Difficult Moments Research Articles

Perceptions of adolescents with cancer undergoing palliative care about their illness process

To understand the perception of adolescents with cancer undergoing palliative cares about their illness process. An exploratory and qualitative study, per formed at a federal public hospital specialized in oncology disease in Rio de Janeiro, through interviews with nine adolescents aged 12 to 20 years old, from July to August 2017. Data was submitted to thematic analysis and the theoretical framework was Hildegard Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relationships. Three categories emerged: Living the difficult moment of the trajectory of the disease; Feeling the social isolation and that life has stopped; and Overcoming the difficult stage of the disease. They addressed the trajectory of the disease since the diagnosis, with the awakening of feelings of isolation and stagnation of life. Moreover, they highlighted the overcoming power of these adolescents. The study made it possible to know the difficulties experienced during the course of the disease, providing subsidies for the practice of nurses to happen in a sensitive, individualized manner and focused on the individual's need thus enhancing comfort and quality of life.

Основні тенденції історико-культурного відродження в Україні, 2005–2010 рр.

Основні тенденції історико-культурного відродження в Україні, 2005–2010 рр.

Suchethana SwaroopBeyond East and West: A Story of Civilization through the Great Epics by N. S. Raghavan

By story’s end, our characters’ lives amazingly , but not unbelievably, intertwine, skillfully arranged by Moskovich. A native of the former Soviet Union, Yelena Moskovich immigrated to the US as a child. She studied theater in Boston and Paris. Her plays have been widely published and performed. Despite not being a native English speaker, Moskovich penned her two novels in impeccable, polished prose. Virginia Parobek Lancaster, Ohio Henrietta Lovell Infused: Adventures in Tea London. Faber & Faber. 2019. 239 pages. “WHAT IS NORMAL tea?” Henrietta Lovell, the founder of the Rare Tea Company, wants you to reflect on this question . Hers is a white silver tip from China, a delicate creamy-leaning white tea. If the only tea you are familiar with involves steeping tea bags, this book is for you. Lovell’s epicurean quest to bring artisan tea closer to a Western audience is masterfully achieved in Infused: Adventures in Tea. Her book narrates a poetic stroll through countries, terroirs, cultures, and encounters, to (re)discover the leaves in the bag. Loose leaves. She laments how consumers have mostly experienced tea in its bitter and overly astringent form, having to sprinkle all kinds of enhancements to round its taste, an unchallenged relic from World War II rationing. Just as granular instant coffee may never compare with the third-wave specialty coffee movement, there is an infinite hiatus between the “fannings ,” the low-grade dust from the camellia sinensis plant, and artisan tea. The book is not a scholarly treatise nor an exhaustive catalog. You may reach for the classic Tea: History, Terroirs, Varieties, by Kevin Gascoyne, François Marchand , Jasmin Desharnais, and Hugo Americi, for a deeper dive. Yet Infused: Adventures in Tea is both refreshingly accessible and personal. It exposes Lovell’s story with tea, her interaction with the plant and the astonishing world it opened, from Hollywood to Malawian tea farms, and more. Lovell shares her passion with incredible love and generosity . “I never un-love,” she says, and it is contagious . The readers are bound to develop a different and mindful appreciation for the cup. The author leaned on tea to overcome the most difficult moments of her life, recalled in moving pages. Her homage is one of endless curiosity and gratitude for the people behind the transnational beverage, pluckers to masters, crafters of artistic renditions . The same cup can never be drunk twice for it relies on a myriad of interdependent elements and steps. It is perhaps this richness that ought to be the book’s main resonance. Raising a cup (or two) to an ebullient and gourmand read. Farah Abdessamad New York Suchethana Swaroop Beyond East and West:A Story of Civilization through the Great Epics Trans. N. S. Raghavan. Abingdon, UK. Routledge. 2019. 293 pages. BEYOND EAST AND WEST: A Story of Civilization through the Great Epics, by Suchethana Swaroop, is an attempt to shed light on the evolution of civilizations through the literary epics of India and the West. The twenty-two chapters of the monograph weave a comparative approach between European and Indian culture to analyze how epics have markedly reflected the development of their time and pushed forward future transitions. Textual examples are presented to editors Nathalie Teitler and Nii Ayikwei Parkes, and by Flipped Eye in general , shows a conscious commitment to helping literary artists advance in their careers—a commitment that is necessary if underrepresented writers are to continue living from their work. In this practical sense, Un Nuevo Sol is a collection that seeks to do right by its writers as well as its readers. Nathalie Teitler writes in her introduction , “To be British Latinx is to live the experience of constantly translating yourself on all levels; to be accustomed to people addressing a version of you that bears little resemblance to your actual identity. It is to know what it means to be both present and invisible .” Throughout this collection, writers from a wide range of backgrounds and experiences put this self-translation into practice, this time not to fit in but to reveal their true identities. They present the invisible parts of themselves in their own unpredictable, heterogeneous , unapologetic ways, making language their own. Un Nuevo Sol...

