Digital Library Research Articles

AI As Artificial Memory: A Global Reconfiguration of Our Collective Memory Practices?

Abstract ai’s evolution has drastically reshaped our relationship with collective memory. Large ai models, like gpt and dall·E, have emerged as memory agents, assimilating vast cultural and historical data across centuries. Unlike traditional digital repositories, these tools employ an analogical approach, capturing the complexity of human memory. Their potential to weave together fragmented pieces of the past offers new ways to delve into historical and cultural data. Tech giants are ambitiously positioning these ai models as primary mediators for information access, integrating them into popular platforms. While they present new forms of collective memory, their widespread use raises profound ethical concerns. Challenges arise regarding historical truth, representativeness, and data reuse, leading to debates on data ownership and the governance of digital collective memory.

The Role of the Digital Library in the Development and Encouragement of Scientific Research During the Corona Pandemic

The study aimed to shed light on the impact of using the digital library in encouraging and developing scientific research from the point of view of graduate students at the College of Business at King Khalid University during the COVID-19 crisis. The descriptive analytical approach was used to achieve the objectives of the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data and information, and the SPSS program was used to analyze the data. The study reached several results, including the fact that the digital library helps detect plagiarism, forgery, copying, and imitation in scientific and technological research and facilitates communication between academic researchers from faculty members and students by logging in. The digital library and the exchange of ideas and information contribute to the development of scientific research. Graduate students use the resources in the digital library to efficiently complete their assignments and scientific research. The use of the digital library contributed to saving time and effort for graduate students. It was recommended that the culture of digital awareness be spread by preparing workshops for graduate students to introduce them to digital libraries and teach them how to use and activate them in the service of scientific research.

DevOps Adoption Guidelines, Challenges and Benefits: A Systematic Literature Review

The DevOps methodology in software engineering is currently trending and many software development organisations are adopting it to stay competitive. However, these organisations face difficulties in adopting DevOps due to a lack of common standard guidelines and methodology. We argued that guidelines across multiple platforms are needed to succeed in DevOps implementation. This paper aims to identify the benefits, challenges, and guidelines associated with DevOps adoption using a systematic literature review. The search spanned over ten digital libraries such as ACM Digital Library, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, SAGE Journals, Wiley Online Library, and so on. The review also included keyword searches in relevant studies i.e DevOps guidelines, DevOps and guidelines, DevOps benefits, DevOps and benefits, DevOps challenges, DevOps and challenges. Papers written in English and published from 2011 through July 2020 were considered. 33 studies passed the two-step quality assessment. Finally, the data were extracted and analysed based on the themes and research questions, revealing the benefits and challenges of DevOps adoption guidelines. The findings show that improved software delivery speed increases code quality and application quality with frequent releases. It also shows that there was no transparent scientific approach to determining the DevOps capabilities regarding the process, practice, tools, and implementations, cost implications, and insufficient knowledge of the automation process. Finally, the reviewed studies indicated that software quality increases whenever DevOps best practices are adopted. DevOps is about continuous software delivery. Previous studies have not considered the guidelines for scientifically adopting DevOps for organisations that want to migrate. The present review identified the DevOps adoption guideline model represented in a cyclic format that indicates an infinite process representing continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment, with an understanding of benefits and challenges.

Therapy for advanced stages of Parkinson's disease

The search and analysis of data on treatment options of advanced stages of Parkinson's disease from various scientific sources on biomedical research PubMed in the Medline, Russian scientific electronic library CyberLeninka databases are summarized in the article. A comparison of data was performed to highlight the main directions of modern approaches to the treatment of advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. To treat the disease at a late stage with pronounced motor fluctuations in the form of “off” symptoms and painful dyskinesias during the “on” period, invasive and non-invasive high-tech methods of treatment are used. The most relevant method of treatment for Parkinson's disease in patients with a long history of the disease and side symptoms of traditional medicinal methods of correction are the use of Duodopa - levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG). It is important to note that the increased "on" period can allow people with advanced Parkinson's disease to raise motor activity, thereby improving their independence in daily activities from other people.

