple, blue, green and colorless. The etching process can be completed in about 30 s. This nanostructure achieves two etching modes of the Ag layer by Fe3+, uniform etching and concave etching. Moreover, it demonstrates that the enormous potential of Au@Ag LCNBPs in colorimetric etching detection.

Clinical-experimental justification of the method of prevention and treatment of appendicular pylephlebitis

Taking into account the pathogenesis peculiarities of appendicular pylephlebitis, the risk group includes patients with a retrocecal location of the appendix, gangrenous and perforating appendicitis, the course of which was complicated by peritonitis or abscess. The purpose of our clinical-experimental study was to justify the method of pathogenetic treatment of acute appendicular pylephlebitis based on an experimental model of portal hypertension. Acute experiments were performed on male Wistar rats and outbred dogs. Clinical studies were prospectively-retrospective. In addition to traditional methods of treatment, we used the developed technique of draining the retroperitoneal space and introducing antibacterial compositions in a complex with a 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution was used. On the basis of experimental data, it was established that a 10% solution of DMSO complexed with a dye, when injected transperitoneally in the ileocecal angle area, preferentially penetrates the lymphatic and portal systems, even in conditions of portal hypertension. This is explained by the peculiarities of the anatomical structure. The use of the method of intraperitoneal administration of antibiotics in combination with DMSO is pathogenetically justified in patients with appendicular pylephlebitis, as it achieves local sanitation of the immediate source and primary ways of spreading the infection. Implementation of the developed method of prevention and treatment of acute pylephlebitis of appendicular genesis as part of improved treatment tactics allows to improve treatment results by likely reducing the frequency of postoperative complications from 18.7% to 2.7% (χ2 = 20.02, 95% CI 9.25-23.8) and the duration of hospitalization from 22.8 days to 8.5 days.

Nobiletin as a novel agent to enhance porcine in vitro embryo development and quality

In vitro embryo production (IVP) is of great importance to the porcine industry, as well as for basic research and biomedical applications. Despite the large efforts made in laboratories worldwide to address suboptimal culture conditions, porcine IVP remains inefficient. Nobiletin (Nob, 5,6,7,8,3′,4′ hexamethoxyflavone) supplementation to in vitro culture (IVC) medium, enhances in vitro embryo development in various species. However, its impact on the quality and developmental capacity of in vitro-produced pig embryos is yet to be established. This study evaluated the effects of different concentrations (2.5 and 5 μM) of Nob during the early culture of in vitro-produced pig embryos on embryo developmental competence, mitochondrial activity, lipid content, intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Glutathione (GSH) content, Total Cell Number (TCN) per blastocyst, and expression of genes related to embryo development, quality and oxidative stress. Embryos cultured in medium without Nob supplementation and in medium supplemented with 0.01 % dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-vehicle for Nob) constituted the Control and DMSO groups, respectively. Embryo development rates were evaluated on Days 2, 6 and 7 of IVC. Additionally, a representative group of embryos was selected to assess mitochondrial activity, lipid, ROS and GSH content (on Days 2 and 6 of IVC), TCN assessment and gene expression analyses (on Day 6 of IVC). No significant differences were observed in any of the parameters evaluated on Day 2 of IVC. In contrast, embryos cultured under the presence of Nob 2.5 showed higher developmental rates on Days 6 and 7 of IVC. In addition, Day 6 embryos showed increased mitochondrial activity, with decreased levels of ROS and GSH in the Nob 2.5 group compared to the other groups. Both Nob 2.5 and Nob 5 embryos showed higher TCN compared to the Control and DMSO groups. Furthermore, Nob 2.5 and Nob 5 upregulated the expression of Superoxide dismutase type 1 (SOD1) and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) genes, which could help to counteract oxidative stress during IVC. In conclusion, the addition of Nob during the first 48 h of IVC increased porcine embryo development rates and enhanced their quality, including the upregulation of relevant genes that potentially improved the overall efficiency of the IVP system.

