Digital Instruments Research Articles

Цифровые инструменты преподавателя: организация смешанного обучения в вузе

Blended learning has become a widespread practice in universities, so there is a need to review approaches, methods and techniques for developing new effective educational strategies to maintain the quality of education. In this regard, new problems appear, for example, decrease of an emotional, personal interaction between teachers and students, absence of motivation, violation of self-discipline and, as a consequence, a drop in academic performance. These challenges can be overcome through the integration of digital tools. This research is dedicated to the problem of choosing and effective using of digital instruments by higher school teachers. The absence of a systematic analysis and comparison of different tools leads to difficulties in choosing the most appropriate instruments for a particular subject, teacher or students. Also, there are problems with the estimation of the efficiency of using these instruments. In this regard, the necessity to systematize the experience of using digital tools, based on teaching practices presented in the study, arises. We conducted a review of more than two hundred scientific literature studies; the final sample includes 46 articles, which directly affected particular digital tools for learning. During the literature analysis, we divided digital instruments into several groups depending on which teacher’s tasks it solves: (1) subject-specific professional skills development; (2) organization of communication in terms of distance learning; (3) organization of interaction between teacher and students; (4) educational content development; (5) soft skills development; (6) organization of project work; (7) assessment. As a result, we conducted available and actual digital tools, which are used in teaching practice by distributing them according to the tasks above. We conclude with the following findings: digital instruments can significantly enrich educational process, increase students’ motivation and self-discipline; they can help to promote the development of subject-based skills, solve problems in various organizational forms of classes; using digital instruments is accompanied by a special organization of the educational process with a transformation of forms, methods and techniques. The teacher should know which digital instrument solves a teaching problem in blended learning and how to use it, and also should have the ability to integrate it in the educational process.

Новітні цифрові фінансові інструменти: сутність і перспективи використання при відбудові постраждалих територіальних громад України

The aim of the article is to reveal the essence and determine the prospects for attracting additional revenues to local budgets in the context of the development of creative industries and the use of the latest digital financial instruments for the reconstruction of the affected territorial communities of Ukraine in the post-war period. The article identifies the main creative forces of digital transformation of the economy, discloses the institutional essence of digital financial instruments, assesses the sources and preferential mechanisms for attracting financial resources for the reconstruction of the affected territorial communities in the post-war period, substantiates the role of local governments in the development of creative economy industries using the latest digital financial instruments. Based on the analysis of the impact of changes in the institutional structure of the space-time of the banking metaverse on the possibilities of financial support for the affected territorial communities, it is proved that the transformation of the metaverse is taking place from the quantitative growth of entertainment and distracting gaming technologies to qualitatively new creative socioeconomic dimensions, which are considered as a virtual integrated system associated with real life. It is proved that due to the combination of the properties of digital and financial instruments, the formation of the latest digital financial instruments takes place, which combine the characteristics of the previous ones, while being more effective in terms of the possibilities of their use, accessibility to the general public and profitability in the long run. Some forecast scenarios for the growth of the metaverse economy for the period up to 2032 have been developed. An estimate of the proportion and volume of the metaverse in the digital economy and global GDP for each of the scenarios is provided. It is emphasized that in modern conditions, the development of creative industries using the latest digital financial instruments is the most investment-attractive segment of investing assets in the medium and long term. Proposals on the need to apply stimulating norms of the current legislation to encourage representatives of local and foreign creative businesses to implement the latest digital solutions at the regional level in order to provide territorial communities with unique instant services for managing online funds of local budgets in hybrid space-time are substantiated. Prospect for further research in this direction is to update the normative framework for AI regulation in order to achieve a synergistic effect of innovation and singularity at the stage of reconstruction of the affected territorial communities of Ukraine in the post-war period.