Henrietta LovellInfused: Adventures in Tea

By story’s end, our characters’ lives amazingly , but not unbelievably, intertwine, skillfully arranged by Moskovich. A native of the former Soviet Union, Yelena Moskovich immigrated to the US as a child. She studied theater in Boston and Paris. Her plays have been widely published and performed. Despite not being a native English speaker, Moskovich penned her two novels in impeccable, polished prose. Virginia Parobek Lancaster, Ohio Henrietta Lovell Infused: Adventures in Tea London. Faber & Faber. 2019. 239 pages. “WHAT IS NORMAL tea?” Henrietta Lovell, the founder of the Rare Tea Company, wants you to reflect on this question . Hers is a white silver tip from China, a delicate creamy-leaning white tea. If the only tea you are familiar with involves steeping tea bags, this book is for you. Lovell’s epicurean quest to bring artisan tea closer to a Western audience is masterfully achieved in Infused: Adventures in Tea. Her book narrates a poetic stroll through countries, terroirs, cultures, and encounters, to (re)discover the leaves in the bag. Loose leaves. She laments how consumers have mostly experienced tea in its bitter and overly astringent form, having to sprinkle all kinds of enhancements to round its taste, an unchallenged relic from World War II rationing. Just as granular instant coffee may never compare with the third-wave specialty coffee movement, there is an infinite hiatus between the “fannings ,” the low-grade dust from the camellia sinensis plant, and artisan tea. The book is not a scholarly treatise nor an exhaustive catalog. You may reach for the classic Tea: History, Terroirs, Varieties, by Kevin Gascoyne, François Marchand , Jasmin Desharnais, and Hugo Americi, for a deeper dive. Yet Infused: Adventures in Tea is both refreshingly accessible and personal. It exposes Lovell’s story with tea, her interaction with the plant and the astonishing world it opened, from Hollywood to Malawian tea farms, and more. Lovell shares her passion with incredible love and generosity . “I never un-love,” she says, and it is contagious . The readers are bound to develop a different and mindful appreciation for the cup. The author leaned on tea to overcome the most difficult moments of her life, recalled in moving pages. Her homage is one of endless curiosity and gratitude for the people behind the transnational beverage, pluckers to masters, crafters of artistic renditions . The same cup can never be drunk twice for it relies on a myriad of interdependent elements and steps. It is perhaps this richness that ought to be the book’s main resonance. Raising a cup (or two) to an ebullient and gourmand read. Farah Abdessamad New York Suchethana Swaroop Beyond East and West:A Story of Civilization through the Great Epics Trans. N. S. Raghavan. Abingdon, UK. Routledge. 2019. 293 pages. BEYOND EAST AND WEST: A Story of Civilization through the Great Epics, by Suchethana Swaroop, is an attempt to shed light on the evolution of civilizations through the literary epics of India and the West. The twenty-two chapters of the monograph weave a comparative approach between European and Indian culture to analyze how epics have markedly reflected the development of their time and pushed forward future transitions. Textual examples are presented to editors Nathalie Teitler and Nii Ayikwei Parkes, and by Flipped Eye in general , shows a conscious commitment to helping literary artists advance in their careers—a commitment that is necessary if underrepresented writers are to continue living from their work. In this practical sense, Un Nuevo Sol is a collection that seeks to do right by its writers as well as its readers. Nathalie Teitler writes in her introduction , “To be British Latinx is to live the experience of constantly translating yourself on all levels; to be accustomed to people addressing a version of you that bears little resemblance to your actual identity. It is to know what it means to be both present and invisible .” Throughout this collection, writers from a wide range of backgrounds and experiences put this self-translation into practice, this time not to fit in but to reveal their true identities. They present the invisible parts of themselves in their own unpredictable, heterogeneous , unapologetic ways, making language their own. Un Nuevo Sol...

