Difficulties In Management Research Articles

APPORT DE LA CHIRURGIE PLASTIQUE DANS LES TUMEURS MALIGNES EVOLUEES DES LEVRES

Lip cancers are among the pathologies that are quite common in the practice of plastic surgeons in our country. These tumors in their advanced form provide aesthetic, functional and life-threatening sequelae, which defines their seriousness and the difficulties of management for both oncological excision and reconstruction. The average consultation time was 18 months. The predominant site was located at the level of the lower lip in 53.4%, the macroscopic appearance of the tumors was ulcero-budding in the majority of cases. The repair process was adapted to the location and extent of the defect. Reconstruction involved direct suture in 4.6% of patients, skin grafts in 4.6% of cases, bone graft in 2.3% of cases, locoregional flaps in 72.1%, and bone grafts in 72.1%. remotely in 16.2% of patients.

AN ANALYSIS OF RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF ICICI BANK

This study investigates the risk management measures used by ICICI Bank, one of India's largest financial organizations. The banking industry operates in a dynamic environment, continuously confronted with new risks that might have a substantial impact on operations and financial stability. Understanding and controlling these risks are critical for long-term growth and resilience. The goals of this research are twofold: to investigate ICICI Bank's risk management procedures and assess their effectiveness in mitigating various types of risks. To accomplish these goals, a complete study design was used, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. The data was gathered through a combination of literature reviews, interviews with key stakeholders, and financial report and risk management framework analysis. The study's primary findings shed light on ICICI Bank's multidimensional risk-management approach, which includes credit risk, market risk, operational risk, and compliance risk. The bank uses a variety of tools and procedures, such as risk assessment models, diversification strategies, hedging mechanisms, and strong internal control systems. Furthermore, the report addresses the bank's risk management difficulties, including regulatory compliance, technology improvements, and macroeconomic changes. According to the findings, numerous inferences may be made about the success of ICICI Bank's risk management procedures. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need to incorporate risk management into strategic decision-making processes and cultivate a risk-aware culture throughout the firm. Following the conclusions, many recommendations for action are made. These include strengthening risk governance structures, improving risk monitoring and reporting systems, investing in advanced analytics and risk modelling skills, and encouraging engagement with regulators and industry peers. Implementing these recommendations would help ICICI Bank strengthen its risk management strategy and efficiently navigate the growing landscape of financial hazards. Overall, this study adds to our understanding of risk management techniques in the banking sector and offers useful insights for practitioners, policymakers, and academics. It underscores the importance of proactive risk management in ensuring the resilience and sustainability of financial institutions like ICICI Bank in an increasingly complex and uncertain environment.

Research on Tax Risk Regulation and Strategic Management in the Context of Big Data

With the rapid development of big data, big data has been more and more applied in all walks of life. Under the big data environment, massive big data provides convenience for regional tax risk control and strategic decision-making but also increases the difficulty of data supervision and management. By analyzing the status quo of big data and tax risk management, this paper finds many problems and puts forward effective countermeasures for tax risk supervision and strategic management by using big data.

Case study: Problematics of implementing differentiation learning in Kediri city

This research aims to describe the obstacles faced by teachers in implementing differentiated learning in Kediri City. SDN Sukorame 2 Kediri City was chosen as the research location because it has implemented differentiated learning since the 2021/2022 school year. The type of research used is qualitative research with a case study research design. The subjects of this research were nine sources consisting of grade 1, 2, 4 and 5 teachers as well as the principal of SDN Sukorame 2 Kediri City. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation studies. Based on the findings, it shows implementation obstacles such as lack of teacher understanding and knowledge regarding the concept of differentiated learning, difficulty in preparing differentiated teaching modules, difficulty identifying individual student learning needs, difficulty providing a variety of learning materials, limited energy and time, lack of time allocation in learning. , as well as difficulties in classroom management.