Тенденції та моделі розвитку електронної торгівлі в умовах цифрової економіки

At the present stage of the rapid formation of the information space, there is a need to use the instruments of the digital economy. One such instrument is e-commerce. The aim of the article is to identify current trends and models of development of e-commerce in the context of digitalization. To achieve this goal, the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, expert surveys, statistical analysis, structural and logical generalization were used. The article examines trends and patterns of development of the world e-commerce market. The dynamics of the main indicators of activity of Ukrainian wholesale and retail trade enterprises, which use information and communication technologies, are analyzed. It is defined that in modern economic conditions it is expedient to develop and implement a digital strategy for managing the commercial activities of trade enterprises on the basis of the conception of interaction marketing, theories of networks and stakeholders, which should contain the following elements: use of information instruments and digital channels; formation of a qualitatively new culture of marketing communications (integration of digital channels of marketing communication into a single system); ways to improve the quality of customer service; creation of an omnichannel environment based on the integration of all digital channels, retail outlets and back-office into a single information space. The key trends that will influence the development of e-commerce in the digital economy include: personalization of products and communication through information technology; adaptive approach to interaction with consumers; building a business strategy for brands, advertising and marketing strategies using digital instruments; application of an integrated approach to the management of commercial activities; creation of a fundamentally new marketing structure (the emergence of specialists in consumer preferences and data processing); acquisition of skills in collecting large databases and using them; ensuring multi-channel practice in marketing communications; implementation of chatbots as one of the most effective ways to provide instant customer support; development of business models for the organization of electronic retail.

Acceptance of digital instruments in the accounting profession

The digital transition has affected and continues to affect all sectors of the economy. The COVID-19 pandemic forced many industries, including the accounting sector, to adopt digitization measures to maintain their activity during this restricted period. Innovative systems and advanced technologies thus became indispensable in the accounting profession, and despite its inability to replicate human intelligence, Artificial Intelligence (AI) was swiftly adopted for many accounting processes. The purpose of this study was to explore how the Romanian accounting profession accepted the digital instrument transformation. A deductive approach from the general to the particular was used to highlight the key aspects and their implications in the accounting profession. In addition, the technological acceptance model (TAM) was correlated with the external variables of the technology-organization-environment framework (TOE) to develop 13 hypotheses. A questionnaire was then applied, which validated 9 of these hypotheses. The research results indicated that the digital transition by the accounting profession in Romania is a complex process that is in a preliminary stage compared to that in European Union member states. This study has an inherent series of limitations, which can provide opportunities for future research in the field.

Fostering citizens’ engagement in smart city within digital era

Digital instruments, devices, and platforms are exerting a transformative influence on trends and dynamics within socio-economic assets. This evolution leads to the emergence of novel configurations, exemplified by the concept of Smart Cities. It is crucial to comprehend and effectively manage the associated challenges, risks, and opportunities to ensure the viability of socio-economic configurations. This necessitates a paradigm shift in managing and addressing the relationships that form the backbone of these configurations. Given the ongoing evolution in socio- economic landscapes, this paper zeroes in on the imperative to reassess established approaches to citizens’ engagement in Smart City within Digital Era. By centring attention on the domains of technology readiness and the digital gap, the paper introduces a conceptual model grounded in the interpretative framework provided by Viable Systems Approach. This model serves to delineate key pillars for reflection and action, guiding the exploration of new pathways and processes aimed at amplifying citizens’ engagement in Smart City within Digital Era.

Immediate effect of Anulom-Vilom Pranayama on cardiovascular parameters in medical students

Background: The demanding nature of medical education significantly increases stress levels among students, negatively impacting their overall well-being. Pranayama, a yogic breathing technique, shows promise in mitigating these adverse effects. This study investigates the immediate impact of Anulom Vilom pranayama on cardiovascular parameters in medical students. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the immediate impact of Anulom Vilom pranayama on heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in undergraduate medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 122 medical students aged 18–21 years, following approval from the institutional scientific and ethical committee. Cardiovascular parameters were measured before and after administering a 10-min Anulom Vilom pranayama session using a pulse oximeter and digital blood pressure instruments. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: The results showed significant reductions in HR (P < 0.00001), SBP (P < 0.00001), and rate pressure product (P < 0.00001) after practicing Pranayama. However, DBP changes were insignificant (P = 0.7822). Conclusion: Anulom Vilom pranayama has an immediate beneficial effect on cardiovascular health in medical students. Incorporating such practices into medical education curricula may improve students’ well-being and academic performance.