Maxim the Confessor about Perfect Love

Introduction. The subject of study in the article was the experience of the ascent of the famous Byzantine theologian to the mystical-metaphysical contemplation of divine reality, embodied in his book “Chapters on Love”. According to the Orthodox version of the metaphysics of the Way, this ultimate goal can be achieved during life only in the process of hard and practical work of an ascetic, during which the task is set not only to kill worldly desires, but also to ultimately spiritual and moral purification of the monk’s soul. In this small work, Maxim the Confessor described in detail the technology of advancing an ascetic to the last stop and staying in a blissful state of perfect love for God. Materials and Methods. The source of the research was the works of the ancient Indian, Orthodox and Sufi ascetics, which are different versions of the metaphysics of the Way. During the work, mainly thematic and transcendental analysis methods were used, which together made it possible to track the desire of Maxim the Confessor to describe and comprehend the ascent of the Orthodox monk to the mystical-metaphysical contemplation of the Lord. Discussion. The author of the article in numbered and distributed throughout the chapters of the statements of the Byzantine theologian revealed a complex system of mystical and metaphysical views, which can be called the metaphysical theory of theology. From the point of view of modern methodology and philosophy of science, he created effective theoretical constructs “pure mind”, “perfect love”, “selfishness”, “thoughts” and others, which together fully describe the mystical existential reality of a harsh Orthodox monk, which is difficult to reflect by means of language. However, his reasoning is not speculative thoughts. It is quite obvious to the researcher that they are based on rich personal experience and other prominent ascetics of Byzantine Orthodoxy. Results. The study of the soulful book of Maximus the Confessor “Chapters on Love” allows you to advance in understanding one of the most important and the most difficult moments of the Orthodox version of the metaphysics of the Way.

THE REFLECTION OF FAMINE IN MODERN KAZAKH NOVELS

The interrelation of literature and the history of Kazakh people, we can say, go “hand in hand”. In the history of Kazakh people there are many events related to the capture of Kazakh youth in the royal army, “Goloshchekin's jute”, “Stalinist repressions”, “December events”. As a scientist and encyclopedist of the Kazakh steppe A. Margulan has mentioned that Kazakhstan has become a place where you can quickly multiply through various paths of aggression, deception, looking for a career in the periphery, wanted to adjust financial resources, and it was also a decent land. They led to the fact that on the Kazakh land “to deploy on a spacious steppe”, “to rob the Kyrgyz and bring a silk satin ribbon dress to their wives for their money.” At the same time, as last year, the government never did good for the Kazakh people. Delivery of the literature to the church through a thick historical truth is the result of an independent Kazakh literature. The article deals with the problem of famine in the Kazakh land due to the totalitarian regime. In modern Kazakh prose, a series of works have written the realities of the tragic years in the history of the country. This topic was widely covered in the genre of the novel, a novel of an independent Kazakh literature, in poetic works. At the same time, as a monument to the memory of the victims of the famine during the years of Nubet, it complements its story. The article discusses author’s thematic, ideological, artistic views on the topic of famine. In particular, Turysbek Sauketaev’s novel “Vulture's Winter”, Nagashybek Kapalbekuly’s “ The fume of ground oven ”, Nurdaulet Akysh’s “Merciless spring” and Jh. Shashtayuly’s “ The old man and horse ” were taken to the research object. The article focuses on the fact that the story on the topic of famine is the future memory in the personages’s mind, recalling the past. Awakening of memory in the mind is an literal approach that is actively used by most modern Kazakh prose writers. At the same time, all the works of this subject are proved by actual examples that the difficult moment of a person is in contact with the authors’ natural phenomena. Before dwelling on the tragedy of famine which millions of Kazakhs have done in the center, it is clear that the authors describe in more detail the picture of harsh nature and turn to the method of preliminary preparation of the reader. In this way, writers were able to give the atmosphere of that era. Although the language of the authors is easy to read, all narratives are sketched in accordance with reality. Each generation has to know the history of their native people, literary works of it. If we develop a personality through the patriotic spirit of the history of indigenous nations, this will be a reflection of their consciousness and future citizen who will defend the country and the land with national and civil dignity. Keywords: modern Kazakh novel, famine problem, national tragedy, jute, famine strike, awakening of consciousness.

