Diffraction Rings Research Articles

Optical nonlinear properties of a new polyamide from crystal violet terephthalate

In this study, the nonlinear optical properties of a new polymer poly crystal violet terephthalate (PCVT) as a solution and a thin film with different concentrations of 0.2, 0.6, and 1 mM and input power were investigated by using Z-scan technique at 532 nm CW laser beam wavelength. The negative nonlinear refractive index n 2 as well as reverse saturable and saturable absorption β of the solution and film PCVT samples were determined. Figures of merit were also determined. In comparison with the Z-scan results, a self-diffraction pattern setup was used to measure nonlinear refractive index. Results showed a significant laser power dependence of the number of far-field diffraction rings with power and concentration, consistent with the Z-scan data. The PCVT sample exhibited good optical limiting behavior. Hence, PCVT has important nonlinear properties, and its figures of merit can be optimized by adjusting the PCVT concentration and input power. PCVT is a promising candidate for the design of optical photonic switching and optical limiter devices.

Two-dimensional photonic crystal acetylcholinesterase hydrogel and organohydrogel sensors for efficient detection of organophosphorus compounds

Sensors capable of detecting organophosphorus (OP) compounds have attracted the most attention owing to severe OP contamination worldwide. Despite many years of research, the developed OP sensors mainly focused on detecting water-soluble OPs in proper environments and the exploration of OP sensors suitable in resource-limited areas is extremely challenging. Here, a simple two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D PC) hydrogel featuring capabilities of effectively quantitative determination of OP compounds is facilely constructed by immobilizing the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) onto a bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein hydrogel. Owing to the specific interaction between AChE and OP compounds, the OP compounds are easily bound to the hydrogel, triggering volume phase transition and resulting in apparent Debye diffraction ring variations. The resulting hydrogel sensors show a limit of detection (LoD) of 2.23 nM for trichlorfon and 0.07 nM for diethyl methylphosphonate (DMPP), respectively. On the basis of the hydrogel, a responsive organohydrogel is facilely fabricated utilizing a solvent exchange strategy to meet the requirements of applications in harsh environments and detection of the non-water-soluble OP compounds. The organohydrogel sensors, however, demonstrated a LoD of 0.70 μM for trichlorfon and 4.46 μM for DMPP, respectively. This work provides new light on the development of next-generation stable, low-cost, and portable field sensing devices.

Effect of Cu substitution on morphological optical and electrochemical properties of Co3O4 nanoparticles by co-precipitation method

In this present study, pure Co3O4 and Cu-substituted Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a simple co-precipitation method and their structural, morphological, optical, and electrochemical aspects were assessed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the synthesized samples had a cubic structure with the formation of a secondary phase (CuO) at a higher Cu concentration. The average crystallite was decreased with increasing Cu content. Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) analysis revealed that the presence of vibrational bands in Cu-substituted Co3O4 NPs. The morphological study of the pure Co3O4 and Cu-substituted Co3O4 NPs revealed that the hexagonal structure with porous nature confirmed by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). High resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) analysis with spotty diffraction rings showed that pure Co3O4 and Cu-substituted Co3O4 NPs were polycrystalline in nature. The optical properties of synthesized samples exhibited strong absorption edges, and bandgap values were found to be increased from 3.24 to 3.75 eV. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the synthesized materials. The CV curves exhibited pseudocapacitive behavior, and the 2 % Cu-Co3O4 electrode had a high higher specific capacitance value than the pure Co3O4 electrode.

Investigation of thermally induced nonlinear optical response of polyurethane-graphene composite by SSPM method

We conducted a study on composites made of polyurethane and graphene (PU-G). We synthesized these composites and then examined their far-field diffraction patterns at various concentrations of dimethylformamide (DMF) using the spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) method. By analyzing the intensity-dependent far-field ring patterns, we were able to estimate the samples' thermally induced nonlinear refractive index and thermo-optical coefficient. We found that these variables, as well as other observable phenomena such as the “diffraction ring collapse effect” and “variation in nonlinear refractive index,” depended on the sample's concentration rate. Our results indicate that the laser-induced thermal effect is a significant factor in the SSPM phenomena observed in our experiments. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the PU/G combination in DMF has promising nonlinear optical properties that could be beneficial in a variety of nonlinear optics applications.