Еволюція ролі та функцій комерційних банків в економічній системі: теоретико-історичний підхід

The aim of the article is to deepen and develop the scientific foundations of the evolution of the functions and role of commercial banks in the economic system through the transformation of the essence of banking activities and the emergence of new financial instruments in historical retrospective. The article summarizes scientific approaches to describing the evolution of the functions of commercial banks in historical retrospective; the essence of the transformation of banking activity due to growing risks and competition in financial markets is disclosed; an extended list of functions of commercial banks in today’s conditions is provided; the dynamics of the number of commercial banks in the leading countries of the world and countries with emerging markets is analyzed; tendencies and prospects for the development of banking and functions of commercial banks in the context of globalization of the economy and the introduction of novel digital financial instruments are substantiated. A functional analysis of the role and importance of commercial banks in the economic system for the period from the 16th century AD to the present is carried out. It is emphasized that in modern conditions banks are turning into institutions for servicing speculative flows. At the same time, the main function of commercial banks – lending to the real sector of the economy – begins to fade into the background due to low profitability. The essence of banking activity and features of new functions of banks over the past 25 years are disclosed. It is emphasized that computerization and financial innovations have significantly changed the ways of functioning of commercial banks. These processes made it possible to introduce new forms of service and types of banking products, improve bank management, collect and process large amounts of statistical information, and expand the scope of activities of large banks beyond national borders. It is proved that the timeliness and continuity of saturation of the economy with monetary resources is influenced not only by the number of commercial banks, but also by the mechanism for ensuring solvency and effective redistribution of cash flows between owners of funds and recipients of credit resources – both individual banks and the banking system as a whole. Proposals on the role and importance of commercial banks for the economy, based on their ability to increase the efficiency of the functioning of the economic system, have been substantiated. The essence of the transformation function of banks is that, transforming the space, size, terms, risks, illiquid assets into liquid liabilities, liquidity, purchasing power, information, banks play an important role in the State, as it allows to reduce risks in the economic system and social costs. Prospect for further research in this direction is to determine the impact of transformation of the role and functions of commercial banks on the macro-financial stability of the State and global financial markets.

Geodetic control of the technical condition of buildings

Problems related to ensuring the control of the state of cultural heritage objects have existed for a long time. Their solution requires timely monitoring and consideration of effective algorithms for collecting and processing information. The object of the study is a building that has the status of an architectural heritage monument. The article describes the result of a study that was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the instrumental geodetic method in assessing the technical condition of architectural heritage monuments. The research methods evaluated in the work were: determination of vertical movements of the foundation of the building and determination of the deformation characteristics of the building. Modern digital geodetic instruments were used in the implementation of this method. The purpose of the study is to analyze the application of the instrumental geodetic method as one of the main methods in assessing the technical condition of architectural heritage monuments. The instrumental geodetic method described in the article was based on empirical data obtained from direct geodetic measurements, conclusions are drawn about the technical condition of the monument. As a result of the research, it was found that the building has cracks, as well as the uneven nature of the foundation precipitation. At the end of the article, the authors were convinced of the need to use geodetic methods to assess the geometric parameters of buildings, gave recommendations for assessing the technical condition of architectural heritage monuments, and also described measures to preserve them.

Особливості протидії відмиванню грошей на сучасних фінансових ринках

The development of new financial technologies has led to a significant acceleration of cash flows, an expansion of the range of opportunities for settlements and the use of digital financial instruments. One of the negative consequences of this process was the emergence of new money laundering schemes. The aim of the article is to qualitatively assess the changes in the sphere of money laundering with the use of financial institutions caused by the development of new financial technologies and virtual instruments, as well as to determine the list of signs of transactions with virtual assets that may indicate the implementation of money laundering schemes. Virtual assets have significant potential to stimulate financial innovation and efficiency in financial markets, but their individual characteristics create new opportunities for money laundering and terrorism financing. In view of this, it is of great importance in modern financial markets to improve methods of counteracting this phenomenon, in particular, the formation of a list of signs of transactions with virtual assets, which may indicate the illegal origin of funds or illegal purposes of their movement. The publication proposes an approximate list of signs of money laundering, which can be used by financial service providers in the process of monitoring transactions. Our approach involves dividing such attributes into six categories according to the volume and frequency of transactions, transaction patterns, anonymity, characteristics of transaction beneficiaries, source of funds, and geographic risk. A list of signs of suspicious activity when carrying out transactions, the use of assets with a high level of anonymity, client risks, links with criminal activity or high-risk jurisdictions has been determined. In order to understand the big picture and qualitatively assess the risks of money laundering and terrorism financing, the features identified in the article should be considered in the context of all available information on individual transactions. Taking into account the features and vulnerabilities of the latest financial instruments, we consider it an important prerequisite for updating the current practices of customer due diligence and detection of suspicious financial transactions.

