Digital Image Processing Applications Research Articles

Direct growth of ZnTe on Si(100) and Si(111) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy

ZnTe was directly grown on Si(100) and Si(111) substrate respectively using elemental sources by molecular beam epitaxy. It was found that ZnTe can be grown on both Si(111) and Si(100) substrates in alignment with the orientation of (111). A microscopic growth interface model of diamond crystal structure was proposed to explain this phenomenon. This is a supplement to the existing theory of predicting possible crystalline orientation alignment relationship based on lattice mismatch value in the heteroepitaxial growth on (100) surfaces of zinc blende structure. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was used to investigate the ZnTe(111)/Si(100) and ZnTe(111)/Si(100) interface. Application of digital image processing involving a filtered inverse fast Fourier transformation revealed an array of misfit dislocations at the ZnTe/Si(111) interface.

Kernel Hilbert space template-matching techniques for simultaneous determination of neutron source location and identity with a volumetrically-sensitive moderating-type neutron spectrometer

Hand-held instrumentation that can provide real-time information regarding the location and identity (i.e., type/radioisotope and local surrounding/shielding) of neutron radiation sources, via free neutron measurements alone, are of interest to non-proliferation, water/oil-exploration and related neutron scattering applications. In a previous report, template-matching techniques in two- and three-spatial dimensions were introduced as methods for simultaneously determining the horizontal-planar location and the identity of neutron radiation sources with a new class of volumetrically-sensitive moderating-type neutron spectrometer . Although these methods were shown to be quite promising for this new class of instrumentation, there are three significant factors that negatively affect their performance in practice: (1) there are a large number of templates of interest for most practical applications; (2) many of these templates are very similar (i.e., highly correlated or strongly degenerate); and, (3) the measurement data is superposed with environmental neutron scattering effects. In this work, kernel Hilbert space transformations, that have been proposed to solve analogous problems in digital image processing applications, are employed to overcome the aforementioned difficulties encountered when analyzing spectroscopic neutron radiation measurements via template-matching techniques, and a novel kernel Hilbert space template-matching algorithm is introduced. Four variants of this improved technique are tested and compared via MCNP6 simulation for efficacy of localization and identification of neutron radiation sources with this new class of neutron spectrometer.

Teledetección aplicada al mapeo geomorfológico de los volcanes de la cuenca alta del río Chaschuil, provincia de Catamarca, Argentina

Contexto: La cuenca alta del río Chaschuil se encuentra en las provincias geomorfológicas de codillera Frontal y sistema de Famatina, se extiende desde el límite superior de la cuenca, a los 26° 45' 6,35" de latitud S y 68° 2'22 15" de longitud O, hasta el volcán Aguas Calientes, a los 27° 13' 25,81" de latitud S y 68° 19'5 48" de longitud O. La zona se inserta en el Cinturón de Fuego del Pacífico, que se caracteriza por concentrar algunas zonas de subducción más importantes del mundo, donde se genera una intensa actividad sísmica y volcánica.
 Método: A través de operaciones estadísticas y numéricas aplicadas sobre los datos de las matrices que componen una imagen satelital, se generó la cartografía geomorfológica volcánica. Para dicho análisis, se utilizó el software libre SoPI 3.0, en el que se procesaron las imágenes satelitales Landsat 7 y 8, de los años 2002 y 2015. La cartografía fue elaborada en el software libre QGIS 3.2.2, con el apoyo del software libre Google Earth Pro.
 Resultados: Los mejores resultados del procesamiento digital se dieron en las bandas de rango visible y mediante distintas combinaciones de bandas en RGB. Se describen 13 aparatos volcánicos principales, altamente erosionados, con lavas pahoehoe asociadas; y erupciones secundarias, con lavas rugosas tipo aa sobrepuestas a las lavas más fluidas.
 Conclusiones: La aplicación del procesamiento digital de imágenes satelitales es una herramienta óptima para el estudio de estructuras volcánicas, que permite su delimitación y clasificación.