Enhancement in Dissolution Profile of Cilnidipine by Nanonization Technique: Optimization by Box-Behnken design

Objectives: Cilnidipine has limited 25-30% of bioavailability due to BCS class II category drug. The aim of present work was to improve the solubility followed by dissolution rate of cilnidipine by formulation of nanosuspension. Materials and Methods: The nanosuspensionwas developed usingnanoprecipitation techniqueaidingultra-sonication with solvent (Dimethyl sulfoxide), antisolvent (water) and stabilizer (polyvinyl alcohol). The nano formulation was statistically optimized using Design Expert software by theBox-Behnken design. The concentration of Poly Vinyl Alcohol, Volume of Antisolvent and Stirring Time were considered as independent factors whereas Particle size and polydispersity index were considered as dependent factors. Results: The particle size of nanosuspension was found 178.57nm with narrow polydispersity index of 0.130. The microscopy study confirmed amorphous nature particles with rough surface. The zeta potential of 4.55 ±2.78 for optimized formulation finds stability of formulation during storage. The differential scanning calorimetry study and X-ray diffraction pattern showed the crystalline cilnidipine drug was converted to amorphous form upon precipitation into nanoparticles. Due to the nanonization of cilnidipine, the dissolution profile was noted as 92.41±3.56% which was significantly improved as compared with plain drug release data. The stability data showed satisfactory result for 2 months. Conclusion: It is summarized that the nanoprecipitation technique with ultra-sonication is approaching method for the formulation of homogenous nanosuspension with uniform sized dispersion of cilnidipine. Therefore, it can be assumed that the upon the enhancement in dissolution rate, the cilnidipine loaded nanosuspension may lead to improved absorption of drug from intestine followed by significant improvement in bioavailability.

Liver glycogen fragility in the presence of hydrogen-bond breakers

Glycogen, a complex branched glucose polymer, is responsible for sugar storage in blood glucose homeostasis. It comprises small β particles bound together into composite α particles. In diabetic livers, α particles are fragile, breaking apart into smaller particles in dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO; they are however stable in glycogen from healthy animals. We postulate that the bond between β particles in α particles involves hydrogen bonding. Liver-glycogen fragility in normal and db/db mice (an animal model for diabetes) is compared using various hydrogen-bond breakers (DMSO, guanidine and urea) at different temperatures. The results showed different degrees of α-particle disruption. Disrupted glycogen showed changes in the mid-infra-red spectrum that are related to hydrogen bonds. While glycogen α-particles are only fragile under harsh, non-physiological conditions, these results nevertheless imply that the bonding between β particles in α particles is different in diabetic livers compared to healthy, and is probably associated with hydrogen bonding.

DMSO and Its Role in Differentiation Impact Efficacy of Human Adenovirus (HAdV) Infection in HepaRG Cells.

Differentiated HepaRG cells are popular in vitro cell models for hepatotoxicity studies. Their differentiation is usually supported by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an amphipathic solvent widely used in biomedicine, for example, in potential novel therapeutic drugs and cryopreservation of oocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated drastic effects, especially on epigenetics and extracellular matrix composition, induced by DMSO, making its postulated inert character doubtful. In this work, the influence of DMSO and DMSO-mediated modulation of differentiation on human adenovirus (HAdV) infection of HepaRG cells was investigated. We observed an increase in infectivity of HepaRG cells by HAdVs in the presence of 1% DMSO. However, this effect was dependent on the type of medium used for cell cultivation, as cells in William's E medium showed significantly stronger effects compared with those cultivated in DMEM. Using different DMSO concentrations, we proved that the impact of DMSO on infectability was dose-dependent. Infection of cells with a replication-deficient HAdV type demonstrated that the mode of action of DMSO was based on viral entry rather than on viral replication. Taken together, these results highlight the strong influence of the used cell-culture medium on the performed experiments as well as the impact of DMSO on infectivity of HepaRG cells by HAdVs. As this solvent is widely used in cell culture, those effects must be considered, especially in screening of new antiviral compounds.

Benzoselenadiazole-Functionalized H-Bonded Arylamide Foldamers: Solvent-Responsive Properties and Helix Self-Assembly Directed by Chalcogen Bonding in Solid State.

In this study, a series of H-bonded arylamide foldamers bearing benzoselenadiazole ends with solvent-responsive properties have been synthesized. In dichloromethane or dimethyl sulfoxide solvents, the molecules exhibit meniscus or linear structures, respectively, which can be attributed to the unique intramolecular hydrogen bonding behavior evidenced by 1D 1H NMR and 2D NOESY spectra. UV-vis spectroscopy experiments show that the absorption wavelength of H-bonded arylamide foldamers are significantly red-shifted due to the presence of benzoselenadiazole group. In addition, the crystal structures reveal that effective intermolecular dual Se ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ N interactions between benzoselenadiazole groups induce further assembly of the monomers. Remarkably, supramolecular linear and double helices structures are constructed under the synergistic induction of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and intermolecular chalcogen bonding. Additionally, 2D DOSY diffusion spectra and theoretical modelling based on density functional theory (DFT) are performed to explore the persistence of intermolecular Se ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ N interactions beyond the crystalline state.

