Differential Scanning Colorimetry Research Articles

Gastric Ulcer Prevention by Lansoprazole

The objective of the current investigation is to formulate ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyle methyle cellulose based sustained release microspheres, containing lansoprazole as model drugs. lansoprazole is type II anti-ulcer agent when administered shows synergetic effect in their action. Microspheres were prepared by W/O/O double emulsion solvent evaporation method with different stabilizer concentration and at different speeds of emulsification while maintaining constant amount of lansoprazole. Drug excipient compatibility study was performed prior to formulation development and only compatible excipients were used in the fabrication of microspheres. Prepared microsphere formulations were characterized by percentage yield, particle size analysis, entrapment efficiency, invitro release behavior, differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM studies showed that the microspheres were spherical with rough surface morphology. The drug loaded microspheres showed 10.4-57.9% entrapment capacity for lansoprazole and The invitro release profile showed a slow and steady release pattern for lansoprazole. A 95-98% was releases within a period of 12 hrs . The drug release was found to be diffusion controlled mechanism. The n value of Korsmeyer Peppas equation indicated non Fickian type of diffusion.

Green coffee nanoparticles: optimisation, in vitro bioactivity and bio-release property

Nanoencapsulation by spray drying was performed to protect and preserve antioxidant rich dietary polyphenols from green coffee beans. Nano-encapsulation of green coffee was done using maltodextrin as wall material. The nanoparticles were further characterised by zetasizer, differential scanning colorimetry, X-ray diffraction, In vitro gastric intestinal studies and storage stability. Optimal nanoparticles were obtained at a drying temperature of 125 °C and 2:1 Mwall/Mcore ratio (10% w/w maltodextrin), provided better encapsulation yield (40% w/w) and 70 ± 5% (w/w) encapsulation efficiency with 82.34 nm particle size, -28.8 mV zeta-potential. The In-vitro bioactivity of nanoparticles ensured 80 ± 2% (w/w) of chlorogenic acid availability in a controlled release in the intestine. Storage stability of nanoparticles under varied temperature was remarkably improved compared to non-encapsulated green coffee extract. However, the results indicated that the potential benefits of using maltodextrin coated green coffee nanoparticles for controlled release of Chlorogenic acid and sufficient antioxidative protection during prolonged period.

Isolation and characterization of starch from the hump of kepok banana (Musa balbisiana. L) as a precursor of biodegradable polyurethane synthesis

Starch from hump (Musa balbisiana L.) was isolated bythe maceration method. Bond characterization and determinationof gelatinization temperature, morphology, and particle size were conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC), respectively. This isolation produced starch with a yield of 17.2%, amorphous phase portion 78.8%, particle size of 70 nm, and the starch gelatinization process occurred at 67.5°C. Based on these data, the obtained starch has high potential to be applied as a precursor to synthesize polyurethane biopolymers.

Thermal, SEM, AFM, BET and biological analysis of newly synthesized Fe2+/Fe3+ based MOIFs

Herein we report the thermal, morphological, topographical, gas adsorption and biological activities of newly synthesized [Fe(CN)6]4−/[Fe(CN)6]3− based MOIFs using Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) and spectrophotometric methods. Thermal analysis revealed an effect of MOIFs alkyl chain on their heat holding capacity as a function of temperature. Nitrogen adsorption method was applied for surface and apparent cross-sectional area determination within MOIF ionic assembly. The DNA binding activity (DBA) of as prepared MOIFs was found in 40% order, computed using Ameta-Hyper-Hypochromic model. The increments and decrements in DNA helix axial length were conferred by hydrophobic (Hb)/hydrophilic (Hp) interactions, attributing for corresponding hyper/hypo chromic effect. Considerable anticancer activities of +2 and +3 Fe oxidation states (evaluated on MCF-7 cell line) for the DTAB stabilized MOIFs, were noticed. Apart from this, the free radical antioxidant activity of MOIF has also been investigated, found as directly varying with the alkyl chain lengths. A free radical trapping mechanism is suggested on the basis of Hb-Hb and Hp-Hp interactions.

Enhancing the Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Meclizine Hydrochloride by Inclusion Complex

Meclizine Hydrochloride is an Anti-Histamine drugs with very low bioavailability that can be improved by increasing its solubility and dissolution rate. The aim of this study is to enhance dissolution of Meclizine Hydrochloride as a model hydrophobic drug through application of inclusion complex technology. It was formulated as inclusion complex compact, and its dissolution property is evaluated and compared with marketed product of Meclizine Hcl tablet. The newly formulated drug and the interaction between excipients was examined by, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning colorimetry, respectively. Both DSC and SEM results suggested loss of crystallinity of Meclizine Hydrochloride upon conversion into a inclusion complex formulation. The dissolution efficiency of Meclizine Hydrochloride at 45 min was increased from directly compressed tablet to 98.0% for marketed product to 97.2% at 45 minutes for the inclusion complex formulation. The increase in the dissolution rate was also found to be significant compared to the marketed product. The inclusion complex technique appears to be a promising approach for improving the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs like Meclizine Hydrochloride. Keywords: Meclizine Hydrochloride, inclusion complex, Avicel pH 102, Talc, Lactose, ethanol