Change in the physical­mechanical and decorative properties of labradorite under thermal exposure

We have experimentally investigated samples from the four fields of coarse-grained labradorite, which is extracted in Ukraine. The samples of labradorite were tested at high temperatures of 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 °С. Red spots at the surface of samples is the result of oxidation of the metal Fe 2+ : at different fields of labradorite they cover a different area of the sample's surface of natural stone: it ranges from 39 to 60 %. An analysis of the polished labradorite surface after heating revealed that red inclusions are evenly distributed over the surface of labradorite samples. Oxidation of minerals, which is visually observed on all the samples of labradorite, starts at a temperature of 300 °С. One of the features in the research described in this paper is the application of digital image processing in order to quantitatively assess the Fe oxidation area (red spots) at the polished surface of labradorite samples. To a temperature of 500‒600 °С, there is a gradual increase in the oxidized area of the samples' surface. At temperatures above 700 °С, there is a sharp increase in the oxidized area at the samples' surface. In general, the oxidized spots of metals cover between 40 to 60 % of the surface of labradorite samples. When heated, the labradorite samples become 50 % brighter than the original value for indicator L in the color system Lab. A decrease in the velocity of ultrasonic wave propagation in labradorite samples occurs evenly, without surges. The reason for a decrease in the ultrasonic wave velocity is the formation of defects and cracks in labradorite samples due to an uneven thermal expansion of minerals. At a temperature of 700 °С ° or higher, there is a decrease in the velocity of ultrasound wave propagation in the samples of natural stone. At heating, there is a decrease in the indicators for gloss in all labradorite samples. In general, when labradorite was heated up to 900 °С, the samples from the Ocheretyansky deposit lost 11.21 % of their gloss, from the Neviryvsky deposit ‒ 4.03 %, from the Osnikivske deposit ‒ 33.57 %, from the Katerinovsky deposit ‒ 15.3 %.

Tingkat Ketepatan Hasil Perhitungan Integrasi Numerik Menggunakan Bahasa Pemrograman C# Pada Metode Reimann dan Trapesium

Numerical integration is one of several subjects in the numerical method subject that is applied to various universities. The existence of numerical integration has various roles in decision making, especially in science and technology. The application of numerical methods, based on several studies, included: numerical completion of the system of linear equations using relaxation method, Numerical Differential Application in Digital Image Processing (Application of Differential Numeric In Digital Image Processing), comparison of Gauss-Legendre method, Gauss-Lobatto and Gauss- Kronrod on the numerical integration of exponential functions, decreasing the solitary wave equation with a numerical second-order Fourier series, numerical integration using the quadratic Gauss method with a hermit interpolation approach and legendary polynomials. From several studies that have been carried out by various parties, there has not been found an approach to solving numerical integration using one of the programming languages such as the C ++ language, Fortran language, C # language and others, therefore in this study, the research raised numerical problems, especially numerical integration using the C # programming language. To make research using the C # programming language about the completion of numerical integration, it was carried out using two methods, the reimann method and the trapezoidal method. Both of these methods are applied, resulting in a calculation approach to analytic values, absolute errors, relative errors and calculation accuracy. Accuracy calculation uses C # (C-Sharp) programming language on Reimann and Trapezoida (Trapezoid) methods to calculate the area of building under the curve, resulting in high accuracy (99.74%) when using the reimann method and 99.49% when using the trapezoidal method) greatly influenced by the number of segments used in the calculation DOI : 10.29408/jit.v2i1.981

An Efficient Method for Euler’s Elastica Based Image Deconvolution

Variational models involving Euler's elastica energy have a wide range of applications in digital image processing. Recently, fast methods, such as the proximal-augmented Lagrangian method (PALM), have been successfully used to solve nonlinear higher order models for image restoration. In this paper, we extend fast method PALM to Euler's elastica deconvolution models with quadratic and nonquadratic fidelity terms. The proposed variational model can eliminate blur and noise and preserve edges while reducing the blocky and staircase artifacts during image restoration. We present an efficient and effective solution to the proposed minimization problems by a proximal-based numerical scheme. Our numerical experiments demonstrate several results on image deblurring and denoising, which shows a clear improvement of the proposed model over standard variational models such as total variation and Hessian-based model.

Comparative analysis of different Vedic algorithms for 8 × 8 binary multipliers

Multipliers are the basic building blocks of various processors; arithmetic and logical unit and they are widely used in digital signal processing and image processing applications such as convolution, DWT, DCT. In this paper, four separate algorithms for designing binary multipliers are adopted from the ancient Indian Book of Wisdom Sthapatya-veda (an Upa-veda of Atharvaveda). The current work mainly focuses on comparing the power, delay, look up table (LUT), noise margin of different multiplier algorithms using various sutra's of Vedic mathematics which has been implemented on Virtex 7 Board 1.1, using Xilinx Vivado version 14.2.