Preparation and characterization of FeZrB amorphous ferrofluids as magnetic sizing agents for basalt fibers coating

In this paper, FeZrB amorphous nanoparticles were prepared and used to obtain a magnetic fluid which can be used as a magnetic sizing agent for basalt fibers. Unmodified FeZrB nanoparticles (Unmodified FeZrB), citric acid-modified FeZrB nanoparticles (FeZrB@CA) and sodium oleate-modified FeZrB nanoparticles (FeZrB@NaOL) were synthesised by chemical reduction. Three kinds of FeZrB magnetic sizing agents were obtained by dispersing nanoparticles into the mixture consisting of PVA and KH-550. The magnetic basalt fibers were prepared by spraying the magnetic sizing agents in the process of drawing basalt fibers. The structure, morphology, surface state and magnetic properties of unmodified and modified FeZrB amorphous nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR and VSM. The properties of magnetic basalt fibers were investigated by SEM, VSM and EDS. The results showed that the XRD spectra showed sharp diffraction peaks in both Unmodified FeZrB and FeZrB@NaOL nanoparticles, and the two groups of samples had different degrees of crystallinity. Only a single broad peak can be observed at around 45° in FeZrB@CA, which confirms the amorphous structure of FeZrB@CA. SEM and TEM images show that the FeZrB amorphous nanoparticles exhibit spherical with sizes ranging from 7 nm to 25 nm. Electron diffraction patterns showed that FeZrB@CA had a diffraction halo typical of an amorphous structure, and the remaining two samples displayed diffraction rings, indicating some degree of crystallinity. The FT-IR spectra confirm the formation of CO bonds in both FeZrB@CA and FeZrB@NaOL nanoparticles, suggesting the successful modification of FeZrB nanoparticles. The saturation magnetization of Unmodified FeZrB, FeZrB@CA, and FeZrB@NaOL nanoparticles were determined as 83.4 emu/g, 98.9 emu/g, and 60.3 emu/g, respectively. The SEM images showed that the surface of fibers was completely covered by the magnetic sizing agents. Moreover, the saturation magnetization of BF-Unmodified FeZrB, BF-FeZrB@CA, BF-FeZrB@NaOL (magnetic basalt fibers) could reach 47.9 emu/g, 63.5 emu/g, and 28.9 emu/g, respectively. The formation mechanism of magnetic basalt fibers was elucidated, which is attributed to the SiO bonds between basalt fibers and KH-550, as well as CONH bonds between KH-550 and FeZrB@CA. Consequently, the FeZrB magnetic sizing agents could adhere to the fiber surface. This study provides a simple method for developing magnetic sizing agents and offers a new perspective for imparting magnetism to basalt fibers and preparing magnetic fibers.

Image Contrast and Spectral Transmission of Presbyopia-Correcting Intraocular Lenses: Evaluating the Impact of Nd:YAG Laser Associated Defects

Purpose Neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy is considered gold standard in the treatment of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). In this laboratory study, we measured spectral transmission to evaluate the image contrast and analyze the impact of Nd:YAG associated defects in presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods Two hydrophobic, acrylic IOLs as classic multifocal lenses with diffractive ring segments and different amount of near addition (A, B), one hydrophilic, trifocal IOL (C), one sector-shaped, plate haptic IOL (D) and one hydrophobic, enhanced depth of focus (EDOF) IOL (E) were studied. Measurements included surface topography characterization, United States Air Force resolution test chart (USAF) analysis, spectral transmittance measurements and through focus contrast measurement. Measurements were done with unaltered samples, damages (n = 7) were intentionally created in the central 3.5 mm zone using a photodisruption laser (2.0 mJ) and measurements were repeated. Results Significant differences were shown between unmodified samples and samples with YAG pits. The YAG-pits decreased the image contrast and spectral transmission and changed results of USAF test images. The imaging contrast decreased to 66%, 64%, 60%, 52% and 59% with the YAG shots in samples (A-E). The light transmission decreased to 88%, 87%, 92%, 79% and 91% (A-E) on average between 400 nm to 800 nm. In all IOLs a reduction of the relative intensity of transmitted light was observed. Conclusion The image performance of all tested presbyopia-correcting IOLs is significantly influenced and disturbed by YAG-pits. The intensity of transmitted light is reduced in the wavelength between 450–800 nm. USAF test targets show worse results compared to unmodified samples and contrast is significantly deteriorated. No ranking/rating among tested IOLs should be made as many other factors play a role in real world scenario. High care should be taken when performing Nd:YAG capsulotomy on premium IOLs to avoid any damages.