Research and practice of personalized fitness plans based on Hmove platform

On June 20, 1995, the State Council promulgated the "Outline of the National Fitness Plan". Its promulgation is a major decision for the country to develop social undertakings. It is a national leadership and national participation, with purpose, tasks and measures. The fitness plan is a feat of "contributing to the present and benefiting the future". It is a social system project supporting the goal of realizing socialist modernization. Based on this goal and based on the needs of the majority of citizens in the current economic and social economy, my team and I proposed to develop the Hmove fitness and entertainment platform. This study aims to explore the effectiveness and practicality of personalized fitness plans based on the Hmove platform. The Hmove platform, as an innovative fitness platform, integrates advanced data analysis and user feedback mechanisms to provide powerful technical support for the formulation of personalized fitness plans. The research collects users' basic information, fitness goals and preferences, and uses data mining and machine learning technology to customize fitness plans for users. During the experiment, we used questionnaires to interview users who frequently use fitness APPs, continuously tracked their fitness progress and collected feedback. The results showed that participants' physical fitness and health status were significantly improved under the guidance of personalized fitness plans. At the same time, most participants were highly satisfied with the fitness program and felt that the program met their needs and expectations. However, the study also found that some users encountered some challenges in the execution of the plan, such as difficulties in time management and insufficient flexibility in plan adjustment. These questions remind us that we need to take more into consideration the actual situation and dynamic needs of users in the formulation of future personalized fitness plans. Looking to the future, we recommend in-depth research on how to combine real-time feedback and data from users to further optimize the personalized fitness plan algorithm and improve the adaptability and flexibility of the plan, thereby improving user experience and fitness effects.

Spatial distribution, source, and fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the surrounding environment of closed and converted fluorochemical factories in Fujian, China

Following the closure of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) production to comply with the Stockholm Convention regulations or restrictions, manufacturers have shifted to developing short-chain alternatives like perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS). However, limited research has been conducted to evaluate the impact of this transition on the surrounding environment. This study focused on the spatial distribution, source, and fate of 18 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the surrounding environment of the closure and transformation of two PFAS manufacturing plants in Fujian, China. The total concentrations of PFAS in surface water, sediment, and fish were within the range of 48.9–72,400 ng/L, 0.930–57.6 ng/g dw, and 3.33–1245 ng/g dw, respectively. The predominant compounds were PFBS, PFOS, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) among the three matrices. Principal component analysis highlighted significant differences in PFAS profiles across different regions of the Futun River, suggesting diverse sources of PFAS. Source apportionment indicated that despite being closed or converted for almost three years, the two factories still significantly impacted the surrounding environment. The shutdown factory mainly released PFAS characterized by perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids. In contrast, the PFAS were released from conversion plant with the fingerprint being PFBS and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids. The conversion of the factories has resulted in the coexistence of long-chain and short-chain PFAS, which has complicated the composition of PFAS in the environment. As sewage treatment plant could not effectively remove PFBS and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) in wastewater, and due to their strong migration ability, these chemicals had a wider impact range, increasing the difficulty of environmental restoration and management. Risk assessment showed that PFAS downstream of the two factories posed high or moderate ecological risks. Specifically, PFBS, PFOS, and PFOA displayed the highest risk quotients and should be paid further attention.

Enhanced recovery after surgery program focusing on chest tube management improves surgical recovery after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

ObjectiveChest drainage is a standard procedure in thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer. However, chest tube placement may deteriorate the ventilation capacity and increase difficulty of postoperative management of patients. The study investigated on the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program focusing on chest tube management on surgical recovery of lung cancer patients.MethodsThe study population consisted of 60 patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) after implementation of ERAS program and another group of 60 patients undergoing VATS before implementation of ERAS program.ResultsThe mean time of first food intake was 12.9 h required for the ERAS group, which was significantly shorter than 18.4 h required for the control group (p < 0.0001). The mean time of out-of-bed activity was 14.2 h taken for the ERAS group, which was notably shorter than 22.8 h taken for the control group (p < 0.0001). The duration of chest tube placement was 68.6 h in the ERAS group, which was remarkably shorter than 92.8 h in the control group (p < 0.0001). The rate overall postoperative complications were notably lower in the ERAS group than in the control group (p = 0.018). The visual analogue score (VAS) scores on the second postoperative day exhibited significant differences between the ERAS group and the control group (p = 0.017). The patients in the ERAS group had a shorter hospitalization stay than those in the control group (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe study suggests the ERAS program focusing on chest tube management could improve surgical recovery, remove patient chest tube earlier, and relieve patient pain after VATS.