Insonmia: cardiovascular risk factor in adult people

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) will be the cause of 24.2 million deaths in the world in 2030 and the poor quality and quantity of people's sleep are increasingly related to their risk factors, including insomnia. Objective. The main objective of this research work was to know the influence of chronic insomnia as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in adults. Methodology. The present study is based on an integrative review of the literature of articles published between the years 2012-2024, obtained from the journal portal Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) and the bibliographic databases SCOPUS, Web of Science (WOS), Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), ProQuest and Google Scholar, results that were organized according to the PRISMA methodology. Results. 11 articles were finally included, derived from primary research works, which describe the relationship and impact of chronic insomnia with cardiovascular diseases, their mortality and morbidity. Conclusions. Chronic insomnia is currently established as a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor; its effective treatment will in the future be a preventive measure that will reduce the incidence, mortality and morbidity rates of different cardiovascular diseases

Possibilities of using secondary plant metabolites as antitumor agents

The review summarized the literature data of recent years on the antitumor effect of secondary plant metabolites, as well as their immunotropic and anti-inflammatory effects as components of the antitumor response. The biological basis for the action of secondary plant metabolites was characterized in the form of influence on potential targets: transcription factors, signaling pathways and receptors responsible for proliferation and apoptosis. The ways of increasing the bioavailability of secondary plant metabolites to enhance the effectiveness and possibility of their medicinal use were considered, the effects of berberine, curcumin and their derivatives were described. The search for scientific publications was conducted in foreign (PubMed) and domestic (eLibrary) electronic libraries. It was found that the multiplicity of molecular targets of secondary plant metabolites and the pleiotropy of their effects suggest the possibility of their use for the regulation of various processes in tumor and normal cells. There was a connection between the antitumor effect of secondary plant metabolites and their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action. However, a significant limitation of their use was the fact that most studies were conducted on cell cultures, which was insufficient to judge the antitumor effect. Clinical trials were few and their results were contradictory. In addition, a certain contradiction has been noted between the idea of a more effective action when using a pure substance or a complex composition of various plant components. An important problem was the low bioavailability of most secondary plant metabolites, for which various methods have been proposed. Despite the long history of phytotherapy in oncology, the development of new derivatives of secondary plant metabolites with high water solubility remains relevant, including modified molecules of known secondary plant metabolites and the search for new ones with unexplored biological activity. Modern methods of chemical synthesis and delivery systems of derivatives of secondary plant metabolites, as well as the study of their effects in model experiments, seem to be promising scientific directions for the creation of new drugs with antitumor activity.

Success Factors in the Implementation of Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) among Developing Countries

Developing countries face significant challenges establishing healthcare information systems (HIS) due to inadequate government regulations and outdated technology infrastructures. For example, the lack of digital patient data collection in Bangladesh exacerbates the accessibility to quality healthcare. Standardizing hospital healthcare systems could streamline patient management, potentially servicing more patients effectively. This study utilizes a systematic literature review (SLR) to consolidate key factors enhancing HIS in such regions. By reviewing 4014 studies from databases like IEEE Xplore and Science Direct, the research identified 12 success criteria organized into four main themes, emphasizing the crucial role of resource allocation in deploying effective HIS. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 04 October’24 Page : 957-966

Computational quest, synthesis and anticancer profiling of 3-methyl quinoxaline-2-one-based active hits against the tyrosine kinase

BackgroundCancer is the predominant cause of mortality and a remarkable obstacle to elevating life anticipation in every nation on globe. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a hyper-vascular tumour, develops and progresses due to angiogenesis, a key feature of malignancy. HCC exhibits high neoangiogenic activity because of the need to generate new blood vessels for tumour growth.MethodsThe present work includes the construction of virtual library of ligands, virtual screening using the Dockthor-VS server, ADMET study using the SwissADME and Osiris property explorer. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by UV, IR, NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. MTT assay was done to find the IC50 of the synthesized compounds against HepG2 cell line. The more active compound found is subjected to the molecular dynamics simulation study.ResultsThe ligands exhibited good docking scores, ADMET profile compared to the reference drugs. The target compounds were obtained with the satisfactory yields of 66–82%. The best activity against the HepG2 cancer cell line is observed with the compound SA-4 with IUPAC name (2-(3-methyl-2-oxoquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)-N-(5-(3-nitrophenyl)-5H-thiazolo[4,3-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazol-2-yl) acetamide). The experimental results obtained show correlation with the in silico results. MD simulation of the compound SA-4 indicates the moderate stability of the protein-ligand complex in real time environment.ConclusionThe results obtained suggest that the compound SA-4 has the potential to be a promising anticancer agent effective against the VEGFR-2 and FGFR-4.Graphical abstract

