Digital Components Research Articles

USE OF COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES WITH A DIGITAL COMPONENT AS A MAINSTREAM IN THE ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES

The article considers topical issues of use of public authorities (hereafter – PA), and both state and local self-government, communication technologies with a digital component (hereafter – CTwDC), which is especially important in the context of ensuring in Ukraine the foundations of the people's power and the development of the information society. It is determined that to increase the efficiency of communications, PA should use all their types (oral, written, visual) and the corresponding models in digital (electronic) form. It is shown that this allows PA to achieve the intended results based on the use of certain means of communication and special forms of their organization in the form of communication technologies. Applied communication technologies, which are widely used in the activities of PA, include the following: information and communication, documentary and communication, electronic governance, electronic democracy, communication strategy and social media. It is noted that information and communication technologies, which are digital by definition, when they are superposed with other communication technologies, form a digital component. It has been noted that this component allows to significantly increase the communication influence of PA on the target audiences (public, business, other authorities). It has been established that the main areas of use of PA communication CTwDC with a digital component are their operational activities, as well as activities on the provision of digital public services, increasing digital literacy of citizens and the development of digital infrastructure and digital economy. At the same time, the main means of CTwDC are: for information and communication technologies – the world wide web, internal portals and IT classes for training; documentary and communication technologies – electronic document management systems, registration and accounting systems and databases; electronic governance technologies – electronic governance portals (in particular, «Action,» which is combined with the Centers for the Provision of Administrative Services) and state electronic systems; electronic democracy technologies – PA sites, electronic services for citizens’ participation in public administration and quick response to their appeals; technologies for building a communication strategy – communication strategies of PA, as well as strategies for providing public services, bridging the digital divide, creating smart cities and smart communities, interaction between authorities, business and science; social media technologies – applications, chatbots, social networks and blogs.

HYPERTEXT CASE MODEL FOR TEACHING SEMANTIC READING TO SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MATH LESSONSPROBLEMS OF MANAGING A CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM IN THE PRESENCE OF MALFUNCTIONS IN IT

The study of various properties of information-technical systems from the point of view of interaction of their physical and digital components is a new and actual direction of modern science of cyber-physical systems. When considering modern cyber-physical systems, various authors recommend considering them as complex systems within the framework of system analysis. Due to the complexity of systems, adaptive algorithms should be relied upon in human-machine interaction. In this case, the specialist is seen as a decision maker. In the course of his work, he will strive to ensure the required mode of functioning of the cyber-physical system, including in the presence of faults in it. This paper proposes to consider the possible actions of a specialist in a cyber-physical system from the perspective of a simulation experiment. The paper provides an illustration of an algorithm scheme related to adaptive resource selection in a cyber-physical system. The scheme of rational decision making when resources are selected is shown. A methodology for generating logic models is proposed. The paper shows how game modeling can be applied to cyber-physical systems. The results obtained in this paper can be applied to a wide range of cyberphysical systems.

HYBRID BEAMFORMING FOR MULTIBEAM PHASED ARRAY RECEVIERS

In the search for enhanced wireless communication systems, multibeam phased array receivers have gained prominence. They promise to significantly boost data rates, reduce latency, and improve reliability. However, implementing multibeam receivers with traditional beamforming techniques can be challenging due to the high computational demands and the need for multiple radio frequency (RF) chains. Hybrid beamforming combines the advantages of digital and analog beamforming to strike a balance between performance and complexity. Our research delves into the following aspects of Hybrid beamforming for multibeam phased array receivers: Reduced Hardware Complexity: By blending digital and analog beamforming, we reduce the number of required RF chains, making multibeam receivers more cost-effective. Enhanced Beam Steering: Hybrid beamforming maintains precise control over multiple beams, ensuring efficient signal reception and transmission. Real-World Applications: We discuss practical applications in 5G and beyond, satellite communications, and radar systems. The paper delves into the fundamental concepts of analog and digital beamforming, illustrating their respective strengths and limitations. It then presents the architecture of hybrid beamforming systems, emphasizing the synergistic integration of analog and digital components. Special attention is given to the design considerations of beamforming networks, antenna arrays, and the beam steering mechanism. KEYWORDS Hybrid Beamforming , Phased Array , Multi-Beam , Analog Beamforming , Digital Beamforming , Beamforming Networks , Antenna Array , Beam Steering , Spatial Multiplexing , Precoding , Channel Estimation , Interference Mitigation , Power Consumption , Millimeter Wave (mmWave) , 5G and Beyond .