Comparative analysis of different Vedic algorithms for 8 × 8 binary multipliers

Multipliers are the basic building blocks of various processors; arithmetic and logical unit and they are widely used in digital signal processing and image processing applications such as convolution, DWT, DCT. In this paper, four separate algorithms for designing binary multipliers are adopted from the ancient Indian Book of Wisdom Sthapatya-veda (an Upa-veda of Atharvaveda). The current work mainly focuses on comparing the power, delay, look up table (LUT), noise margin of different multiplier algorithms using various sutra's of Vedic mathematics which has been implemented on Virtex 7 Board 1.1, using Xilinx Vivado version 14.2.

Proposal of a Medical Algorithm Based on the Application of Digital Image Processing and Visual Communication Techniques

Proposal of a Medical Algorithm Based on the Application of Digital Image Processing and Visual Communication Techniques

Clustering-based natural image denoising using dictionary learning approach in wavelet domain

The existence of noise is inevitable in real-world applications of digital image processing. Theoretically, image restoration is the process to recover high-quality images from noisy images using adequate techniques. One of the pivotal applications of natural image restoration is the noise reduction (denoising). In this study, clustering-based natural image denoising using dictionary learning algorithm in wavelet domain is proposed (CDLW). This algorithm is exploiting the second-generation wavelet clustering coefficients in the decomposition levels. The use of second-generation wavelet transform in the proposed algorithm has its purposes which promotes the sparsity and multiresolution representations. The significance of second-generation wavelet transform is utilized in order to promote the hierarchical property of CDLW, while sparsity with self-similarity of the image source is utilized to connect the clustered coefficients. Extensive experiments have been conducted in order to show the objective and subjective competitive performance and have shown convincing improvements over the best state-of-the-art denoising methods. Inspired by the nonlocal features of the proposed algorithm structure, the time complexity comparisons showed that CDLW has the most efficient performance in the execution time compared to the rest of algorithms under investigation.

An error-efficient Gaussian filter for image processing by using the expanded operand decomposition logarithm multiplication

Digital signal processing and image processing applications require the noise free and efficient arithmetic operations. To overcome the noise problem, an efficient expanded operand decomposition (ExOD) based logarithm multiplication is proposed and applied for convolution of Gaussian smoothing filter to minimize the noise. The ExOD approach improves the average error percentage (AEP), mean square error (MSE) and the error rate in comparison of reported operand decomposition (OD) and improved operand decomposition (IOD). The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), MSE and the AEP of the ExOD logarithm multiplication method are improved as compared to the reported logarithm multiplication to the convolution operation. The ExOD method for logarithmic multiplication gives AEP of 0.276, 0.294 and 0.309%, whereas Mitchell’s algorithm gives 2.702, 2.661 and 2.830%, OD-Mitchell’s multiplication gives 1.441, 1.449 and 2.170% and IOD-Mitchell’s multiplication gives 1.627, 1.678 and 2.064% for 4-, 8-, and 16-bit operations respectively. ExOD-Mitchell’s multiplication gives 1.867% MSE, 45.453 db PSNR and 0.293% AEP, whereas Mitchell’s algorithm gives 18.688% MSE, 35.449 db PSNR and 2.731% AEP, OD-Mitchell’s multiplication gives 9.877% MSE, 38.218 db PSNR and 1.686% AEP and IOD-Mitchell’s multiplication gives 10.866% MSE, 37.804 db PSNR and 1.789% AEP. The proposed ExOD based Mitchell algorithm multiplication has useful applications in image processing with efficient accuracy.

Optimization of Power and Area in Multipliers for Image Processing Applications

Objectives: This paper is aimed to find a multiplier to provide a physically compact high speed and low power consumption unit. Being a core part of arithmetic processing unit multipliers are in extremely high demand on its speed and low power consumption. Multiplier plays an important role in today’s digital image processing and various other applications. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In modern embedded electronics devices, power consumption is a first-class design concern. Hardware-level approximation mainly targets arithmetic units, such as adders and multipliers, widely used in portable devices to implement multimedia algorithms, e.g., image and video processing. Findings: Compressor has 5 inputs A, B, C, D and Cin to create 3 outputs Sum, Carry and Cout. The 4 inputs A, B, C and D and the output Sum has identical weight. The input Cin is output from a preceding lower widespread compressor and the Cout output is for the compressor inside the next significant level. Application/Improvements: The approximation multiplier is used to improve the speed and efficiency. It is used to reduce the area and time consumption. It is widely used in the digital image processing, FIR filters, reduce the multiplication procedure. Keywords: Approximation Multiplier, Adder, Model Sim, Shifter, Multiplexer