Molecular interaction between thiamine hydrochloride-DMSO binary mixture: a TDR spectroscopic approach

ABSTRACT The dielectric measurements of thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1 hydrochloride) and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) binary mixtures have been carried out in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 50 GHz at 25°C, 20°C and 15°C using the TDR technique. The dielectric parameters such as complex dielectric permittivity ɛ*(ω), static dielectric permittivity (ɛs), relaxation time (τ), and asymmetric distribution parameter (β) are obtained by using Cole-Davidson model. These parameters are used to compute thermodynamic properties, Kirkwood correlation factor (geff), and excess molar volume (VE). The heteromolecular H-bonding existing in the binary mixture is explained.

Rapid Synthesis of Phthalonitrile based Push‐Pull Bent Dibenzodioxin and its Utility in Selective Sensing of Ferric Ions

AbstractA phthalonitrile‐based bent shaped push‐pull dibenzodioxin was synthesized using an efficient and rapid monowave reactor‐assisted protocol in acceptable yields. When aqueous Fe3+ ion solution was added to the bent dibenzodioxin in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the fluorescence intensity of bent dibenzodioxin at 450 nm was quenched significantly. UV‐visible and fluorimetric measurements displayed high selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ over other metal ions, with a low detection limit of 0.67 μM. Fluorimetric investigations like interference and reversibility test of bent‐dibenzodioxin with Fe3+ led to proving it as a potential canditate for chemosensor application. Job's plot showed 1 : 2 stoichiometry between the bent‐dibenzodioxin and Fe3+ ions respectively and it was proposed that the the binding of one of the Fe3+ ion is from the phenanthroline‐like bent pocket, featuring two oxygen atoms and the other Fe3+ ions binds with the two ortho‐dinitrile units of the bent‐dibenzodioxin.

In Situ Formed Robust Solid Electrolyte Interphase with Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Layer for Stable Zn Metal Anode.

Stabilizing the Zn anode/electrolyte interface is critical for advancing aqueous zinc ion storage technologies. Addressing this challenge helps minimize parasitic reactions and controls the formation of Zn dendrites, which is fundamental to achieving highly reversible Zn electrochemistry. In this study, 2% by volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is introduced into the baseline zinc sulfate (ZS) electrolyte, which acts as an efficient regulator to form a robust solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Zn anode. This innovative approach enables uniform Zn deposition and does not substantially modify the Zn2+ solvation structure. The Zn||Zn symmetric cell exhibits an extended cycle life of nearly one calendar year (>8500h) at a current density of 0.5mA cm-2 and an areal capacity of 0.5 mAh cm-2. Impressive full cell performance can be achieved. Specifically, the Zn||VS2 full cell achieves an areal capacity of 1.7 mAh cm-2, with a superior negative-to-positive capacity ratio of 2.5, and an electrolyte-to-capacity ratio of 101.4µL mAh-1, displaying remarkable stability over 1000 cycles under a high mass loading of 11.0mg cm-2 without significant degradation. This innovative approach in electrolyte engineering provides a new perspective on in situ SEI design and furthers the understanding of Zn anode stabilization.

Inkjet‐Printed Red‐Emitting Flexible LEDs Based on Sustainable Inks of Layered Tin Iodide Perovskite

AbstractInkjet printing has emerged as a promising technique for the fabrication of halide perovskite (HP) thin films, as it enables precise and controlled deposition of the perovskite ink on a variety of substrates. One main advantage of inkjet printing for the fabrication of HP thin films is its ability to produce uniform films with controlled thickness and high coverage, which is critical for achieving high‐performance devices. Additionally, inkjet printing allows for the deposition of patterned thin films, enabling the fabrication of complex device architectures such as light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). In this work, flexible LEDs based on inkjet printed Pb‐free HP thiophene‐ethylammonium tin iodide (TEA2SnI4) are produced that has gained attention as a potential alternative to Pb‐based HPs in optoelectronic devices due to its lower toxicity, environmental impact, and high performance. The role of ink solutions is compared using pure solvents: toxic dimethyl formamide (DMF) and more eco‐friendly dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Red‐emitting devices (λmax = 633 nm) exhibit, in ambient conditions, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 0.5% with a related brightness of 21 cd m−2 at 54 mA cm−2 for DMSO‐based LEDs. The environmental impacts of films prepared with DMSO‐based solvents ensure only 40% of the impact caused by DMF.