THE PRACTICE OF BROADCASTING THE DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ANDRAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF TEACHERS

Background. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to significantly increase the percentage of the introduction of digital technologies in the educational process.
 Purpose. The authors of the article aim to form a model for the implementation of the process of andragogical support of teachers, developed in the context of the digitalization of modern society and aimed at mastering the elements of the digital educational environment by teachers, taking into account new tools and services.
 Materials and methods. The achievement of the goals set in the work was carried out on the basis of general scientific research methods within the framework of comparative, theoretical analysis of scientific literature and normative documents on the methodological foundations of the organization of the processes of andragogical support of teachers within the digital educational environment. In the empirical part of the study, the authors visualized the process of organizing additional education for teachers on the basis of the Orenburg State Pedagogical University through the method of practical modeling.
 Results. The analysis of scientific literature and normative documents in the field of andragogical support of a teacher allowed the authors to identify and characterize three key components of digitalization of the teacher support process in modern society. The assessment of the content component of these components and the practical experience of broadcasting the digital educational environment in the context of the implementation of andragogical support of teachers allowed the authors to develop a model for organizing additional teacher education. Using the example of this model, the possibilities of using the advantages of digital technologies in the additional education of a teacher are shown.
 Practical implications. The results obtained can be applied in the system of additional education of teachers.

Impact of Digitalization on Global Sustainable Development Across Countries

This study develops an economic development index, a social development index, an environmental sustainability index, and an information and communication technology index to explore the comparison of 34 countries in global sustainable development (GSD) and its promoting indicators, and digitalization. The composite Z-score method is used to create the above-mentioned indexes between 2000 - 2021. The statistical values of these indexes are used to explicate the performance of these countries in all components of sustainable development and digitalization. The correlation coefficients among the mentioned indicators are also estimated to measure associations among them. The regression coefficients of explanatory variables with GSD and digitalization are also estimated using a log-linear regression model. There is reported a high diversity in digitalization, economic development (ED), social development (SD), environmental sustainability (ES), and GSD across countries. GSD is not possible without ED, SD, and ES. Digitalization has a positive impact on sustainable, social, and economic development. Digital technology helps to increase GSD, while GSD seems favorable to increasing digitalization. Digitalization improves as ED, SD, and GSD increase. While digitalization has a negative impact on ES. Green innovation, green and appropriate technologies, green entrepreneurship, and technological advancement would be supportive to increase digitalization and GSD.

The Embodiment of Digital Art Elements in Traditional Cultural and Creative Product Designs

Abstract In order to extract the image path of traditional cultural and creative items, we set the binary image target of such products to be black and the backdrop to be white in this research. We followed the use of image vectorization processing technology. In order to address the issue of edge jaggedness in the traditional cultural and creative product image path extraction process, polygonal contour fitting is utilized to optimize the image paths of these products, resulting in the creation of a vector map of these products. The PCA point cloud alignment technique is used, based on the vector map of traditional cultural and creative products, to identify the attributes of these items and build a model of their traditional cultural and creative product design that incorporates digital art. After choosing dependent and independent variables, traditional cultural and creative product design, including digital art aspects, is studied and analyzed using linear quantile regression. The findings demonstrate that all of the value-added ratio’s coefficients are significant and bigger at the 0.2 and 0.95 quantile points, suggesting that raising the ratio can aid in the merger of digital art and more established creative and cultural sectors. The medium (M=3.586) and small standard deviation of the traditional cultural and creative items incorporating digital art suggest that the use function and cost-effectiveness of these products have a stronger influence on purchase motivation. This research encourages the fusion of digital art components with conventional cultural and artistic output in order to give traditional culture a fresh lease of life in the information era.