USING REFLECTIVE WRITING TO PROMOTE RESILIENCE

Patients invite us, rather reluctantly sometimes, into their lives during some of their most difficult moments; these encounters change us even if it is not readily apparent. Gathering for this writing group, we have found that creating a permanent record of our deepest thoughts and feelings enables further analysis and discussion in a collegial and supportive environment. In this paper, I relate one clinical story as an example. I will never forget caring for Mr. R. during what I can only call an ordeal, but writing it down, exploring my chosen words, and sharing them with the team brought validation and closure to what would have been a deep wound in my soul. The scar remains, being remodeled by time, experience, and other wounds, softened through writing and sharing, becoming part of me. We explore one way in which supportive writing groups can foster professional relationships and growth.

Caracterização dos paradigmas e entraves no processo de transição para o sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental

O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem a finalidade de trazer uma reflexão sobre a transposição do aluno do quinto para o sexto ano do ensino fundamental. Esta passagem manifesta sentimentos e comportamentos inerentes ao ser humano, porém, inadequado ao âmbito escolar. Os alunos passam a conviver com um novo contexto escolar e, com professores que adotam posturas diferentes em relação aos dos anos anteriores. Assim, virá momentos de dificuldades, alegrias e tristezas, fragilidade no desempenho escolar, incertezas e inseguranças. São raros os professores que possuem entendimento e compreensão desses sentimentos, gerados diante das incertezas para enfrentar os novos desafios. Na obtenção das informações, adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico e, observações in loco nas escolas do ensino fundamental, existentes em Tamandaré (PE). Diante do entendimento adquirido, foi constatado que a chegada do aluno ao sexto ano traz momentos difíceis de adaptação, pois psicologicamente ele sofre, muitas vezes pela impaciência e as posturas diferenciadas dos novos professores. Tal fato provoca temor e ansiedade nos alunos, pois de forma bastante precoce, estão iniciando no mundo dos adultos. 
 Palavras-chave: transição, alunos do 6º ano, ensino fundamental, incompreensão dos professores.

Go social for your own safety! Review of social networks use on natural disasters – case studies from worldwide

Abstract Social networking sites (SNS) became an indispensable part of people’s everyday life, but also a powerful tool of communication during urgent situations, such as during natural disasters. This is evidenced by a large number of research papers showing the use of SNS in difficult circumstances. Some of the ways of using are the dissemination of information about missing persons, warning on further possible consequences, safety checks during natural disasters, communication about places where the population can find help or a safe refuge. At the same time, SNS could increase awareness among the population about natural hazards. Unfortunately, most parts of the world have at least once been hit by a major natural disaster. People who manage such events have a big task in front of them, as they need to exploit the potential of SNS, but also to reduce the negative side, such as spreading inaccurate information in difficult moments. The paper presents ways of using SNS, and the positive and negative effects of these, before, during and after natural disasters.

Resilience of Teenagers of Orphanage in Adjustment and Facing The Reality of Life

The problem about resilience of teenagers of orphanage is an interesting topic done because various of changes physically, cognitively, psychologically, and social-culture happened in adolescence. In addition, the teenagers from orphanage are separated from their biological parents Then, they face problems with a lot of pressure of life during staying in orphanage and they have to be able to adapt with the situation and tough condition of the reality of life. They must survive and rise up from those difficult moments. One of their abilities needed to describe about is resiliency. The tendency of resilience from them is in an enough category at conforming, it is 44,19%. it is important to follow up from the orphanages’ founder to help them in increasing resilience and adjustment.

КВАЗАР

An attempt is made to present a quasar structure based on the presence in its center of a supermassive object with an accretion disk, as well as the mechanisms for generating jet components and their initial segments. Model jet built on the basis of the allocation of the three main sources of matter supplied to the ejected jet. Such sources are: the baryonic matter of the accretion disk, the matter of the central body of the galaxy and dark galactic matter. Particles of dark matter — bosons — appear as a result of the pairwise combination of microwave photons, which are the remnant of stellar radiation. Deeper levels of matter (physical vacuum, or ether) are not taken into account, but their respective contributions are indicated in appropriate places. The central galactic body is considered an open system (dark star Mitchell - Laplace). This object has a finite size, finite density, and can have a large internal energy. Giving the central body the status of an open system allows one to overcome some difficult moments in the interpretation of observational data concerning the initial parts of the jet. The spatial separation of the original sources of matter makes it possible to speak of three components at the base of the jet of the active galactic nucleus.However, the appearance of a jet with three components requires certain conditions in the galactic core, which are not always there, but can occasionally appear. In addition, despite the fact that for the middle and central components of the jet the mechanism of their formation is the same, the central component of the jet may be absent. For its appearance, it is necessary that the energy and dynamic parameters of the central galactic body and the accretion disk satisfy certain conditions. Removing the restriction on the speed of motion of particles with a nonzero rest mass leads to a simple explanation of the presence of hard radiation from blazars and the appearance of excessively high energies of cosmic particles entering the earth's atmosphere. The consequences resulting from the mechanism of formation of two internal components of the jet are given.Two of them can be checked on the radiation of the central regions of nearby galaxies, and the other two consequences can relate to events on our planet — known major catastrophes and to the phenomenon sometimes observed in the Earth’s atmosphere