Controlling Interfacial Hydrogen Bonding at a Gold Surface: The Effect of Organic Cosolvents.

Water often serves as both a reactant and solvent in electrocatalytic reactions. Interfacial water networks can affect the transport and kinetics of these reactions, e.g., hydrogen evolution reaction and CO2 reduction reaction. Adding cosolvents that influence the hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) environment, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), has the potential to tune the reactivity of these important electrocatalytic reactions by regulating the interfacial local environment and water network. We investigate interfacial H-bonding networks in water-DMSO cosolvent mixtures on gold surfaces by using surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Experiments and simulations show that the gold surface is enriched with dehydrated DMSO molecules and the mixture phase-separates to form water clusters. Simulations show a "buckled" water conformation at the surface, further constraining interfacial H-bonding. The small size of these water clusters and the energetically unfavorable H-bond conformations might inhibit H-bonding with bulk water, suppressing the proton diffusion required for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction processes.

Late-Stage Saturation of Drug Molecules.

The available methods of chemical synthesis have arguably contributed to the prevalence of aromatic rings, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, or pyridine, in modern pharmaceuticals. Many such sp2-carbon-rich fragments are now easy to synthesize using high-quality cross-coupling reactions that click together an ever-expanding menu of commercially available building blocks, but the products are flat and lipophilic, decreasing their odds of becoming marketed drugs. Converting flat aromatic molecules into saturated analogues with a higher fraction of sp3 carbons could improve their medicinal properties and facilitate the invention of safe, efficacious, metabolically stable, and soluble medicines. In this study, we show that aromatic and heteroaromatic drugs can be readily saturated under exceptionally mild rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation, acid-mediated reduction, or photocatalyzed-hydrogenation conditions, converting sp2 carbon atoms into sp3 carbon atoms and leading to saturated molecules with improved medicinal properties. These methods are productive in diverse pockets of chemical space, producing complex saturated pharmaceuticals bearing a variety of functional groups and three-dimensional architectures. The rhodium-catalyzed method tolerates traces of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or water, meaning that pharmaceutical compound collections, which are typically stored in wet DMSO, can finally be reformatted for use as substrates for chemical synthesis. This latter application is demonstrated through the late-stage saturation (LSS) of 768 complex and densely functionalized small-molecule drugs.

Impact of chaperone-mediated autophagy on bilirubin-induced damage of mouse microglial cells

To investigate the effect of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) on the damage of mouse microglial BV2 cells induce by unconjugated bilirubin (UCB). The BV2 cell experiments were divided into two parts. (1) For the CMA activation experiment: control group (treated with an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide), QX77 group (treated with 20 μmol/L QX77 for 24 hours), UCB group (treated with 40 μmol/L UCB for 24 hours), and UCB+QX77 group (treated with both 20 μmol/L QX77 and 40 μmol/L UCB for 24 hours). (2) For the cell transfection experiment: LAMP2A silencing control group (treated with an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide), LAMP2A silencing control+UCB group (treated with 40 μmol/L UCB for 24 hours), LAMP2A silencing group (treated with an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide), and LAMP2A silencing+UCB group (treated with 40 μmol/L UCB for 24 hours). The cell viability was assessed using the modified MTT method. The expression levels of p65, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1) were detected by Western blot. The relative mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell culture supernatant were measured using ELISA. The co-localization of heat shock cognate protein 70 with p65 and NLRP3 was detected by immunofluorescence. Compared to the UCB group, the cell viability in the UCB+QX77 group increased, and the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins p65, NLRP3, and caspase-1, as well as the mRNA relative expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and levels of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, there was co-localization of heat shock cognate protein 70 with p65 and NLRP3 in both the UCB and UCB+QX77 groups. After silencing the LAMP2A gene, compared to the LAMP2A silencing control+UCB group, the LAMP2A silencing+UCB group showed increased expression levels of inflammation-related proteins p65, NLRP3, and caspase-1, as well as increased mRNA relative expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and levels of IL-6 and TNF-α (P<0.05). CMA is inhibited in UCB-induced BV2 cell damage, and activating CMA may reduce p65 and NLRP3 protein levels, suppress inflammatory responses, and counteract bilirubin neurotoxicity.