Image Segmentation Using Minimum Spanning Tree

This research aim to segmented the digital image. The process of segmentation is to separate the object from the background. So the main object can be processed for the other purposes. Along with the development of technology in digital image processing application, the segmentation process becomes increasingly necessary. The segmented image which is the result of the segmentation process should accurate due to the next process need the interpretation of the information on the image. This article discussed the application of minimum spanning tree on graph in segmentation process of digital image. This method is able to separate an object from the background and the image will change to be the binary images. In this case, the object that being the focus is set in white, while the background is black or otherwise.

Implementation of NOGIE and NOWGIE for Human Skin Detection

The Digital image processing is one of the most widely implemented fields worldwide. The most applied applications of digital image processing are facial recognition, finger print recognition, medical imaging, law enforcement, cyber-crime investigation, identification of various diseases and criminals, etc. The subject to be discussed in this article is skin detection. Skin detection has solved many serious problems related to digital image process. It is one of the main features in making an intelligent image processing system. The proposed methodology conducts an improved and well enhanced skin detection, the skin and non-skin parts are divided from an input image or video, noise is removed, HSV is applied which also acts as a color model that generates more better results in accordance to RGB or YCbCr for skin and face identification. The algorithms, NOGIE (Noise Object Global Image Enhancement) and NOWGIE (Noise Object with Global Image Enhancement) are applied separately on the input and the results can be compared for better perception and understanding of the applied skin detection techniques, the skin parts are highlighted as “White” while the Non-skin parts are highlighted as “Black”. The results are different NOWGIE gives better results than the NOGIE due to the image enhancement technique. This methodology is subjected to be implemented in special security drones for the identification of suspects, terrorists and spy’s the algorithms provides the ability to detect humans from a non-skin background making an autonomous and excellent security system.

Multi-layer security of color image based on chaotic system combined with RP2DFRFT and Arnold Transform

The security system for RGB image information is very critical issue in current time. In this security system, we have proposed an algorithm for encryption and decryption of RGB images by using chaotic system based scrambling combined with reality preserving two dimensional discrete fractional Fourier transform (RP2DFRFT) and Arnold transform (AT). Earlier developed security system for RGB image data provides only one layer of protection either in time domain or in frequency domain. But presented cryptosystem provides multi-layer security for RGB image in time as well as in frequency domain with no loss of any information of red (R), green (G) and blue (B) components. The algorithms of existing techniques for the security of color images are mostly based on keys, but the proposed cryptosystem provides security of color images on the basis of the keys as well as the arrangement of used algorithms and parameters. Additionally, the use of reality preserving method not just eliminates the complexity of dealing with imaginary data, but it also enhances the efficiency of the technique by reducing the domain space to its half, at least for all the calculations involved in two dimensional DFRFT. The sensitivity analysis of the proposed technique represents that the encryption keys are very sensitive. Results on standard examples and their security and statistical analysis for color images are testimony to the robustness and appropriateness of the presented technique. This method would find a large applications in digital color image processing and security of color image transmission in open network.

Application of digital image processing in slope surface runoff velocity analysis under simulated rainfall conditions

Abstract To have accurate runoff velocity, there is need to improve dye tracer method for estimating surface runoff velocity. This can enhance the calculations of relevant hydrologic parameters that will lead to a better understanding of hydrological processes and soil erosion. In this study, an integrated dye tracer and image processing method (IPV) and dye tracer method (AOV), respectively, were used to estimate runoff velocity under three slope gradients (5°, 10°, and 15°) and three slope positions (up-slope, mid-slope, and down-slope). The results showed more variation in runoff velocity under IPV than AOV. Both IPV and AOV were positively correlated with slope gradient. IPV values were close to AOV ones for slope gradients ≤5°, but were significantly different for slope gradients ≥10°. The mean AOV value was 10.6% higher than that of IPV. Regression analysis showed that compared with AOV, IPV overestimated and underestimated runoff under low and high runoff velocity conditions, respectively. The use of image processing in IPV was advantageous because of its ease of use with fewer artificial errors and its suitability for lateral diffusion of runoff. Irrespectively, additional studies are needed to verify and/or improve further the use of this method in runoff velocity analysis.