Effect of laser powers and sample positions on the self-diffraction ring patterns in CdSe quantum dots solution

We highlighted on the formation of self-diffraction ring patterns in CdSe quantum dots solution using spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM). The self-diffraction ring patterns parameters of the CdSe solutions were extracted using the theoretical diffraction model. The numerical diffraction ring patterns were in consistent with the experimental diffraction rings using different laser powers. Our results give new insight into the CdSe QDs dissolved in toluene and could be valuable for further development and research of semiconductor QDs optical devices.

Influence of Selenium Oxide on Structure and Properties of New Zinc Boroselenite Glasses

The traditional melt quenching method was used to prepare new zinc boroselenite glasses in the system xSeO2·(50 − x)ZnO·50B2O3 with varying SeO2/ZnO molar ratio. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) have revealed an amorphous structure in glasses of up to 40 mol pct SeO2. On the other hand, the presence of sharp diffraction peaks on the XRD spectra of samples containing 40 and 50 mol pct SeO2 confirms a formation of some polycrystalline phases distributed in the host glass network. Based on FTIR and NMR data, the glass structure at a short-range order exhibited a similar value of the fraction of tetrahedral boron (N4), particularly, for both samples of 0 and 5 mol pct SeO2. In this situation, SeO2 is as well as ZnO both played a modifier role. On the other hand, increasing SeO2 on expense of ZnO decreases the N4 fraction gradually. However, in SeO2-rich glass, most of boron atoms are mainly placed in three coordinated sites in BO3 units coordinated with SeO4 groups. Decreasing N4 fraction and increasing crystallization confirmed that SeO2 operates as a glass former and mainly as a crystalline agent. The results based on the TEM of the selected area of electron diffraction patterns (EDP) agree well with the ones obtained by XRD. The diffraction patterns clearly displayed two sets of diffraction rings: one is caused by boroselenite nanocrystals and the other by zinc selenite. In contrast, a broader halo of dispersed structure, known as an amorphous structure, is present in the diffraction pattern obtained from SeO2-free glass.

Investigating the nonlinear optical response of virgin cherry kernel oil and its application to detecting adulteration

The nonlinear optical (NLO) response of materials is the basis for their use in various applications including optical switching, optical data storage, and optical limiting. Additionally, it can be used as an innovative authentication method. In this study, the NLO properties of virgin cherry kernel oil (VCKO) were investigated by observing of spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) diffraction rings using a 532nm continuous-wave laser beam. Based on the intensity-dependent number of symmetric diffraction rings, the nonlinear refraction coefficient and thermo-optical coefficient of VCKO were estimated to be 3.81×10−6cm2/W and 5.34×10−4K−1, respectively, for the first time, according to the authors’ knowledge. Furthermore, we employed the SSPM technique for adulteration detection in the VCKO sample by analyzing its NLO properties. To accomplish this, we prepared different adulterated samples by mixing VCKO with cheaper commercial oils, such as virgin sunflower oil (VSFO) and virgin canola oil (VCO) at various concentration ratios. In the mixed VCKO adulterated samples, the measured NLO parameters were highly correlated with the amount of adulteration. The results confirmed the ability of the SSPM technique to determine the degree of adulteration in oil samples by measuring and comparing their NLO properties. In addition, our results indicate that cherry kernel oil can be a viable candidate as a nonlinear medium for optical applications.