Digital Health Literacy and Social Determinants of Health Affecting Telehealth Use by Athletic Trainers.

While increasing telehealth use throughout sports medicine has improved patients' access to health care, some communities may not have the same opportunities to connect with a provider. Barriers to telehealth implementation can be influenced by internal (eg,provider's digital health literacy and resources) and external (eg,community's social determinants of health or "SDOH") factors. This study aimed to assess the impact of internal and external factors on telehealth use by athletic trainers (ATs). Cross-sectional survey. In total, 767 ATs participated in the study. Participants (age = 39 [13]y) completed a survey containing the electronic health literacy scale and digital health literacy instrument, reported professional use of telehealth as a provider (yes/no), provided resources at their clinical site, and provided the zip code for the community they served. After data collection, the researchers extracted SDOH information using the zip code data from 2 US databases, including population density, median household income, poverty index, education level, and technology access. Chi-square or independent samples t tests were conducted to compare telehealth use by each SDOH factor. In total, 62.3% (n = 478/767) of ATs reported using telehealth, and 81.6% of ATs (n = 626) had a dedicated facility to offer health care services. We identified a significant difference in digital health literacy scores between users and nonusers of telehealth (P = .013). We did not identify any significant differences between telehealth users by community type (P = .957), population density (P = .053), income (P = .462), poverty index (P = .073), and computer (P = .211) or broadband internet access (P = .295). Our data suggest that internal factors such as digital health literacy and clinical site resources may have contributed to an AT's previous telehealth use in clinical practice. However, the SDOH data extracted from the community zip code where the AT provided clinical services were similar for those with and without previous telehealth use.

ВІРТУАЛЬНІ АКТИВИ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article highlights the essence of digital transformations in the economic sector, which in recent years have significantly increased their potential, turning into a determining factor in the strategizing and development of industries and areas of production, service, management, etc. It is summarized that the development of the economy under the influence of digitalization processes involves the construction of socio-economic relations, which is aimed at increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of production and capital and finds its manifestations in the newest development paradigm, in which the increase of competitiveness and efficiency becomes relevant and necessary. the sphere of economic relations reflects the specifics of production and the application of new technologies based on the use of a large amount of data and technologies, which allows creating qualitatively new models of business, trade, logistics, and production. A new form of financial and economic relations arising in the conditions of integration of real and virtual space is the movement of digital financial instruments. Virtual assets are an integral part of the digital economy, opening up new opportunities and prospects for society. Their development and integration into stable economic systems shapes the future of financial and commercial relations. However, to fully realize their potential, existing challenges need to be explored while ensuring sustainable and safe use of these technologies. Virtual assets are one of the significant monetary instruments in the new paradigm of financial development of society, which blur the boundaries between the segments of the financial and nonfinancial services markets. The evolution of virtual assets and digital money is objectively determined by the evolution of information technology and computer technology, which led to the expansion of the scope of their application and methods of distribution. The key principle of circulation of virtual assets is their decentralization, based exclusively on market mechanisms. The implementation of the circulation of virtual assets based on the use of digital technologies affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the functioning of the financial system of any country.