Histogram Equalization for Improving Quality of Low-resolution Ultrasonography Images

The current development of digital image processing techniques have been very rapid. Application of digital image processing both hardware and software are available with a variety of features as a form of superiority. Medical ultrasonography is one of the results of digital image processing technology. It is a kind of diagnostic imaging technique with ultrasonic that is used to produce images of internal organs and muscles, size, structure, and wound pathology, which makes this technique is useful for checking organ. However the images produced by low resolution ultrasonography device is not fully produce clear information. In this research we use histogram equalization to improve image quality. In this paper we emphasize on the comparison of the two methods in the histogram equalization, namely Enhance Contrast Using Histogram Equalization (ECHE) and Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). The results showed that CLAHE give the best results, with the parameter value Nbins 256 and Distribution Rayleigh with MSE value 9744.80 and PSNR value 8.284150.

Segmentasi Citra Mri Menggunakan Deteksi Tepi Untuk Identifikasi Kanker Payudara

One type of cancer that is capable identified using MRI technology is breast cancer. Breast cancer is still the leading cause of death world. therefore early detection of this disease is needed. In identifying breast cancer, a doctor or radiologist analyzing the results of magnetic resonance image that is stored in the format of the Digital Imaging Communication In Medicine (DICOM). It takes skill and experience sufficient for diagnosis is appropriate, andaccurate, so it is necessary to create a digital image processing applications by utilizing the process of object segmentation and edge detection to assist the physician or radiologist in identifying breast cancer. MRI image segmentation using edge detection to identification of breast cancer using a method stages gryascale change the image format, then the binary image thresholding and edge detection process using the latest Robert operator. Of the20 tested the input image to produce images with the appearance of the boundary line of each region or object that is visible and there are no edges are cut off, with the average computation time less than one minute.

Matemática difusa y complejos cúbicos

La matemática difusa generaliza los conceptos tradicionales de la matemática utilizando los llamados conjuntos difusos, lo que permite modelar y estudiar de manera más apropiada fenómenos caracterizados por su imprecisión. Estas generalizaciones incluyen conceptos de álgebra, análisis y topología, entre otros. Por otra parte, los complejos cúbicos tienen aplicaciones al procesamiento de imágenes digitales y al estudio de los sistemas dinámicos, pero en la literatura actual no hay una extensión de sus propiedades utilizando conjuntos difusos. En este documento se propone una generalización del concepto de complejo cúbico y de algunas de sus características, tales como realización poliédrica, conexidad, componente conexa y agujero, utilizando conjuntos difusos. Se definen los árboles superior e inferior de un complejo cúbico difuso, los cuales proporcionan información sobre la manera en la que están relacionados sus extremos regionales. También se definen los grupos de homología de estos complejos cúbicos difusos y se demuestra que el rango del 0-grupo de homología de un nivel dado es igual al número de máximos regionales de dicho nivel. Por último, se muestra cómo se le puede asociar un complejo cúbico difuso a una imagen digital bidimensional en tonos de gris para estudiar algunas de sus propiedades topológicas.

Patterns produced when soil is transferred to bras by placing and dragging actions: The application of digital photography and image processing to support visible observations

A series of soil transference experiments (STEs) were undertaken to determine whether patterns identified in laboratory experiments could also be recognised at a simulated crime scene in the field. A clothed 55kg human rescue dummy dressed in a padded bra was either dragged or merely placed on a soil surface at sites with natural and anthropogenic soil types under both wet and dry soil conditions. Transfer patterns produced by dragging compared favourably with those of laboratory experiments. Twelve patterns were identified when a clothed human rescue dummy was dragged across the two soil types in the field. This expanded the original set of eight soil transfer patterns identified from dragging weighted fabric across soil samples in the laboratory.Soil transferred by placing the human rescue dummy resulted in a set of six transfer patterns that were different to those produced by dragging. By comparing trace soil patterns transferred to bras using each transfer method, it was revealed that certain transfer patterns on bras could indicate how the fabric had made contact with a soil surface. A photographic method was developed for crime scene examiners to capture this often subtle soil evidence before a body is transported or the clothing removed.This improved understanding of the dynamics of soil transference to bras and related clothing fabric may assist forensic investigators reconstruct the circumstances of a variety of forensic events.