THE READYR PROGRAM FOR WELL-BEING IN DEMENTIA: PILOT STUDY AND SIX-MONTH FOLLOW-UP RESULTS AMONG SPOUSE–PARTNER DYADS

Abstract The READyR Program assesses and targets everyday routines of care dyads (older adults with cognitive impairment and their co-habiting partners) using in-home sensors and video-conference sessions in order to understand future care needs, and promote greater well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and pilot test of efficacy for READyR. Fifteen dyads (96% married) were enrolled in the 6-month study, and randomized to immediately join READyR (n=8 dyads) or to complete READyR after an educational control condition (n=7 dyads). Feasibility was high: 100% of enrolled dyads completed ≥1 session; 80% completed all sessions. Acceptability was also high: responding participants (n=26) reported that READyR helped them express their care values and understand their care needs (92%), that they were comfortable sharing their views (92%) and doing so with their partner present (96%). Hearing and visual impairments were reported to interfere with online sessions for 4 and 6 participants, respectively, but 93% of participants reported that the digital components were easy to use and understand. After receiving the READyR sessions, awareness of future care needs among care partners increased (d = 0.85) and relationship strain for both dyad members decreased (d = 0.58–0.82), when compared to changes among participants in the active control group. No effect was observed on participants’ quality of life, mood, or care-related strain at post-test or at 6 month follow-up. As a remote dyadic intervention, READyR is feasible, acceptable, and may help dyads decrease strain in the care relationship and prepare for future care needs.

Research of Innovative Library Technologies and Activities of Libraries for Children in Dissertation Works of Ukrainian Scientists

The purpose of the article is to analyze the main directions of dissertation research by Ukrainian scientists regarding the use of innovative technologies in libraries, with an emphasis on libraries for children. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization, etc.) and special research methods based on the specifics of the scientific task (bibliographic, information analysis, descriptive content analysis, etc.). The scientific novelty of the study consists in highlighting the main directions of dissertation work on the use of information technologies in libraries for children, with an outline of the prospects for further research. Conclusions. The main task of the modern library is the constant expansion of its activities. In the conditions of digitization of society, access to them should be obtained by anyone who has a computer or other technological device connected to the Internet, and accordingly - to the library network. Therefore, in a modern library, in particular, a children's library, a wide variety of digital elements and resources are increasingly offered for use, all that is necessary for adaptation to new technologies and to meet the dynamic needs of users. The library should not oppose digitalization, but on the contrary - unite with it, the use of digital technologies should become a normal and necessary condition of its services. All these aspects of transformational changes should not only be taken into account in the activities of the library for children, but also actively studied within the framework of librarian science. At the moment, it is possible to note sufficient articulation in the dissertation works of Ukrainian scientists of the main aspects of informatization, which is considered the foundation of the development of digital technologies. However, the latter has not yet received significant attention in the work of librarians. In addition, it is worthy of attention to study the main directions, functions and components of digitalization of libraries for children, which, in our opinion, as high-tech multimedia environments involving the tools of the information and communication approach are able to implement the main tasks of the socio-cultural mission - socialization, inculturation, formation of interest in reading and teaching. Keywords: information technologies, library, children's library, digitization, dissertation research, Ukrainian scientists.

A Study of Digital Financial Inclusion in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies

Around the world, high inflation, slow economic growth and food shortages are hurting the poor the most. To address this, the World Bank is committed to expanding financial inclusion through digitization. The rapidly expanding sector of digital finance has the potential to help poor nations in a variety of ways with long-term growth. Expanding people's access to financial services in developing nations is one of these methods, which can also increase economic development and tax income. In order for underprivileged individuals, particularly women, to participate in the contemporary economy, it is crucial that they have access to digital financial services. Global poverty has greatly grown as the unequal consequences of Covid phase have come to light and the present numerous crises have already drastically reversed growth. Positively, the Covid crisis has sparked unheard-of transformation, particularly in sectors with a significant digital component. Digital technology can be a game changer in tackling the multi-decadal challenge of achieving universal financial inclusion. The financial services that are available and used in developing economies have risen as a result of the digital revolution. The fast adoption of digital technology in the countries over the past 15 years has served as the basis for a number of success stories among the members. With great success, the emerging economies have taken important steps to promote financial inclusion online in their countries. Universal financial inclusion has been one of the major developmental priorities for the developing countries over the last few decades. Governments and central banks of the developing countries have undertaken several initiatives to ensure access and affordability of financial services to all sections of the society, especially the weaker sections and low-income groups.