VIRTuAL CuRRENCIES IN CHINA’S LAW: FROM CRyPTOCuRRENCy BAN TO DIGITAL yuAN

The widespread use of digital financial instruments has increased interest in the legal regulation of digital currencies around the world. China has become a recognized leader in regulating this matter, testing the digital yuan since 2021 and adjusting legal solutions to adapt the new institution based on this experience. Recognizing digital currencies as virtual property, China introduced the concept of legal and illegal digital currencies. Strict restrictions on cryptocurrency circulation have been established, its methods and means of control are constantly being improved, law enforcement efforts are constantly increasing, and law enforcement targets are gradually being extended to key financial intermediaries. But against this background, the research and development of legal regulation of digital yuan circulation continues. Through regional pilot regimes, preparations have been made for the full-scale issuance and cross-border circulation of digital yuan, aiming at the internationalization of digital China. The analysis of the Chinese experience shows that modern states cannot completely avoid addressing the issue of legalization of digital currencies. Attempts to minimize systemic risks to economic and financial stability resulting from the spread of decentralized cryptocurrencies lead to the need to introduce digital currencies of a different quality — centralized banking digital currencies backed by the authority of the state.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ВАЛЮТЫ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РОССИИ

The article considers the peculiarities of the introduction of the national currency in Russia. The key aspects of the transition to a digital financial instrument are analyzed. The article also examines the readiness of citizens to the new form of currency, noting that one third of the population expresses readiness, but there is resistance and lack of awareness.

Применение цифровых технологий в сфере государственного управления на федеральном уровне и направления их совершенствования

The subject of the study is digital technologies used at the federal level in the field of public administration. The purpose of the work is to establish the importance of the use of digital technologies through the prism of the evolution of models of public (municipal) management — from "electronic democracy" to "digital government". It is postulated that the Russian Federation, like other developed countries, is currently at the stage of transition to the next stage of development of public management – the GovTech (Government Technology) model of government. However, it was determined that due to the limited use of the arsenal of digital tools and technologies within its framework, the process of such a transition may last indefinitely due to cyclization on one digital instrument of digital transformation of public administration - state digital platforms that do not involve the full range of GovTech technologies. It is established that, despite the use of artificial intelligence, blockchain, Internet of things and other "end-to-end" technologies in public management in domestic practice, they may not be enough to ensure a full-fledged transition of the Russian Federation to the GovTech-government model, and there is a need to review and improve the mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness and effectiveness of the results of experimental testing of the implementation such technologies and subsequently in the development of a new direction of public management – state management of digital technology experiments.

English-Medium Instruction for the Internationalization of the Curriculum: Teachers’ Motives and Expectations

This research article presents the results of a research that aimed to analyze the motives and expectations of teachers from a public university in northwestern Mexico when participating in the internationalization of the curriculum through Englishmedium instruction (EMI). The analysis is based on the variables such as discipline, seniority, type of contract and frequency of teaching in English. A mixed methodology was employed to analyze quantitative and qualitative data, collected through a digital instrument addressed to a total of 42 teachers who were accredited to teach subjects in English, and 36 complete questionnaires were answered. The results allow us to conclude that most professors from all disciplines agree that their main reason for participating in internationalization through EMI is “to support institutional initiatives”; in contrast, “receiving economic incentives from institutional programs” was a reason for participation with marked differences according to discipline and type of contract. The qualitative analysis concludes the existence of positive conceptions around this type of education, as it is favorable for the university and a possible source of economic remuneration. Although teachers express an intrinsic motivation towards training and teaching in English, the lack of equal economic incentives could be a cause of limited teacher participation.

Analysis of the information flux model among all the actors involved in the use of a Bridge Management System according to Italian Guidelines: the BMS as a collaborative workplace

Bridges are critical elements in an infrastructural system for the resilience of the transportation network. It is important to guarantee proper maintenance of these structures since they are strategic for the economic and social welfare and support access to emergency services.The adoption of Italian Guidelines for the classification, risk management, safety and monitoring of existing bridges primarily introduces common instructions in periodic bridge inspections. At the same time, they suggest the use of digital instruments to collect data derived by the application of the guidelines.Bridge Management Systems (BMS) can absolve to this requirement and represent an additional value compared to a mere digital archive. From one hand, they are a tool for bridge owners to manage information to guarantee a proper maintenance while complying with budget and founding limitations defined by the Ministry. On the other hand, technicians can exploit them for data collection during bridge inspections and in-depth structural assessment.Thus, the creation of a collaborative workplace is one of the main requirements in the construction of a valid BMS. However, the information fluxes among the subjects can be complex inside a BMS from a management point of view. For instance, BMS must be a place where technicians can insert and receive information accordingly to their task and expertise. For this reason, it is important to ensure the possibility to differentiate data access levels and associate data property and responsibility.After briefly discussing the roles of each actor - technicians, bridge owners, Ministry - involved in the use of a BMS, this paper describes the interaction among all these figures and provides the flux model that has been implemented in INBEE, a new BMS that applies the latest version of the Italian Guidelines.