Developing a Bookless Library for Enhanced Literacy in Islamic Boarding Schools

Abstract: The 4.0 industrial revolution compels educational institutions, including Islamic boarding schools, to adopt advanced digital library services for enhanced literacy. General Background: Many libraries, such as that of Al Fattah Islamic Boarding School in Sidoarjo, still depend on physical books and lack accreditation, resulting in outdated collections. Specific Background: There is a significant gap in structured digital library frameworks that provide extensive access to both general and Islamic literature. Aims: This study aims to develop a school development plan for a Bookless Library that enhances digital literacy. Results: Employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach, the study outlines a five-year strategic plan for implementing a digital library, utilizing QR codes for quick access to resources. Novelty: It proposes a global access model for the Bookless Library, allowing users beyond the server's immediate area to engage with digital resources. Implications: The expected outcome is a dynamic learning environment that promotes literacy and positions Al Fattah Islamic Boarding School competitively in a technology-driven educational landscape. Highlights: Technological Adaptation: The implementation of digital libraries addresses the evolving needs of students in the 4.0 industrial revolution. Resource Accessibility: QR codes facilitate instant access to a vast array of digital resources, enhancing learning opportunities. Global Reach: The proposed Bookless Library model allows users beyond local boundaries to engage with diverse literature. Keywords: Digital Library, Bookless Library, Islamic Boarding School, Literacy Enhancement, Research and Development

Enabling Serendipity During Digital Library Search

ABSTRACTWhen a serendipitous discovery is made while searching within a digital library collection (such as an academic digital library at a university), the searcher has a difficult choice to make: either pursue the serendipitous discovery or set it aside and deal with it later. If they take the first option, this breaks the flow of the primary search activity which may make it difficult to resume. If they take the second option, they may have difficulty re‐finding what they discovered when they are finished with the primary search activity. We have developed a novel search interface that includes topic‐based workspaces and a “read it later” list. Serendipitous discoveries can be easily added to the “read it later” list, allowing the searcher to stay focused on their current search activity knowing that they can easily return to the discovered resource. For each resource saved to the “read it later” list, a textual similarity is calculated against the collection of documents saved in each of the searcher's workspaces. This allows them to easily identify which of their prior search tasks is a best fit for the discovery, as well as an ability to create a new workspace if desired.

Exploratory Search in Digital Humanities: A Study of Visual Keyword/Result Linking

ABSTRACTWhile searching within digital humanities collections is an important aspect of digital humanities research, the search features provided are usually more suited to lookup search than exploratory search. This limits the ability of digital humanities scholars to undertake complex search scenarios. Drawing upon recent studies on supporting exploratory search in academic digital libraries, we implemented two visual keyword/result linking approaches for searching within the Europeana collection; one that keeps the keywords linked to the search results and another that aggregates the keywords over the search result set. Using a controlled laboratory study, we assessed these approaches in comparison to the existing Europeana search mechanisms. We found that both visual keyword/result linking approaches were improvements over the baseline, with some differences between the new approaches that were dependent on the stage of the exploratory search process. This work illustrates the value of providing advanced search functionality within digital humanities collections to support exploratory search processes, and the need for further design and study of digital humanities search tools that support complex search scenarios.

Assessing the accessibility of digital libraries for individuals with digital libraries

Assessing the accessibility of digital libraries for individuals with digital libraries

The Carceral State: Implications for Information and Technology Research and Practice

ABSTRACTThis systematic literature review synthesizes published sources from the ASIS&T Digital Library and the ACM Digital Library to develop a definition of the carceral state and to show how the term has been used in contemporary technology‐focused research. The carceral state concept has been adopted and applied widely in multiple areas of social scientific research to refer to the formal institutions of the criminal justice system proper and other social arrangements, ideologies, practices, and technologies that punish, surveil, and contain populations. Our review reveals a recent and increasing engagement with the carceral state in the collections surveyed. Encouraged by this increasing attention, this review is an attempt to introduce the carceral state as a guiding framework for tech‐society research and to consider implications for advancing responsibility, reflexivity, and care in the creation and evaluation of information systems, programs, and services.