Facile eco-friendly process for upcycled sustainable perovskite solar cells

Developing a green technology to eliminate the impact of the toxic element Pb and harmful solvent is a challenge for sustainable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report a facile eco-friendly process for upcycled sustainable PSC by screening the polar Pb solubilizers (N,N-dimethylformamide, DMF, dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO and butylamine, BA) coupling with multi-function potassium iodide (KI) precipitator. We find that DMF with strong Pb-dissolution capacity and weak coupled C = O − Pb adhesion exhibits superb separation and recovery of Pb from obsolete PSC devices. Subsequent closed-loop management of the DMF completely eliminates its potential harm to the ecological environment. Interestingly, the KI precipitator added to the Pb-containing DMF solution not only induces the formation of high-quality PbI2 and thus high-crystallized defect-less perovskite matrix, but also relieves the residual tensile strain stemming from lattice expansion leading to orderly lattice orientation for perovskite crystallization. As a result, the re-fabricated PSC based on recovered components (PbI2, ITO and Ag) shows a PCE of 22.78 % higher than that (20.76 %) of PSC based on fresh components, also exceeding the reported record efficiency of PSCs based on one or more recovered components. Such a stable, environment-friendly, upcycled process of retired PSCs offers a sustainable pathway for eliminating the adverse factors such as toxic Pb leakage and harmful solvent effluence, and thus boost their competitiveness in future energy market.

Analysis of temperature rise of low temperature adiabatic oxidation of sulfur-containing “coal-like substances”

ABSTRACT Spontaneous combustion of coal is one of the main natural disasters in the process of coal mining, and spontaneous combustion of sulfur-containing coal is an urgent problem to be solved. In order to understand the influence of different sulfur structures and sulfur content on spontaneous combustion tendency of coal, the self-developed synchronous temperature compensation adiabatic oxidation experiment system was used to study the oxidation self-heating performance of a series of sulfur-containing “coal-like materials.” Through the analysis of the heating rate of coal containing specific sulfur structure, it is considered that the time of adiabatic oxidation temperature of different organic sulfur “coal” to rise to 70°C is dimethyl sulfoxide > phenylene sulfide > dibenzothiophene. By analyzing the oxidation temperature rise characteristics of organic sulfur models with different sulfur contents, it is believed that the higher sulfur content, the faster the low temperature oxidation reaction of “coal-like substance,” the faster the temperature rise rate, and the shorter the time to reach the uncontrollable self-heating temperature, so the shorter the spontaneous combustion period. In general, in the stage of low temperature oxidation, active sulfur containing small molecules (dimethyl sulfoxide) promote the oxidation temperature rise, stable structure, larger molecular weight of dibenzothiophene slow down the “coal-like” oxidation temperature rise.

Cell Damage Mechanisms during Cryopreservation in a Zwitterion Solution and Its Alleviation by DMSO.

Recently, zwitterions have been proposed as novel cryoprotectants. However, some cells are difficult to cryopreserve using aqueous zwitterion solutions alone. We investigated here the reason for cell damage in such cells, and it was the osmotic pressure after freeze concentration. Furthermore, the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been reported to improve the cryoprotective effect in such cells: the zwitterion/DMSO aqueous solution shows a higher cryoprotective effect than the commercial cryoprotectant. This study also clarified the mechanisms underlying the improvement in a cryoprotective effect. The addition of cell-permeable DMSO alleviated the osmotic pressure after the freeze concentration. This alleviation was also found to be a key factor for cryopreserving cell spheroids, while there has been no insight into this phenomenon.

Modulation of bacterial membranes and cellular macromolecules by dimethyl sulfoxide: A dose-dependent study providing novel insights

Using Escherichia coli as a model, this manuscript delves into the intricate interactions between dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and membranes, cellular macromolecules, and the effects on various aspects of bacterial physiology. Given DMSO's wide-ranging use as a solvent in microbiology, we investigate the impacts of both non-growth inhibitory (1.0 % and 2.5 % v/v) and slightly growth-inhibitory (5.0 % v/v) concentrations of DMSO. The results demonstrate that DMSO causes alterations in bacterial membrane potential, influences the electrochemical characteristics of the cell surface, and exerts substantial effects on the composition and structure of cellular biomolecules. Genome-wide gene expression data from DMSO-treated E. coli was used to further investigate and bolster the results. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the complex relationship between DMSO and biological systems, with potential implications in drug delivery and cellular manipulation. However, it is essential to exercise caution when utilizing DMSO to enhance the solubility and delivery of bioactive compounds, as even at low concentrations, DMSO exerts non-inert effects on cellular macromolecules and processes.