Design and calculation of photoelectric properties of resonance enhanced InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices photodetectors with diffraction rings structure

The resonance enhanced InAs/GaSb type-II Superlattices (T2SLs) infrared detectors with diffraction rings is designed, and the photoelectric characteristics are calculated and studied in this paper. The diffraction rings are designed on the top surface of T2SLs detector to control the incident light inside the device by forming the resonant cavity. We designed the structure of the conventional PIN InAs/GaSb T2SLs photodetector, calculated the energy band structure of the absorption layer, and analyzed the influence of the thickness of the absorption layer on the photoelectric performance. It is proved that blindly increasing the thickness of the absorption layer cannot effectively improve the device performance. We further studied the quantum efficiency (QE) and electric field distribution of the device after adding the diffraction ring structure. The results show that the structure with diffraction rings can significantly improve the QE of the photodetector without increasing the dark current. The interaction between the diffraction ring and the metal contact layer will enhance the localization of the electric field and further increase the light absorption between the semiconductor layers.

Fabrication, characterization, spectroscopic, and magnetic properties of polyaniline/magnetite (PANi/Fe3O4) nanocomposites

In this research, pure polyaniline (PANi), pure magnetite (Fe3O4), and then PANi/ Fe3O4 nanocomposites were prepared and characterized. FT-IR spectra of the prepared samples indicate successful polymerization of PANi onto Fe3O4. PANi/Fe3O4 nanocomposites exhibit broad absorption bands at specific wavenumbers, indicating the presence of various functional groups. The observed blue shift in certain peaks suggests the interaction between nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms on the magnetite surface through hydrogen bonding. The intensity and wavenumber of the Fe3O4 band decrease, indicating weakened Fe–O bonds. These findings demonstrate a strong interaction and combination between PANi and Fe3O4 in the nanocomposites. Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibit a regular spherical shape with an average diameter of 16 nm. However, they also show non-uniform size distribution due to aggregation into larger secondary particles, likely driven by attractive forces. PANi/Fe3O4 core-shell nanocomposites demonstrate clear morphological changes, with Fe3O4 nanoparticles well spread and wrapped by the PANi shell. The electron diffraction technique confirms the crystalline structure of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, showing diffraction rings consistent with magnetite. The results confirm the potential of incorporating magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles to impart magnetic functionality in the resulting PANi-based nanocomposite materials. Magnetic saturation measurements displayed an enhancement in magnetization with increasing Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The change in magnetic behavior for doped samples provides a means of tuning the magnetization strength of the composites to meet the application requirement such as data storage and magnetic sensors.

Mechanism of CO + NH3-coupled removal of NO from Fe/AC catalysts at medium and low temperatures

Catalysts with different mass ratios (Fe: AC = 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5) were prepared using the equal-volume impregnation method. The 12.5Fe/AC catalyst exhibited the highest NO removal activity and best N2 selectivity at any given temperature. Furthermore, NO removal was mediated by redox reactions between Fe2+ and Fe3+ and dominantly occurred at the Fe2+ active sites. As the loading amount of active metal (Fe) increased, the diffraction ring gradually diffused, and the number of Fe oxide crystals, number of oxygen-containing functional groups, and content of chemically adsorbed oxygen increased. Chemically adsorbed oxygen plays a major role in NO removal. The NO removal mechanism of the Fe/AC catalyst is dominated by physical adsorption and the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism at low temperatures and by the Eley–Rideal mechanism at medium and low temperatures.

Critical parameters to standardize the size and concentration determination of nanomaterials by nanoparticle tracking analysis

The size and concentration are critical for the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of nanomaterials but the accurate measurement remains challenging. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) is widely used for size and concentration determination. However, highly repeatable standard operating procedures (SOPs) are absent. We adopted the “search-evaluate-test” strategy to standardize the measurement by searching the critical parameters. The particles per frame are linearly proportional to the sample concentration and the measured results are more accurate and repeatable when the concentration is 108-109 particles/ml. The optimal detection threshold is around 5. The optimal camera level is such that it allows clear observation of particles without diffractive rings and overexposure. The optimal speed is ≤ 50 in AU and ∼ 10 μl/min in flow rate. We then evaluated the protocol using polydisperse polystyrene particles and we found that NTA could discriminate particles in bimodal mixtures with high size resolution but the performance on multimodal mixtures is not as good as that of resistive pulse sensing (RPS). We further analyzed the polystyrene particles, SiO2 particles, and biological samples by NTA following the SOPs. The size and concentration measured by NTA differentially varies to those determined by RPS and transmission electron microscopy.