Opportunities and Barriers to Composting in a Municipal Context: A Case Study in São José dos Campos, Brazil

The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a global challenge of a complex nature. The organic fraction of rapidly degrading MSW, which can be recycled via composting provided it is segregated at the source, is an incipient or non-existent practice in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the barriers and opportunities for composting MSW based on the perception of local stakeholders through a qualitative and quantitative exploratory case study in the municipality of São José dos Campos (SP). The study identified and interviewed local stakeholders engaged in composting in the territory, surveying the local market for organic agricultural inputs. Education, infrastructure, and social influence were the main factors that led to the decision to start composting. For home composting, the efficiency of generated waste diversion is from 42% to 59%, and management difficulties at the beginning of the practice are recurrent. Engaging people is the main challenge of community initiatives and 32% ended their composting activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Vermicomposting can be an opportunity to value organic waste in the local market. The insights gleaned from the perceptions of local stakeholders provide valuable input for more effective planning within a municipal composting scheme.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО БИЗНЕСА НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

In market conditions, the development of private business, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, plays a key role for any country. The effectiveness of this process is one of the main indicators of economic growth and has a direct impact on the composition and quality of national income. The main task of the management personnel of modern enterprises is to create their competitive advantages, which ensures the demand for products sold and financial stability. At the same time, the implementation of this task becomes more complicated in the context of constant foreign economic changes, reinforced by sanctions pressure. In addition, small and medium-sized businesses often face limited access to financial resources, management difficulties and competition from large companies. Analysis and comparative assessment of the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses provides an understanding of the key factors influencing the success of these enterprises, and makes it possible to develop strategies and support measures aimed at strengthening their position in the market. The object of the study is the activities of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in the region. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the level of competitiveness of certain areas of small and medium-sized businesses using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. Research methods include deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, documentary method, abstract-logical, economic-mathematical and tabular methods. The scientific novelty of the research is the formation of competitiveness criteria, the development of a model for comparative assessment of the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses, the application of this model in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan.

An overview of community livelihoods in Biosphere Reserves: based on the sustainable livelihoods framework for the 21st century

Biosphere Reserves (BRs) are the protected areas proposed by the Man and the Biosphere Programme for harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. Human activities represented by community livelihoods have always been one of the critical issues in the protection and development of BRs. However, the lack of comprehensive research on the status quo and problems of community livelihoods in BRs has caused difficulties in policy formulation and management. In the form of a literature review, this study attempts to summarize and sort out the overview of community livelihoods in BRs by screening the academic literature with the keywords of BRs and livelihoods and using the 21st Century Sustainable Livelihood Framework as the road map. As a result, community livelihoods in BRs highly depend on environmental resources, increasing vulnerability. Although establishing BRs has brought financial and business opportunities to the community, it also provides environmental resources, public services, and geographical areas in the climate-environmental context needed for livelihood maintenance. However, community livelihoods and climate-environmental context show a contradictory relationship of ‘mismatch between supply and demand’ in environmental resources and public services in BRs. In geographical areas, the conflicts brought by illegal activities, invasive alien species, and wildlife-human conflicts are also gradually increasing. At the same time, unbalanced physical and financial assets and relational power with mixed praise also challenge the sustainable development of community livelihoods in BRs. Therefore, this study believes that through multi-stakeholder joint efforts, BRs Friendly Community Livelihoods other than the initial livelihood with high environmental resource dependence can be sought for communities through livelihood diversification, community participatory management, and community spatial pattern refinement.

A Path towards Sustainable Neighbourhood: A Comparative Analysis of Maitama and Garki Districts in Abuja, Nigeria

This research conducts a comparative analysis of sustainability practices in the Maitama and Garki Districts of Abuja, Nigeria, with a specific emphasis on environmental, social, and economic dimensions. The goal of sustainable urban development is to minimize the adverse effects on the environment, foster social fairness, and encourage the local economy. The key ideas included in this context are energy efficiency, affordable housing, green infrastructure, and community participation. The Maitama District places importance on the environment, community, and economics, but Garki has difficulties in waste management, pollution, and the availability of clean water and sanitation. Both districts strive to cultivate inclusive communities, however, Maitama encounters obstacles in waste management and pollution, and Garki confronts environmental concerns such as insufficient green areas and little community engagement.