MODERN RUSSIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS: PERSONAL ASPECT

Relevance.The specificity of Russian-Turkish relations over several decades has been considered. It was determined that Putin, as well as Erdogan, headed the Russian Federation at a difficult moment: the internal socio-political situation in the country was characterized by destructive trends, the mood in society was also pessimistic, on the world stage of the Russian Federation it consistently lost its position of the state - successor of the USSR, a significant geopolitical center .Method or methodology of the work.The work used statistical, factor and structural research method.Results.The thesis was formulated that the activity, dynamics of bilateral relations - socio-political, foreign economic, in the field of military cooperation, etc. - always reveals a significant (in some cases - dominant) factor the specifics of personal relations at the level of heads of state, members of the government. The specificity of partnerships between V. Putin and R. Erdogan in the period up to 2016 is considered.Conclusions.The specificity of the parties to overcome this difficult stage of relations is considered. The content of the message of R. Erdogan to Putin was considered, and within the framework of which the provision was formulated that the Russian Federation is a friend of Turkey, its strategic partner.Novelty.The specifics of the positions of the parties regarding the incident with the Russian fighter shot down by the Turkish side were determined. It was noted that mutual misunderstandings developed into a phase of open conflict, which became the basis for the introduction of sanctions against Turkey by the Russian side.

Review of Phakama: Making Participatory Performance

This is a book review of a collection of case studies, interviews, descriptions of exercises and philosophical writing about Phakama, a collaborative, participant-centered and intercultural theatre project for young people. The project originated in Johannesburg, South Africa, and spread across the country and the world to impact young people, their facilitators and their communities from 1996 to 2016. The review discusses the concept of democracy, as represented in the book, and its effect on the practices revealed in its pages. These practices are characterized by two principles that are discussed, with examples, in the review: the principles of mutual dependence and of boundary crossing. Without glossing over the difficulties that may come with such work, freely discussing and acknowledging difficult moments of intercultural interaction, Phakama, the book and the movement, is a testament to 20 years of ground-breaking theatre work that forges a way of working that exemplifies a democratic orientation, giving voice to a kaleidoscope of perspectives.

The Marginalization of Harriet’s Daughters

Donald Trump’s ascension to the presidency has plunged the already demoralized advocates for racial and gender justice into a state of near-perpetual crisis. In the midst of never-ending war, both at home and abroad, it is almost impossible to recapture the sense of hope, or the buoyant celebration of American exceptionalism, that accompanied the election of the first African American president. It was just a decade ago that pundits and neoliberal celebrants of that landmark moment declared the advent of a new moment in US history—one to which the hopeful term “postracial” was attached.
 For most of us who casually follow the day-to-day course of our country’s political life, it seems impossible to understand how quickly and fully this reversal has taken place. Yet this very lack of understanding is what we must reckon with as a baseline condition for gearing up for the fight ahead. Buried beneath this cacophonous discourse—the celebration of the unexpected that soured into the profound retrenchment currently underway—are the dangerously compromised and uninterrogated baseline assumptions that would ultimately metastasize, via the well-documented alchemy of strategically repressed demands for justice, into the Trumpian moment. These intersectional failures of our movement set the stage for the weakened position that we are in today.
 If it is true that the lessons of history are bound to be repeated until they are learned, there is good reason to think that a full understanding of events today is subject to the same logic. But achieving such an understanding presents a difficult moment of reckoning—an internal confrontation with ourselves.