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CURCUMIN NANOPARTICLES LOADED THERMOSENSITIVE GELATIN - PLURONIC F127 HYDROGEL FOR WOUND HEALING APPLICATION

Curcumin, a natural phenolic compound, is extracted from turmeric exhibiting several biomedical activities. Unfortunately, less aqueous solubility causesl drawback in medicinal application. This study introduces a method in order to produce a biomaterial containing high content of curcumin nanoparticles, which can overcome curcumin’s poor dissolution and wound healing. This method uses a thermo-reversible pluronic F127-grafted gelatin (GP) which play the role as surfactant to disperse and protect nanocurcumin from aggregation. The synthetic GP copolymer was identified via 1H NMR. Thermal transition behavior was identified under test tube inversion and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC). The synthesized curcumin size was characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), which indicated that the size of nanocurcumin significantly varied ranging from 7 to 285 nm according to the amount of feeded curcurmin. The nanocurcumin-dispersed GP copolymer solution forms the nanocomposite hydrogel when warmed up to 36.27 °C. Release profile indicated the sustainable release control of nanocurcumin in the thermogel system. These results showed potential application of the biomaterial in tissue regeneration.

Flurbiprofen loaded ethosomes - transdermal delivery of anti-inflammatory effect in rat model

BackgroundEthosomes have been widely used in Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) as they increase the permeation of drug across the skin.MethodsFlurbiprofen loaded vesicular ethosomes were formulated, optimized and characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency, poly dispersive index (PDI), microscopy using Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Interaction of drug and excipients were studied using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Further, ethosomal formulations of flurbiprofen were evaluated for stability study of three months and in vitro drug permeation study was carried out using albino rat skin. In addition, skin irritation test was evaluated by Draize test and in vivo study of prepared formulation was examined through paw edema assay by inducing carrageenan and cold plate method.ResultsAmongst all formulations, EF5 formulation exhibited ideal surface morphology, with maximum entrapment efficiency (95%) with optimal excipient concentration i.e. 200 mg phospholipid and 35% ethanol. The ideal vesicle size was achieved as 162.2 ± 2 nm, with zeta potential − 48.14 ± 1.4 mV with the PDI of 0.341. In-vitro permeation study shows a release of 82.56 ± 2.11 g/cm2 in 24 h and transdermal flux was found as 226.1 μg/cm2/h. Cold plate test indicates that the formulation EF5 showed a marked analgesic activity and Carrageenan induced paw edema test indicates that the formulation EF5 inhibits the increase in paw edema. Ethosomal suspension at 4 °C showed maximum stability.ConclusionsThe overall study concluded that this ethosomal approach offers a new delivery system for sustained and targeted delivery for flurbiprofen.

Polymer – Polymer interaction at the nanoscale: An atomic force microscopy study of interaction stress

A new method of polymer-polymer interaction characterization through atomic force microscopy (AFM) is presented. Unlike previous interaction characterization methods such as light scattering, and differential scanning colorimetry, the current method generates the interaction strength in terms of interaction stress. This method is based on previously developed stepwise discretization technique, and is demonstrated here through studying the interaction between polyethylene (PE) and three compatible polymers including high density polyethylene (HDPE), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and polyethylene high density grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (PE-g-GMA). The results showed that PE-g-GMA had the strongest interaction of 1.5 MPa with PE in air; whereas UHMWPE offered the weakest interaction (i.e. 1 MPa) and HDPE had the shortest interaction distance of 4.3 nm at the peak interaction. The outcome was shown to be in agreement with previously demonstrated principle of polymer-polymer interaction, demonstrating the new method as a simple but powerful option in polymer-polymer interaction studies.

Self-assembled dual-drug loaded core-shell nanoparticles based on metal-free fully alternating polyester for cancer theranostics