Digitalization Components at Strategizing Digital Transformation in Organizations

This paper delves into the pivotal role of digitalization in the gap analysis process within contemporary organizations. As organizations increasingly navigate the complexities of the digital age, this study explores how integrating digital components transforms the conventional gap analysis methodology. The syntheses of the gap analysis and digitalization component give a thorough overview of the components that can enhance the gap analysis to be more precise and accurate in bridging the gap within the digital common issues that arise in organizations. The synthesis is based on a review of the latest research and literature on gap analysis and digital transformation to highlight the significant components of digitalization offers such as Business and Governance (Domain, Business, and People), Technology (Data, Application, and Infrastructure), and Innovation into gap analysis for digital transformation strategic planning for organizations. Ultimately, companies striving to strengthen their digital capabilities and accomplish their digital transformation objectives will benefit greatly from the inclusion of the critical importance of embracing digitalization as an integral component in the modern gap analysis framework, enabling organizations to thrive in a rapidly evolving business environment.

Developing a 15-minute city: Evaluating urban quality using configurational analysis. The case study of Terni and Matera, Italy

the pandemic and the post-pandemic scenarios pose the question of a radical transformation of cities based on criteria of diversity, density, and proximity to foster inclusion, sustainability, participation, and quality of life. The 15-minute city emerges as a robust concept to inform the adaptation of the urban environment to the post-pandemic scenario. The 15-minute city concept combines the components of density, proximity, diversity, and digitalization to increase residents' access to basic services, favour sustainable modes of transportation, and transform public urban spaces into multifunctional places. The proposed study focuses on the dimensions of density, proximity, and diversity. It develops a set of indicators derived from the configurational analysis to evaluate urban quality in terms of the potential to actualize the 15-minute city concept. The selected areas of study are the cities of Terni and Matera in Italy. The study addresses three issues: i) defining a set of relevant, reproducible, and comparable indicators for measuring density, proximity, diversity, and imageability at the district scale; ii) investigating the influence of distinct urban planning concepts, manifested and reproduced by the configuration of public spaces, on density, proximity, diversity, and imageability; and iii) defining urban scale metrics to measure levels of spatial injustice in terms of unequal conditions of access to basic services. The analysis underlines the gap in terms of access to basic services and imageability among central compact districts and dispersed outer areas. As a result, the case study underlines that the proposed set of indicators is instrumental to understanding the urban environment's potential to meet the needs of urban populations. Moreover, by enabling the identification of inequalities in the distribution of spatial capital, the proposed set of indicators facilitates informed decisions in the context of urban planning.

МЕТОДИКА ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОНЯТЬ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ SOFT SKILLS ЦИФРОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

The article is devoted to the problem of distinguishing the concepts of digital transformation, digitalization, digital technologies and soft skills of digital technologies, the structure and content of each of them is created. The concept of digital transformation is considered as the introduction of innovative technologies (artificial intelligence, cloud solutions, data analytics, the Internet of Things, etc.) into the life of society, which automatically changes the corporate culture and processes of using the power of these technologies. It’s not just a software or hardware update. it is a change in the way of thinking and new rules of doing business in a world where innovative technologies instantly determine the general rules of the game. Therefore, the concepts of digitization and digital technologies will be derived here. Having important conclusions about digital transformation, digitization and digital technologies, we came to the conclusion that digital components effectively contribute to the development of digital competences in the whole variety of digital soft skills. Digital technology is a big world where information is converted into bits, qubits, and trips and used for data processing, transmission, and storage. The structure of the concept of soft skills of digital technologies is clearly shown. It covers 12 concepts and 34 connections between them. They cover communication and collective platforms, time management, problem solving, critical thinking, adaptation, writing computer programs, programming languages, and others.

Explainable, interpretable, and trustworthy AI for an intelligent digital twin: A case study on remaining useful life

Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine learning (ML) are increasingly used for digital twin development in energy and engineering systems, but these models must be fair, unbiased, interpretable, and explainable. It is critical to have confidence in AI’s trustworthiness. ML techniques have been useful in predicting important parameters and improving model performance. However, for these AI techniques to be useful in making decisions, they need to be audited, accounted for, and easy to understand. Therefore, the use of explainable AI (XAI) and interpretable machine learning (IML) is crucial for the accurate prediction of prognostics, such as remaining useful life (RUL), in a digital twin system to make it intelligent while ensuring that the AI model is transparent in its decision-making processes and that the predictions it generates can be understood and trusted by users. By using an explainable, interpretable, and trustworthy AI, intelligent digital twin systems can make more accurate predictions of RUL, leading to better maintenance and repair planning and, ultimately, improved system performance. This paper aims to explain the ideas of XAI and IML and justify the important role of AI/ML for the digital twin components, which requires XAI to understand the prediction better. This paper explains the importance and fundamentals of XAI and IML in both local and global aspects in terms of feature selection, model interpretability, and model diagnosis and validation to ensure the reliable use of trustworthy AI/ML applications for RUL prediction.