Wojsko w mieście. Żołnierze Hohenzollernów w Prusach Południowych (1793–1806)

W wyniku II rozbioru (1793) znaczna część ziem Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów znalazła się we władaniu Prus. Niezwłocznie też utworzono z nich nową prowincję – Prusy Południowe (Südpreussen). Jednym z elementów nowej rzeczywistości była obecność licznych wojskowych w przestrzeni społeczno-gospodarczej prowincji. Wiele miast i miasteczek stało się siedzibami garnizonów. Nastąpiło zetknięcie dwóch zupełnie różnych zbiorowości. Z jednej strony żołnierze, którym bardzo często towarzyszyły rodziny, z drugiej zaś „miejscowi” wtłoczeni z dnia na dzień w ramy obcych struktur administracyjnych. Kształtowała się skomplikowana sieć powiązań między cywilami a wojskowymi. Zmianie uległo oblicze etniczne wielu, zwłaszcza niewielkich ośrodków miejskich. Walorem było to, że wojsko dawało możliwość zwiększenia dochodów, choćby przez świadczone na jego rzecz usługi: sprzedaż żywności, transport, wynajem kwater, stajni, powierzchni magazynowych. Jednocześnie żołnierze, kiepsko opłacani, szukali możliwości zarobkowania, najmując się do wszelkich możliwych zajęć. Wzajemne współżycie nie było pozbawione momentów trudnych, wspólne bytowanie pod jednym dachem (żołnierskie kwatery) rodziło sytuacje zapalne. Jednak to nie one decydowały o całokształcie wzajemnych relacji – o czym świadczą świadectwa współpracy w sferze niematerialnej. Wymarsz większości garnizonów na wojnę z Francją (1806) zakończył krótki okres istnienia Prus Południowych. Jednak na opuszczonych przez Prusy terenach pozostało wielu związanych z poprzednią administracją, również wojskowych.

Climacteric experiences in nurses: Bases for feminine care in the light of Joan Scott [Experiencias climatéricas en enfermeras: Bases para el cuidado femenino a la luz de Joan Scott

The climacteric is a physiological stage in women that is characterized by a series of morphological, functional, psychological and emotional changes of experiences based on the care in the feminine condition. Objectives to describe and analyze the experiences of nurses based on Joan Scott's theory and to consider the basis for care. Qualitative study by means of a life history whose population consisted of ten nurses, an in-depth interview with open questions was used. Results: The following categories were evidenced: (1) Experiencing the climacteric with physical and psychological alterations, (2) Experiencing feelings of sexual inferiority, separation and incomprehension with the couple, (3) Help social networks: family, professional help, peer help, and (4) Transcend from the experiences and the bases for the achievement of a full life towards a model of integral care for women of climacteric age. It is concluded that the uncomfortable experiences of the climacteric compromises family and work interactions. In conjugal life, emotional fragility and incomprehension is still an obstacle for some women; family support provides effective help even in the most difficult moments, when the symptomatology is very intense, the woman requests professional help. For Scott, the woman establishes bonds of cultural identity, social with little understood gender differences. Therefore, the nurse must provide comprehensive and unique care, where the woman achieves a full life, building a "Model of care where strategies of action are developed directed at women in all its spheres.

The (Mis)representation of Enslavement in Historical Literature for Elementary Students

ContextElementary teachers will make difficult pedagogical choices when selecting materials to support their students’ learning about historical topics. Given the variety of historical books written for their students, certain stories will be emphasized and ultimately legitimated and others will be silenced through absence.Objective of StudyThe objective of this article is to identify and analyze children's literature spanning a spectrum of theoretical positioning and to interrogate their instructional implications. We investigate narratives and images of enslavement in children's literature through the question: how is enslavement portrayed in recently published elementary-level (first through sixth grade) literature?Research DesignThis article is a content analysis of 21 recently published elementary-level books that portray enslavement in U.S. history. Unlike previous studies of enslavement in children's literature, we analyzed both the narrative text and the illustrations in our dataset using methods that ensured interrater reliability. To accomplish this, we developed and tested an analytical tool for understanding the interpretive stances books deploy when they portray difficult moments in history. We deductively categorized textual and visual depictions of enslavement into one of three stances: selective tradition, social conscience, and culturally conscious. The criteria for these stances were established through critical race theory and the broad research tradition on African-American subjects in children's literature.ResultsOur analysis revealed the presence of all three depictions in children's literature. Our findings call attention to the need for careful decision-making on the part of elementary teachers, as their decisions around book selection will enact a curriculum that honors particular perspectives of U.S. history. The problematic elements identified in previous studies remain prevalent in modern books for elementary students. However, our findings also suggest teachers will be presented with a more complicated set of options when selecting among historical children's literature than previously documented by researchers.ConclusionsWhile a diversity of interpretive narratives about enslavement is present in elementary-level history books, the invisibility of race in U.S. history remains a powerful feature in current historical resources. Researchers of a number of topics in K–12 education will find utility in the analytical tool developed for this article. Selective tradition, social conscience, and culturally conscious are interpretive frames that can be directed at any number of topics in children's literature.