Visitors’ experience of using smart facilities in urban parks: A study in Shenzhen

The popularity of urban parks with smart facilities is increasing, driven by technological advancements. However, existing research focuses on passive perceptions and lacks comprehensive insights into the dynamic relationships between smart park services and user interaction. To address this gap, this study aims to discuss classification standards for smart service facilities in urban parks, develop a research model to analyze visitor usage patterns, identify factors influencing their continued engagement with smart parks, and rank visitors' recognition of smart service facilities within parks. Using Lianhuashan Park, Shenzhen, as a case study, structural equation modeling was employed to validate visitors' intentions to continue using the smart park. The findings revealed that expectation–confirmation indirectly affects visitors’ intentions by mediating variables such as satisfaction, perceived usefulness, ease of use, and privacy. Perceived ease of use emerged as the strongest influence. Among the five categories of smart park service facilities, landscape interactive facilities had the highest correlation with the overall smart technology experience in parks. This study proposes a new theoretical research model, identifies directions for optimizing service quality in smart parks, and addresses the limitations of previous studies that focused on technology while neglecting user experience. Management implicationsThe management of smart parks involve a variety of disciplines including IoT, big data statistics, ergonomics, remote sensing science, etc. It requires the cooperation of multidisciplinary personnel, which greatly increases the difficulty of facilities management in the smart parks. Moreover, the smart park system is not perfected enough, lacks certain theoretical support, and there are few excellent cases. This research applied the ECM-ISC extended model to the field of smart park research, which will help promote the user-friendly and sustainable development of smart parks and provide visitors with a more comfortable environment and better services. This study suggests that park managers and decision makers should promote the continuance intention of smart parks by increasing visitor satisfaction and increasing investment in landscape interactive facilities.

Harnessing the potential of a novel lignin-degrading Streptomyces sp. MS-S2 from wood-feeding termite for malachite green decolorization and detoxification

Lignin and synthetic dyes share complex structural similarities and relevant management difficulties, which should be effectively addressed towards environmental sustainability. Under this scope, the quest for oxidative enzyme-producing microorganisms with a view to efficiently valorizing organic pollutants is of utmost importance. The intestinal bacteria of wood-feeding termites represent a unique source of valuable enzymes. The decolorization efficiency of five different dyes, including malachite green (MG), methyl violet, anihiline blue, reactive red, and reactive blue, after 12 h of degradation by the MS-S2 bacterial strain was recorded to be 98.2, 17.5, 8.7, 4.6, and 3.28%, respectively. Several physico-chemical parameters were then optimized to accelerate MG degradation, including pH, temperature, glucose, and yeast extract concentration. Streptomyces sp. strain MS-S2 completely decolorized MG (50 mg/L) within 2 h under optimized conditions when the cultivation medium was amended with 5 g/L glucose and 0.08 g/L yeast extract at pH 8 and incubated at 28 °C. After MG degradation, the enzyme activities of manganese peroxidase (4.605 U/L) and laccase (45.185 U/L) were estimated. To comprehend the degradation process of MG by the MS-S2 strain, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were carried out to ascertain the possible degradation mechanism. The metabolites identified, such as 2,6-Bis (tert-butyl) phenol and [4-(dimethylamino) phenyl] phenyl, suggest that MG was broken down into less toxic compounds for further degradation. MS-S2 exhibited outstanding characteristics that could make it suitable for the bioremediation of MG dye in an industrial setting.