Medium voltage digital instrument transformer

Instrument transformers with digital output provides significant advantages, including those related to increased reliability of power system operation. With the appearance of digital instrument transformers, the topology of the measurement channel and the functional purpose of its components change. This paper considers some function migration examples from protection devices to the primary converter (digital current and voltage transformer). Combined digital transformers expand the application area of distance protection principles, increase the fault location accuracy, as well as improve sensitivity and speed of single-phase earth fault (SPF) protection in 6-35 kV networks.

Private-Public Partnership in the Post-War Reconstruction of Ukraine

The article delineates the role of public-private partnership agreements in catalyzing post-war recovery in Ukraine. The paper examines the mobilization status of the Ukrainian economy and public administration in the context of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine. The authors emphasize the need for clarity and structure in legislation, along with refining management mechanisms for the effective fulfillment of security, defense, and post-war recovery needs, considering the experiences of countries that underwent wars or recovered from economic crises. The article underscores the mobilization potential of public-private partnership agreements, enabling the resolution of strategic tasks by utilizing business resources, particularly under the provision of state guarantees. The significance of the scientific, educational, and innovative components in recovery projects is discussed to support human capital and the regeneration of the country's economic potential based on modern technologies and approaches to economic organization. The authors highlight the opportunity to integrate PPP projects into regional recovery strategies through digital platforms for project coordination. The application of digital tools in PPP agreement implementation is noted to facilitate the integration of the scientific-educational component into PPP projects. Coordination of projects and strategies, coupled with the utilization of digital instruments, is deemed crucial for achieving economic and social impact from PPP projects. Additionally, in the post-military recovery context, this fosters openness in project discussions within the public sphere. The article outlines fundamental conditions for PPP effectiveness, involving legislative refinement to mitigate corruption risks and prevent social and economic inefficiencies. The increase in the number of concluded and implemented agreements in post-war reconstruction is identified as an indicator of the quality of legislation and public management.

The Use of QRIS in MSMEs in Cilegon City

Changes in people's lifestyles and advances in the development of financial technology (financial technology) currently have an impact on people's desire for fast, precise, and safe digital payment instruments Seeing the current growing trend, several marketplaces are starting to use QR-Code as a payment method. The system changed the habits of many people from initially making cash payments to cashless. This is used by micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) as a tool for simple and complicated financial transaction processes. The number of MSME players in Cilegon City is currently officially recorded at 18,117 business actors in 2023. This number is so large that the contribution of MSMEs to the economy of Cilegon City is felt, especially in terms of new workers. Therefore, this study is to determine the perception of MSME actors in using QRIS the methodology of this research is quantitative descriptive with saturated sampling techniques, the population in this study is 50 MSME actors in Cilegon City with a total sample of the population. The results in the perception of expediency get a percentage result of 72.2%, then in the perception of ease of getting 76.6% and the perception of risk get 69% so that it can be concluded that MSME actors feel helped by the payment system using QRIS

Development of Digital Diagnostic Test Instruments for Differentiated Learning Process in Elementary Schools

Developing diagnostic tests for differentiated learning in Kurikulum Merdeka is becoming increasingly important to address today's learning challenges. Diagnostic tests can help teachers more effectively identify students' needs and abilities so that they can improve learning effectiveness and better achieve learning goals in Kurikulum Merdeka. The aim of this research is to develop a digital diagnostic test instrument for the differentiated learning process for elementary school students that is valid and suitable for use. This research is development research. The product developed is a digital diagnostic test instrument. The results of the development research produced a digital diagnostic test instrument for the differentiated learning process in elementary schools that is valid and suitable for use in measuring the learning styles of elementary school students.