Ramsay Cook: A Life in History

Ramsay Cook (1931–2016) was a respected scholar and a much-loved friend whose scholarship and graduate supervision helped a new generation of historians rewrite the history of Canada. To mark his life and career, the Canadian Historical Association hosted a round table at its 2017 annual meeting which provided the basis for the short essays in this “Life in History” section dedicated to Cook. Donald Wright uses Barker Fairley’s portrait of a young Ramsay Cook as a starting point to consider his career and its animating themes. As an undergraduate at the University of Toronto in the late 1960s, Greg Kealey studied with Cook; a few years later, he and Cook discovered a shared interest in the radical Toronto journalist Phillips Thompson, also known as Jimuel Briggs. One of “Ramsay’s girls,” Franca Iacovetta remembers a generous doctoral thesis supervisor who took an active interest in not only her scholarship but the scholarship of a number of feminist historians. Strictly speaking, Adele Perry was not Cook’s doctoral student, but as a graduate student at York University, she appreciated his capacious understanding of Canadian history and his intellectual commitment to historical analysis unhooked from the yoke of nationalism. Robert Fraser was neither Cook’s student nor his university colleague, but he worked closely with him at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography (dcb) and came to admire his leadership and his commitment to scholarship during a difficult moment in the dcb’s history.

Nadzieja – cnota usprawniająca jakość życia współczesnego człowieka

Nadzieja towarzyszy czlowiekowi w dązeniu do spelnienia czegoś; co jest niezbedne i konieczne dla ludzkiej egzystencji. Przeciwdziala ona poczuciu utraty wartości najcenniejszych dla czlowieka. Brak nadziei prowadzi czlowieka do rozpaczy; a tym samym czesto do podejmowania decyzji prowadzących do nieodwracalnych sytuacji zyciowych. Nadzieja pozwala przejśc czlowiekowi przez najtrudniejsze momenty i okresy zycia. Z jednej strony ksztaltuje wizje egzystencjalną czlowieka; przepelnioną jego ufnością; wiarą w lepszy; sprzyjający los; z drugiej oddzialuje na jego poczucie transcendencji; ktorą przenika otucha. Nadzieja usprawnia zycie czlowieka. I chociaz nie ma nadziei bez obaw; to jest ona drogą poszukiwania sensu zycia. Nadzieja jest silą chroniącą zwlaszcza tych; ktorzy stają na skraju rozpaczy przyjmującej postac poczucia beznadziejności. Jako byt racjonalny przypisany strukturze osobowości kazdego czlowieka; mozna ją postrzegac w kilku sprzecznych ze sobą wymiarach. Nadzieja jest przyczyną usprawniającą wszystkie wymiary zycia kazdego czlowieka. Realizuje sie poprzez świat wartości; ku ktorym czlowiek zdąza i bez ktorych nie moze ksztaltowac jakości swojego zycia. Nadzieja ma swoją strukture; przez ktorą nalezy rozumiec pewien uklad osobliwych wlaściwości wchodzących z rozną silą we wzajemne relacje; ktore są jednocześnie jej elementami i stanowią calośc decydującą o indywidualnym i niepowtarzalnym charakterze poczucia nadziei w przypadku kazdego czlowieka. Rodzi sie pytanie o znaczenie nadziei; jej miejsce i role w procesach pedagogicznych; w ktorych świadomymi podmiotami są osoby wychowywane i wychowujące. Pedagogika nadziei jest probą wnikania w istote szczegolnie waznych elementow/czynnikow wspomagających rozwoj osobowości czlowieka.

The Editor’s Note: Getting real about school segregation

Over the decades, Kappan has published dozens of articles on school segregation, but the topic remains as urgent as ever. While the articles in this issue take up a number of familiar themes — voluntary integration, teacher diversity, housing segregation, and more — they come at them in new and distinct ways, reflecting the difficult historical moment in which they were composed: Given the racial and ethnic divisions we face today, this is a time for realism and the pursuit of small victories in the ongoing fight against segregation.