Smart Lithium-Ion Battery Monitoring in Electric Vehicles: An AI-Empowered Digital Twin Approach

This paper presents a transformative methodology that harnesses the power of digital twin (DT) technology for the advanced condition monitoring of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EVs). In contrast to conventional solutions, our approach eliminates the need to calibrate sensors or add additional hardware circuits. The digital replica works seamlessly alongside the embedded battery management system (BMS) in an EV, delivering real-time signals for monitoring. Our system is a significant step forward in ensuring the efficiency and sustainability of EVs, which play an essential role in reducing carbon emissions. A core innovation lies in the integration of the digital twin into the battery monitoring process, reshaping the landscape of energy storage and alternative power sources such as lithium-ion batteries. Our comprehensive system leverages a cloud-based IoT network and combines both physical and digital components to provide a holistic solution. The physical side encompasses offline modeling, where a long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm trained with various learning rates (LRs) and optimized by three types of optimizers ensures precise state-of-charge (SOC) predictions. On the digital side, the digital twin takes center stage, enabling the real-time monitoring and prediction of battery activity. A particularly innovative aspect of our approach is the utilization of a time-series generative adversarial network (TS-GAN) to generate synthetic data that seamlessly complement the monitoring process. This pioneering use of a TS-GAN offers an effective solution to the challenge of limited real-time data availability, thus enhancing the system’s predictive capabilities. By seamlessly integrating these physical and digital elements, our system enables the precise analysis and prediction of battery behavior. This innovation—particularly the application of a TS-GAN for data generation—significantly contributes to optimizing battery performance, enhancing safety, and extending the longevity of lithium-ion batteries in EVs. Furthermore, the model developed in this research serves as a benchmark for future digital energy storage in lithium-ion batteries and comprehensive energy utilization. According to statistical tests, the model has a high level of precision. Its exceptional safety performance and reduced energy consumption offer promising prospects for sustainable and efficient energy solutions. This paper signifies a pivotal step towards realizing a cleaner and more sustainable future through advanced EV battery management.

Interest in and barriers to online ESOL instruction for adults during and beyond COVID‐19: Exploring relationships with sociodemographics and English proficiency

AbstractDigital divides mean that marginalized groups such as adults who speak English as a second or other language (ESOL) are less likely to have access to online instruction. Higher levels of English proficiency are associated with better health and employment; therefore, access to ESOL classes is essential. We investigated how sociodemographics and English proficiency relate to adult learners' preferences for, and barriers to, online instruction of ESOL during and beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic. Sixty‐one adults completed a survey on their pandemic experiences, demographics, and ESOL classes. Analyses showed nonsignificant relationships between interest in online instruction and internet access, education, income, and age. Respondents reported expecting more nondigital than digital barriers to online instruction overall. Expecting to encounter digital barriers did not constrain respondents' interest in future online instruction; however, beginner‐proficiency individuals had higher interest than those with intermediate or no proficiency. Of the five specific types of remote instruction included in the survey, learning to use new technologies interested most respondents the most. Results will inform ESOL practitioners and administrations as they continue to develop online or digital literacies components for their classes.

Structure and features of intellectual capital of digital cyber-social industrial ecosystems of cluster type