People's Voice: Exploring Discussion Themes on Generative AI and Libraries on X

ABSTRACTThe launch of ChatGPT and other Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) models has significantly influenced people's perceptions of AI, making its impact a widely discussed topic in various areas. In Library and Information Science (LIS), researchers experience the opportunities and challenges presented by GenAI, such as using the rich text from books and digital collections as training data for GenAI and enabling quick summarization and reference consultation for patrons. Meanwhile, concerns have arisen about the generation of fake information and nonexistent text by GenAI and their potential effects on users. This project explores the themes in public discussions regarding the impact of GenAI on libraries. To explore public opinions about the impact of GenAI in libraries, we collected over 50,000 posts from X (formerly Twitter) between November 1, 2022, and May 6, 2024. We manually sampled 1,000 posts focusing on GenAI in the context of libraries. We conducted content analysis to identify the key themes and relationships among these themes. This poster presents our initial findings on different themes and highlights the trends in public opinion. Our analysis provides a curated dataset for training APIs for future investigation.

What drives the development of digital rural life in China?

Background and objectiveEmpowering rural life through digital technology reflects the collective aspirations of millions of farmers striving for a better quality of life. Ensuring that the benefits of digital advancements reach every corner of the population is a crucial and inevitable choice. To expedite the establishment of an inclusive digital life for all citizens, the Chinese government has exerted substantial efforts by positioning the development of digital villages as a national strategy. Through comprehensive initiatives in digital village construction, facilitating the extension of "Internet+" services such as education, healthcare, transportation, and entertainment to rural areas. 24-hour digital village libraries, smart health stations, intelligent homes, facial recognition payments, unmanned supermarkets, and a variety of digitized, networked, and intelligent lifestyle applications are increasingly prevalent in Chinese rural regions. The digital gap between urban and rural areas in China is gradually diminishing, and the ongoing evolution of rural digital lifestyles paints a picturesque picture of an enhanced rural life. This study endeavors to provide a meticulous analysis of the digital landscape in Chinese villages, seeking to unravel the intricacies behind the swift development of rural digital life. MethodsUsing the top 100 counties in China's 2020 Rural Life Digitization Index ranking as case studies, this research collected the necessary data through industry research reports and official statistical sources. To begin with, based on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) analysis framework, variables such as digital infrastructure, government policy support, funds are put into utilization, digital economy level, and farmer digital literacy were identified. The fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method was then employed to recognize the influencing factors of rural digital life and combinations of condition variables. Subsequently, utilizing the system dynamics methodology, the relationships between factors were analyzed, simulating changes in rural digital life development to gain a deeper understanding of the key elements affecting rural digital life. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to further reveal the extent of influence of these key elements on rural digital life. ResultsThe fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis reveals that the evolution of rural digital life in China is a complex outcome influenced by the simultaneous interplay of multiple factors. It demonstrates a pattern of diverse combinations and parallel pathways encompassing various variables. Among these configurations, six paths stand out with the highest coverage. These six paths can be further classified into three modes of rural digital life development in China: environment-empowered type, organization-pushed type, and compound-driven type. Further dissection of causal combinations through a system dynamics model unveils that the progression of rural digital life is intricately linked to key factors such as information infrastructure, policy intensity, and digital learning and development. Over time, there is a discernible upward trajectory in the level of rural digital life, characterized by an accelerating pace of improvement. The influence of policy intensity on rural digital life surpasses that of information infrastructure and digital learning and development, indicating that policy intensity exerts the most significant impact overall. ConclusionThe evolution of rural digital life in China is a complex, long-term process propelled by a combination of multiple factors. China's experience demonstrates that achieving high-level development in rural digital life demands attention not only to the synergistic interplay of various factors but also a strategic focus on leveraging specific key elements. This entails skillfully integrating diverse factors and identifying pivotal areas to maximize the impact of relevant conditions to the greatest extent possible.

Profiling patent compounds in lipid nanoparticle formulations of siRNA

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a prominent delivery system for nucleic acid drugs, attracting significant attention especially through the successful development of several commercial products. As a key component in LNPs, cationic lipids along serve as key technical barrier to block competitors by building up complex patent thicket. However, there have been few studies as yet that have comprehensively analyzed the patented compounds in LNP formulations, despite a large number of technical reviews and original articles. In the context, this study focuses on analyzing the macroscopic landscapes and microscopic molecular characteristics of LNP patents, aiming to provide a valuable reference for researchers and developers in making informed technological and commercial decisions. By mining 2,994 patents, 265 formulas, 7,674 compounds and 28,789 fragments, this work sketched the empirical golden ratio of lipid materials in LNP formulation, disclosed the advanced technology in the formulation, characterized high-frequency fragments of heads, linkers and tails in both novel cationic lipids as well as targeting lipids, and established a virtual focus library of LNP materials.