Fractional-order acoustic diffraction rings: A nonlocal computational framework for scattering surface-launched waves

Fractional-order acoustic diffraction rings: A nonlocal computational framework for scattering surface-launched waves

Simultaneous Recording of Remote Domain Dynamics in Membrane Proteins Using the Double-Labeled DXB/DXT Technique.

Protein dynamics play important roles in biological functions, which accompany allosteric structure changes. Diffracted X-ray blinking (DXB) uses monochromatic X-rays and nanocrystal probes. The intramolecular motion of target proteins is analyzed from the intensity changes in detector signals at the diffraction rings. In contrast, diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT) elucidates molecular dynamics by analyzing the trajectories of Laue spots. In this study, we have developed a dual-labeling technique for DXB and DXT, allowing the simultaneous observation of motions at different domains in proteins. We identified zinc oxide (ZnO) crystals as promising candidates for the second labeling probes due to their excellent diffraction patterns, high chemical stability, and favorable binding properties with proteins. The diffraction spots from the ZnO crystals are sufficiently separated from those of gold, enabling independent motion analysis at different domains. Dual-labeling DXB was employed for the motion analysis of the 5-HT2A receptor in living cells. Simultaneous motion recording of the N-terminus and the second extracellular loop demonstrated ligand-induced motion suppression at both domains. The dual-labeling DXT technique demonstrated a capsaicin-induced peak shift in the two-dimensional motion maps at the N-terminus of the TRPV1 protein, but the peak shift was not obvious in the C-terminus. The capsaicin-induced motion modulation was recovered by the addition of the competitive inhibitor AMG9810.

Harnessing nature's potential: Alpinia galanga methanolic extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticle, characterization and evaluation of anti-neoplastic activity.

With the advent of nanotechnology, the treatment of cancer is changing from a conventional to a nanoparticle-based approach. Thus, developing nanoparticles to treat cancer is an area of immense importance. We prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from methanolic extract of Alpinia galanga rhizome and characterized them by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Zetasizer, and Transmission electron Microscopy (TEM). UV-Vis spectrophotometry absorption spectrum showed surface plasmon between 400 and 480nm. FTIR spectrum analysis implies that various phytochemicals/secondary metabolites are involved in the reduction, caping, and stabilization of AgNPs. The Zetasier result suggests that the particles formed are small in size with a low polydispersity index (PDI), suggesting a narrow range of particle distribution. The TEM image suggests that the particles formed are mostly of spherical morphology with nearly 20-25nm. Further, the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) image showed five electron diffraction rings, suggesting the polycrystalline nature of the particles. The nanoparticles showed high anticancer efficacy against cervical cancer (SiHa) cell lines. The nanostructures showed dose-dependent inhibition with 40% killing observed at 6.25µg/mL dose. The study showed an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach to the synthesis of AgNPs and provided insight into the development of antioxidant and anticancer agents.

Measurement of residual elastic strain in rolled-up amorphous nanomembranes using nanobeam electron diffraction

Amorphous nanomembranes play a crucial role in flexible electronics due to their ability to create intricate 3D structures through strain engineering. To better understand the formation of these structures, accurately mapping the local elastic strain distribution is essential. In this study, we conducted position-sensitive nanobeam electron diffraction investigations on various rolled-up amorphous nanomembranes. By analyzing the diffraction rings obtained from different locations on the amorphous samples, we extracted anisotropic structure information in reciprocal space and determined the local strain distributions in real space. Our analysis revealed that particle-assisted dry-released samples exhibited higher strain values than pure amorphous samples. This suggests that nanoparticles introduce additional strain through dewetting effects, thereby facilitating the formation of self-rolling 3D structures.