Aim. To clarify the structure and identify the features of intellectual capital of cyber-social industrial ecosystems of cluster type.Objectives. To determine the structure of intellectual capital of cyber-social intelligent industrial ecosystems of cluster type; to reveal the features of intellectual capital of cyber-social intelligent industrial ecosystems of cluster type; to clarify the definition of the concept of intellectual capital of cyber-social intelligent industrial ecosystems of cluster type.Methods. The research is based on a combination of basic methods of general scientific and natural-scientific cognition, includes the study of scientific literature on the topic, the use of observation, analysis and synthesis methods. The article reflects the results of retrospective analysis of scientific literature. For a more visual representation of the results of the study the graphical method was used.Results. Ensuring sustainable economic growth and labor productivity growth is one of the most important tasks of the state and large economic entities, which today is implemented at the expense of and in the conditions of digitalization development. With this in mind, industrial enterprises are undergoing significant changes in the philosophy of their existence and functioning. In the article we consider cyber-social intelligent industrial ecosystems of cluster type as more advanced forms of organization of interaction between economic entities and their intellectual capital. In the process of the research the structure of intellectual capital of cyber-social intelligent industrial ecosystems of cluster type, consisting of three levels, is defined. The peculiarities of the third level of the structure of intellectual capital of cyber-social intellectual industrial ecosystems of cluster type, which distinguish it from the intellectual capital of industrial clusters, are revealed. Digital structural captal as the most significant part is highlighted. In connection with the mentioned cybersociality of the cluster-type ecosystems under consideration, as well as in view of the increasing influence of the smart (intellectual) environment on them, the intellectual relational capital is divided into intra-ecosystem and extra-ecosystem capital. The definition of the concept of intellectual capital of cyber-social intelligent industrial ecosystem of cluster type, which reflects the importance of the digital component of the capital and the continuous nature of transformations arising from the evolving coherent multi-actor network of subjects, is given with clarifications.Conclusions. The research allowed us to propose a refined understanding of intellectual capital of cyber-social intellectual industrial ecosystem of cluster type and to form its structure taking into account the differences between the intellectual capital of cyber-social intellectual industrial ecosystems of cluster type and the intellectual capital of industrial clusters.

Capability of Higher Education in Overcoming Digital Inequality in the Conditions of the Crisis in Ukraine

Abstract The purpose of the article is to assess the gap between people’s readiness for effective activity in the digital economy and to identify the functional capabilities of universities to reduce this gap. The research used methods of generalizations, logical, systematic, and comparative analysis, and statistical-economic, sociological, and economic-mathematical methods and techniques. The results of the study showed that the digitalization of the economy, the state, and society, which is taking place in Ukraine, requires a significant increase in the level of society’s readiness for digital changes. For effective integration into the digital environment, in particular in the field of education, it is necessary to create a digital infrastructure that meets EU standards. The authors conducted a study of the development of the digital inclusive component of the regions of Ukraine.Proposed ways of digital development of society. In particular, it has been proven that promoting the development of the provision of educational services improves the digital literacy of the population for daily tasks and for employers to minimize the gaps between the digital environment and people’s skills. It is substantiated that the acquisition of new digital skills and competencies of employees requires the development of training networks and the improvement of foreign language knowledge, both for young people and for other generations.

Integration of data acquisition system for rainfall measurement on IoT-based tipping bucket rain gauge

Rainfall is an important parameter in determining weather conditions. Rainfall data can be used for various purposes, such as for consideration in planning a civil building. If rainfall cannot be measured properly, it will result in an inaccurate design. In actual conditions, rain gauges are usually placed in locations far from power sources. However, to obtain data in digital form, a power source is required. In obtaining digital data, electronic components and monitoring systems are needed which require a power source and an internet connection to send measurement data to the website. The rainfall gauge used in this study is of the tipping bucket type. In the rain gauge used, there is a magnetic switch that functions to calculate the tip that occurs when it rains so that the rainfall value is obtained. The rainfall gauge used in this study has an accuracy of 97.85%. This tool is equipped with an IoT-based monitoring system, namely using a website. Based on the results of the tests that have been carried out, and the range of rainfall per 5 minutes that can be measured is 0 mm-74,5 mm, the range of rainfall per 1 hour that can be measured is 0 mm-894 mm, and the range of rainfall per 1 day that can be measured is 0 mm-21456 mm. In receiving data from the rainfall gauge used in this study, the Arduino Mega microcontroller and the GSM 808 module were used to send data reading the rainfall gauge to the website. On the website display, you can see the rainfall that is happening, and you can see a graph of rainfall. There is a report menu that can be used to download rainfall data per 5 minutes, per 1 hour, and per 1 day with the date selection feature of the rainfall data you want to download. Downloaded rainfall data is in the form of an Excel file.

Uncertainty Decision Modeling Approach for Control Engineering Tools to Support Industrial Cyber-Physical Metaverse Smart Manufacturing Systems