Medication management error types: Associations with mild cognitive impairment subtype

Objective: Medication management errors are suspected to be prevalent among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study examined types of simulated medication-taking errors in cognitively normal older adults (CN; n = 131), single domain amnestic MCI (sdMCI, n = 91), and multi-domain MCI (mdMCI, n = 44). Errors were measured using the medication management ability assessment (MMAA). Methods: 266 participants seen for neuropsychological evaluation (94.4% White, 57.9% female, average age = 72, average education = 14 years) completed the MMAA (version 4.1), a performance-based task of medication management. Group differences in MMAA total scores, accuracy, and error types were evaluated using Kruskall-Wallis H tests. This study was the first to explore a newly operationalized error, perseverations, caused by taking a specific dose ≥2 times during the simulation. Results: CN and sdMCI groups had higher MMAA total scores than individuals with mdMCI, indicating better overall performance. The mdMCI group made a higher number of omission errors (missed pills) than other groups, but no differences were found for commission errors (extra pills). The sdMCI group made more perseverative errors compared to the CN group. Conclusions: Individuals with mdMCI made more simulated medication management errors than CN and sdMCI groups, indicating that they may be most vulnerable to difficulties in medication management. In contrast, sdMCI individuals were more likely to make perseverative errors, which may reflect a tendency towards overcompensation of memory loss. Future studies should assess whether MMAA performance is associated with patterns of real-world medication-taking in more diverse samples of older adults.

Recurrent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in a patient with type 2 diabetes, Graves’ disease, and foregut neuroendocrine tumor: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges

ABSTRACT While hypoglycemia is a frequent problem encountered in clinical practice, endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in a patient with diabetes is rare. Here, we describe such a case of recurrent hypoglycemia due to multifocal insulinoma (differential focal nesidioblastosis) in an adult patient with diabetes. The diagnostic dilemma, pitfalls in interpreting advanced imaging techniques, and difficulty in management of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with underlying diabetes have been focused. The utility of acarbose and uncooked cornstarch to maintain euglycemia while combating two opposite sinister pathologies has been discussed. The novel association of antibody-negative Graves’ disease with insulinoma and nesidioblastosis is also reported in this study.

1069 Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of Spinal Anesthesia in Patients With Higher Risk Comorbidities

INTRODUCTION: Spinal anesthesia (SA) is a safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia (GA) for lumbar surgery. Widespread adoption of SA has not occurred presumably due to surgeons’ concerns for difficulties in management of patients with comorbidities. Obesity (BMI =30 kg/m2), anxiety, obstructive sleep apnea, re-operation at the same level, and multilevel operations have recently been identified as risk factors for perioperative complications. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 422 patients who underwent thoracolumbar surgery under spinal anesthesia by a single surgeon at a single academic center (2017-2021) was carried out. Patient demographics, comorbidities, as well as intraoperative and postoperative complications were abstracted from the medical record. In the overlapping groups, 149 patients had a BMI =30, 95 had diagnosed anxiety, 79 underwent multilevel surgery, 98 had obstructive sleep apnea, and 65 had a prior operation at the same level. The control group included 132 patients without these risk factors. Differences in perioperative outcomes were assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, Pearson's Chi-squared test, or Fisher's exact test using R (The R Foundation, v 4.1.1, Vienna, Austria). RESULTS: Postoperative pneumonia was observed in two patients in the anxiety group and in one patient in the reoperative group (p-value &lt; 0.05). There were no other statistically significant differences in intraoperative and postoperative complications within the entire cohort including when stratified by number of comorbidities. Rate of spinal fusion was comparable among groups, though mean length of stay and operative time were different (p-value &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Spinal anesthesia is a feasible and safe anesthetic modality for most patients, including those with significant comorbidities. An updated algorithm for SA candidate selection is thus recommended.

Sarcoidosis in pregnancy

Key content: Sarcoidosis is an uncommon multi‐system disorder characterised by the presence of non‐caseating granulomas. It has a peak incidence between the ages of 20–40 years old. The pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is uncertain; however, it is known to be associated with an exaggerated T helper 1 (TH1) immune response leading to systemic inflammation and granuloma formation. Suppression in TH1 responses in pregnancy leads to disease remission in the majority of pregnancies. Nevertheless, the potential for decompensation in a subgroup remains, and consideration should be given to the pre‐pregnancy state. Sarcoidosis is associated with increased risk of maternal‐fetal morbidity, including growth restriction and pre‐eclampsia. Clinical management should focus on medication optimisation and mitigation of this increased risk. Learning objectives: To understand the clinical features, pathogenesis and diagnosis of sarcoidosis. To understand the effect of pregnancy on sarcoidosis. To understand the effect of sarcoidosis on pregnancy and the related obstetric outcomes. To understand the management of sarcoidosis in pregnancy. Ethical issues: There can be difficulties in appropriate management of medical disorders, such as sarcoidosis, with a limited obstetric evidence base. There are challenges in decision‐making regarding continuation of pregnancy in severe disease with an uncertain evidence base.

