КВАЗАР

Abstract

An attempt is made to present a quasar structure based on the presence in its center of a supermassive object with an accretion disk, as well as the mechanisms for generating jet components and their initial segments. Model jet built on the basis of the allocation of the three main sources of matter supplied to the ejected jet. Such sources are: the baryonic matter of the accretion disk, the matter of the central body of the galaxy and dark galactic matter. Particles of dark matter — bosons — appear as a result of the pairwise combination of microwave photons, which are the remnant of stellar radiation. Deeper levels of matter (physical vacuum, or ether) are not taken into account, but their respective contributions are indicated in appropriate places. The central galactic body is considered an open system (dark star Mitchell - Laplace). This object has a finite size, finite density, and can have a large internal energy. Giving the central body the status of an open system allows one to overcome some difficult moments in the interpretation of observational data concerning the initial parts of the jet. The spatial separation of the original sources of matter makes it possible to speak of three components at the base of the jet of the active galactic nucleus.However, the appearance of a jet with three components requires certain conditions in the galactic core, which are not always there, but can occasionally appear. In addition, despite the fact that for the middle and central components of the jet the mechanism of their formation is the same, the central component of the jet may be absent. For its appearance, it is necessary that the energy and dynamic parameters of the central galactic body and the accretion disk satisfy certain conditions. Removing the restriction on the speed of motion of particles with a nonzero rest mass leads to a simple explanation of the presence of hard radiation from blazars and the appearance of excessively high energies of cosmic particles entering the earth's atmosphere. The consequences resulting from the mechanism of formation of two internal components of the jet are given.Two of them can be checked on the radiation of the central regions of nearby galaxies, and the other two consequences can relate to events on our planet — known major catastrophes and to the phenomenon sometimes observed in the Earth’s atmosphere