Tracing the Contours of Archival Silences: A Case Study of Critical Collection Building on the Rock Springs Massacre

ABSTRACTArchives can reinforce silences of marginalized communities, further erasing their stories and voices. This study aims to understand the contours of archival silences, focusing on experiences of Chinese people in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. We are building a digital archival collection that centers Chinese peoples' voices around the Rock Springs Massacre of 1885, an incident of racial violence that killed at least 28 Chinese people and displaced hundreds more. As we selected items, we wrote structured reflections to critically examine each item's content, source, presentation, arrangement and description in their original context, as well as any absences and silences that we encountered in the search and assessment process. Based on a praxis of radical empathy, ethics of care, and slow archives, we engaged with our positionalities, past experiences, professional training in Library and Information Sciences (LIS), and affective responses throughout the research process to reflect on how they shape our decisions and hesitations in item selection and contextualization. Three main themes emerged from a preliminary thematic analysis of our reflections: complexity of archival silences and silencing, challenges of inclusive representation, and problematizing and going beyond primary sources.

Community Partnerships in Digital Cultural Heritage: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACTCommunity partnerships with libraries, archives, and museums are increasingly recognized as essential to developing and stewarding complete, accurate, and equitable digital cultural records. While research and practice in this area has burgeoned, there is limited empirical research characterizing the state of the field. This study offers preliminary findings of a systematic, state‐of‐the‐art review of community‐institutional partnerships in digital cultural heritage collections and initiatives. This review systematically identifies wide‐ranging, active community partnerships among relevant institutions and their high‐level objectives, and a correlated array of approaches taken in pursuit of those objectives. The resulting conceptual framework and open access dataset form the base of a toolkit supporting community‐institutional partnerships for a more sustainable, community‐centered cultural record.

„Głośnik” – preradiofoniczna historia słowa w polszczyźnie

The starting point of this article is the analysis of texts collected in the Polona.pl database and other databases of the Digital Libraries Federation. Based on these archives, the author outlines the transformation of the semantic scope of the word głośnik – “loudspeaker” – in 19th-century Polish. The functioning of this term is particularly interesting in the context of inventions which, from today’s perspective, appear as precursors of the modern loudspeaker. The development of radio broadcasting after the First World War popularised the contemporary understanding of the term; earlier – pre-radiophonic – uses in the 19th-century cultural press and dictionaries make it possible to trace changes not only within the language itself, but also the entire acoustemology of Polish society of the time. The semantic evolution of the term “loudspeaker” is at the same time a picture of deeper shifts in the perception of the role and meaning of sound. Under the pressure of the cultural policies of the partitioners, the Polish community retreated in its search for national identity to the level of language, and then – under the influence of new media and lifestyles, but also of the profound reforms of the Polish language in the interwar period – interacted with the cultural phenomenon of the new medium, with its help redefining its view of modernity. Key-words: acoustemology, speaker, semantic field, sound history, Polish history

Exploratory Search and Beyond: A Study of Complex Search Scenarios within a Public Digital Library

ABSTRACTComplex search scenarios and exploratory search processes are understudied within the context of public digital library systems. While the literature indicates that exploratory search is effective when undertaking complex search scenarios, the primary focus has been on searching conducted by students, academics, or professionals. In this paper, our focus is on whether public library patrons use such approaches and whether they have developed other ways to pursue complex search scenarios. Using retrospective think‐aloud protocols, nine participants first pursued a complex search scenario of their choosing without intervention, and then narrated what they were thinking and doing while watching a recording of their search. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns within the data. Three themes were identified and examined in detail: exploratory search, planning, and pragmatism. The key finding is that while the exploratory search model matches some of the cognitive processes described by the participants, other processes were also employed. In particular, we identified both the metacognitive aspect of planning and the strategic decision‐making aspect of pragmatism. This work provides evidence of the need to expand the exploratory search model to include metacognitive and strategic decision‐making aspects.