The uncertainty decision modeling of control engineering tools to support industrial cyber-physical metaverse smart manufacturing systems (ICPMSMSs) falls under the multicriteria decision-making problem for three reasons: the presence of multiple industry cyber-physical system (ICPS) components, the importance degree of these components, and the variation in data. It is unfortunate that none of the control engineering tools developed to support ICPMSMS have been able to satisfy all ICPS components, despite the tremendous effort expended. Consequently, selecting the best control engineering tool to support ICPMSMS is a challenging task. Although literature reviews have evaluated control engineering tools, informational ambiguity and uncertainty remain open issues. This study extends fuzzy weighted with zero inconsistency (FWZIC) with interval-valued spherical fuzzy rough sets (IvSFRSs) to weight the components of the ICPS. Then, the developed IvSFRS-FWZIC method is integrated with the PROMETHEE II method to uncertain the modeling of control engineering tools. Results of the IvSFRS-FWZIC revealed that cybersecurity was the most influential component, whereas the digital twin component was the least influential. According to PROMETHEE II results, tool_1, tool_3, and tool_2 achieved the first model among the ten tools. Finally, the robustness of the proposed methods is evaluated by conducting sensitivity and comparative analysis.

A Randomized Clinical Trial Testing the Effect of Digital Behavioral Interventions on Pain and Mental Health Among Adults with Sickle Cell Disease

Background: Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) suffer a significant disease burden that affects their psychosocial well-being. Digital cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been utilized in other patient populations and shown to have clinical benefits. Although evidence-based, non-pharmacological interventions for pain management are widely used in other populations, this is not well studied in SCD. There are currently no large-scale, adequately powered clinical trials that evaluate the effectiveness and dissemination potential of digital behavioral pain management interventions for adults with SCD. Objective: The primary goal was to compare the effectiveness of two mobile-phone-delivered programs: 1) digital CBT program tailored for adults with SCD (CBT); or 2) pain and SCD education (Education) for reducing pain symptoms. The secondary goal was to assess whether baseline depression symptoms moderated the effect of these interventions on pain outcomes. Methods: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Real-Time Pain Management Intervention for Sickle Cell via Mobile Application (CaRISMA) is a multisite, randomized, pragmatic, comparative effectiveness trial conducted at seven comprehensive sickle cell centers and several community-based organizations in the U.S. The study enrolled adults with SCD who reported chronic pain or using short or long-acting opioids daily. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either the CBT or Education programs. Both programs utilized identical Facebook Messenger chatbot apps, only the content differed. All intervention participants received health coach support involving weekly phone calls or text messages for a duration of 12 weeks. Participants completed follow up assessments at 3 and 6 months, and daily e-diary entries of 0-10 pain numerical rating scale, mood, and opioid use. The primary outcome was the 6-month change in the PROMIS pain interference. Secondary outcomes included average daily pain intensity for a 2-week period at each time point, change in mean % body area affected by pain (measured by a ‘paintable’ body image within the mobile app), PHQ-9 depression, GAD-7 anxiety, Adult Sickle Cell Quality of Life Measurement Information System (ASCQ-Me) quality of life (social functioning and emotional impact), and Sickle Cell Self-Efficacy Scale (SCSES). Generalized linear mixed models were used to compare changes in 6-month outcomes between study arms after accounting for design variables (study site and baseline depression). Results: Of the 574 participants screened for eligibility, 359 (63%) were consented and randomized (178 to CBT and 181 to Education). Seventy-five percent of participants connected with the chatbot but only 47% completed at least one CBT/education lesson. However, 80% of participants had at least one text message, phone or video session with a health coach. At 6-months, there was a significant decline in pain interference within each arm (CBT [-2.13, 95%CI (-3.42, -0.84)] and Education [-2.66, 95%CI (-3.97, -1.36)]); however, this decline did not differ between arms (p=0.57). There was not a significant 6-month change in daily pain intensity for either arm, however, for % body area covered in pain, both CBT and education conferred a similar relative decrease, 19.2% and 17.1%, respectively. There were significant 6-month improvements within-arms for PHQ-9, GAD-7, and both ASCQ-Me measures, but no between-arm differences emerged. (Table 1). Of these, only the 6-month change in ASCQ-Me emotional impact approached a significant difference between arms with digital CBT conferring slightly greater improvement in scores, 3.51 (95%CI: 2.29, 4.73) compared to education,1.79 (95%CI: .55, 3.04; p=.05). Baseline PHQ depression score (>= 10 vs < 10) did not moderate the effect of treatments on pain interference (p=0.52). Conclusions: Preliminary trial findings suggest that both digital CBT and Education, with health coach support, are effective approaches for management of SCD pain and mental health symptoms. Most participants connected with a health coach and may have derived benefit from this support, however, poor engagement with the digital CBT and education component of the study may have limited the study's ability to detect between arm differences. Secondary analyses will examine the effect of intervention engagement on treatment outcomes.