Process optimization for gold nanoparticles biosynthesis by Streptomyces albogriseolus using artificial neural network, characterization and antitumor activities

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are highly promising in cancer therapy, wound healing, drug delivery, biosensing, and biomedical imaging. Furthermore, GNPs have anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, antioxidants, anti-proliferative and anti-diabetic effects. The present study presents an eco-friendly approach for GNPs biosynthesis using the cell-free supernatant of Streptomyces albogriseolus as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesized GNPs have a maximum absorption peak at 540 nm. The TEM images showed that GNPs ranged in size from 5.42 to 13.34 nm and had a spherical shape. GNPs have a negatively charged surface with a Zeta potential of − 24.8 mV. FTIR analysis identified several functional groups including C–H, –OH, C–N, amines and amide groups. The crystalline structure of GNPs was verified by X-ray diffraction and the well-defined and distinct diffraction rings observed by the selected area electron diffraction analysis. To optimize the biosynthesis of GNPs using the cell-free supernatant of S. albogriseolus, 30 experimental runs were conducted using central composite design (CCD). The artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to analyze, validate, and predict GNPs biosynthesis compared to CCD. The maximum experimental yield of GNPs (778.74 μg/mL) was obtained with a cell-free supernatant concentration of 70%, a HAuCl4 concentration of 800 μg/mL, an initial pH of 7, and a 96-h incubation time. The theoretically predicted yields of GNPs by CCD and ANN were 809.89 and 777.32 μg/mL, respectively, which indicates that ANN has stronger prediction potential compared to the CCD. The anticancer activity of GNPs was compared to that of doxorubicin (Dox) in vitro against the HeP-G2 human cancer cell line. The IC50 values of Dox and GNPs-based treatments were 7.26 ± 0.4 and 22.13 ± 1.3 µg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, treatments combining Dox and GNPs together showed an IC50 value of 3.52 ± 0.1 µg/mL, indicating that they targeted cancer cells more efficiently.

Structural analysis of nanocrystals by pair distribution function combining electron diffraction with crystal tilting.

As an important characterization method, pair distribution function (PDF) has been extensively used in structural analysis of nanomaterials, providing key insights into the degree of crystallinity, atomic structure, local disorder etc. The collection of scattering signals with good statistics is necessary for a reliable structural analysis. However, current conventional electron diffraction experiments using PDF (ePDF) are limited in their ability to acquire continuous diffraction rings for large nanoparticles. Herein, a new method - tilt-ePDF - is proposed to improve the data quality and compatibility of ePDF by a combination of electron diffraction and specimen tilting. In the present work, a tilt-series of electron diffraction patterns was collected from gold nanoparticles with three different sizes and a standard sample polycrystalline aluminium film for ePDF analysis. The results show that tilt-ePDF can not only enhance the continuity of diffraction rings, but can also improve the signal-to-noise ratio in the high scattering angle range. As a result, compared with conventional ePDF data, tilt-ePDF data provide structure parameters with a better accuracy and lower residual factors in the refinement against the crystal structure. This method provides a new way of utilizing ePDF to obtain accurate local structure information from nanoparticles.

Recrystallization of bulk nanostructured magnesium alloy AZ31 after severe plastic deformation: an in situ diffraction study

The magnesium alloy AZ31, which has undergone high-pressure torsion processing, was subjected to in situ annealing microbeam synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction and compared to the as-received rolled sheet material that was investigated through in situ neutron diffraction. While the latter only exhibits thermal expansion and minor recovery, the nanostructured specimen displays a complex evolution, including recovery, strong recrystallization, phase transformations, and various regimes of grain growth. Nanometer-scale grain sizes, determined using Williamson–Hall analysis, exhibit seamless growth, aligning with the transition to larger grains, as assessed through the occupancy of single-grain reflections on the diffraction rings. The study uncovers strain anomalies resulting from thermal expansion, segregation of Al atoms, and the kinetics of vacancy creation and annihilation. Notably, a substantial number of excess vacancies were generated through high-pressure torsion and maintained for driving the recrystallization and forming highly activated volumes for diffusion and phase precipitation during heating. The unsystematic scatter observed in the Williamson–Hall plot indicates high dislocation densities following severe plastic deformation, which significantly decrease during recrystallization. Subsequently, dislocations reappear during grain growth, likely in response to torque gradients in larger grains. It is worth noting that the characteristics of unsystematic scatter differ for dislocations created at high and low temperatures, underscoring the strong temperature dependence of slip system activation.Graphical