The difficulties of Adult ADHD management within a Community Mental Health Team

IntroductionADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.Diagnosis of ADHD in adults is complex, owing to the need for retrospective evidence that symptoms began in childhood as well as the high rates of comorbid mental health conditions. There are no public specialized clinics for adults with ADHD in Ireland. In their absence, referrals are sent to general adult psychiatry.ObjectivesAn audit of standards of care received by patients with ADHD against those set by the NICE guidelines.MethodsCare received pre and 8 weeks post MDT (multi-disciplinary team) educational session. Inclusion criteria: existing adult community mental health team (CMHT) patients with a diagnosis of ADHD. Recommendations as per NICE guideline used for assessment: Specialist MDT team input, OT/ Psychology input, MDT review of reports, Specialist consultant with training in diagnosis and treatment, Diagnosis based on structured assessment e.g. DIVA, Detailed psychiatric assessment, Physical health monitoring before commencing treatment (e.g. ECG), Ongoing physical health monitoring (BP, HR, weight), Patient regularly attending follow upResultsThere were 7 patients with diagnosed ADHD attending the CMHT, 4 male, 3 female aged 19-42yo. 4 patients were diagnosed privately (average age at diagnosis 31yrs). 2 were diagnosed by CAMHS. And 1 was diagnosed by primary care psychology (age 27). 8 weeks following MDT meeting; 2 patients had been commenced on ADHD medication. Those on the wait list for OT/psychology remained on the wait list.ConclusionsADHD is a specialised area which requires a specialist MDT led by a consultant with expertise in diagnosis and treatment. As evidenced by this audit, despite the best efforts of adult psychiatric services, teams are not sufficiently resourced to meet the needs of adults with ADHD and fall short of the expected standards of care.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

MAP, PEOPLE, AND POLLUTANTS: LINKING SOCIOLEGAL-SPATIAL SCIENCE TO UNDERSTANDING WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SLEMAN REGENCY, INDONESIA

Indonesia’s waste management strategy promotes sustainable management and effective use of natural resources, as do many others. Due to a shortage of final processing sites (FPSs), ineffective solid waste management, and low environmental awareness, delivering information on ecologically friendly waste management has been difficult. Therefore, this research aims to locate typical landfills in highly populated metropolitan regions, explore solid waste management difficulties, and suggest feasible solutions. Sleman Regency, Province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, was our focus while choosing an FPS location and assessing socioeconomic factors. We filter and classify quantitative and qualitative data from maps, observations, interviews, and document searches before using them in our mixed-methods approach. This study used sociolegal-spatial methods to improve waste management. The results show that geographical accuracy and comprehensiveness may be achieved within legal and institutional contexts. Trash reduction can be achieved if provincial, district/city, sub-district, and village administrations are compelled to adopt waste management policies and plans. These findings show that the government cannot accomplish its 2,030 waste elimination goal without systematic and long-term public infrastructure and village home socialisation.

Examining Teachers' use of Play-Based Pedagogy in Mathematics Learning in Basic Schools

This study examines the use of play-based pedagogy by basic school mathematics teachers in the Ho West district, addressing a significant gap in the existing literature. Through a comprehensive review of previous studies, the study identifies key insights and informs the investigation. Employing a descriptive survey design with a quantitative approach, the study surveys a stratified random sample of 400 basic school teachers in the Ho West District, collecting data through a reliable questionnaire and analyzing it using various statistical methods. The findings reveal that teachers perceive play-based pedagogy as effective in enhancing students' mathematical understanding, promoting creativity, and fostering collaborative learning. However, the study also identifies challenges faced by teachers, including time constraints, curriculum alignment, resource inadequacy, behavior management, and assessment difficulties, despite the implementation of diverse play-based activities. Based on these findings, the study recommends targeted workshops and seminars for teachers, emphasizing the benefits of play-based pedagogy, introducing a range of activities, and allocating resources to address the identified challenges.