Recent research has been directed to the use of biocompatible and biodegradable metal-free fully alternating polyester nanomaterial in drug delivery application. The practice of triethyl borane (Et3B)/Bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium chloride (PPNCl) Lewis pair as non-metallic catalyst was carried out to synthesize alternating copolymer of commercially available tert-butyl glycidyl ether (tBGE) and phthalic anhydride (PA) (poly(tBGE-alt-PA) copolymer) of low Mnvia nearly controlled ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) reaction. This biocompatible, hemocompatible, and biodegradable copolymer was used in the fabrication of different nanodrug formulations (NDFs) loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), curcumin (CUR) and their combination. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging showed the spherical shape and core-shell internal structure for all NDFs with an average particle diameter ranging between 200 and 250 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis displayed the amorphous nature of both DOX and CUR after their entrapment into the copolymer matrix. Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) analysis presented no potential chemical interactions between the drug and copolymer. The cellular drug uptake study showed the increased uptake for all NDFs compared to free drug and exhibited higher DOX and CUR accumulation in dual-drug loaded nanoparticles treated pancreatic cancer (MIA PaCa-2) cells. The in vitro drug release kinetic study displayed the slow sustained drug release behavior with anomalous transport for both DOX and CUR in a defined physiological environment. Further, the anti-tumor efficacy of all NDFs was examined on several different cancer cell lines and maximum cytotoxicity was observed in MIA PaCa-2 cells with low inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. These NDFs inhibited the proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells due to cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. In result, MIA PaCa-2 cells underwent apoptosis with significant changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In future, this study will open several novel insights related to the use of such biocompatible and biodegradable metal-free polyesters in targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.

ENHANCEMENT OF THE SOLUBILITY AND THE DISSOLUTION RATE OF TAMOXIFEN CITRATE SOLID DISPERSION USING SOLUPLUS BY SOLVENT EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE

Objective: The aim of the present study was the enhancement in the solubility of tamoxifen citrate using solid dispersion which is considered as a great solution to overcome the poor water solubility behavior of tamoxifen citrate (TMX) by solvent evaporation technique using Soluplus® as a novel carrier then formulate it as an orodispersible tablet.Method: A total of 24 formulas were prepared as a solid dispersion by solvent evaporation method using Soluplus® as a polymeric solubilizer in the ratio of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, and 1:10 then formulated as orodispersible tablets by incorporating three types of superdisintegrants; croscarmellose, crospovidone, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) with the solid dispersion. Characterization of the formulation was done using differential scanning colorimetry, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope and the best formula was selected according to the disintegration and dissolution tests.Results and Discussion: Formula 22 were selected as the best formula which contains mixed types of superdisintegrants; croscarmellose and SSG with the fastest complete disintegration of 6.5 s and complete dissolution with <2 min.Conclusion: Accordingly, TMX was successfully enhanced its water solubility by converting its crystalline structure into the amorphous state through solid dispersion with Soluplus® and formulated as an orodispersible tablet to improve its oral absorption.

ENHANCEMENT OF THE SOLUBILITY AND THE DISSOLUTION RATE OF TAMOXIFEN CITRATE SOLID DISPERSION USING SOLUPLUS BY SOLVENT EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE

Objective: The aim of the present study was the enhancement in the solubility of tamoxifen citrate using solid dispersion which is considered as a great solution to overcome the poor water solubility behavior of tamoxifen citrate (TMX) by solvent evaporation technique using Soluplus® as a novel carrier then formulate it as an orodispersible tablet.Method: A total of 24 formulas were prepared as a solid dispersion by solvent evaporation method using Soluplus® as a polymeric solubilizer in the ratio of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, and 1:10 then formulated as orodispersible tablets by incorporating three types of superdisintegrants; croscarmellose, crospovidone, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) with the solid dispersion. Characterization of the formulation was done using differential scanning colorimetry, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope and the best formula was selected according to the disintegration and dissolution tests.Results and Discussion: Formula 22 were selected as the best formula which contains mixed types of superdisintegrants; croscarmellose and SSG with the fastest complete disintegration of 6.5 s and complete dissolution with <2 min.Conclusion: Accordingly, TMX was successfully enhanced its water solubility by converting its crystalline structure into the amorphous state through solid dispersion with Soluplus® and formulated as an orodispersible tablet to improve its oral absorption.

Amorphous Mixtures of Albendazole with Carboxylic Acids By Cogrinding Technique: Solid State Characterizations and In Vitro Efficacy Study

Purpose: To improve the physicochemical properties of poorly aqueous soluble albendazole by formulating its amorphous mixtures by different techniques. Methods: cogrind amorphous mixtures were successfully formulated with different carboxylic acids like citric acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid and succinic acid in equimolar ratios by grinding and solvent drop grinding technique without formation of cocrystals. The physicochemical properties of pure albendazole and corresponding cogrind mixtures were assessed in terms of melting point, drug content, saturation solubility and dissolution studies, Infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD) and Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC). Results: The results indicated a marked improvement in flow properties and saturation solubility of amorphous mixtures. Further, in case of dissolution experiments, the amorphous mixtures showed a significant enhancement in the dissolution profiles as compared to pure albendazole. In-vitro anthelmintic as well as in In vitro antifungal activity was also improved. It could be concluded that better improvement of physicochemical properties of albendazole could be possible with salicylic acid and citric acid using cogrinding technique. Conclusion: It is possible to formulate amorphous mixtures of albendazole with different carboxylic acids without forming cocrystals still strong agreement to form cocrystals by solubility parameters, structural features. D.O.I. - 10.25258/ijddt.9.4.1

Synthesis Nanoparticle extract of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) and Characterization by Differential Scanning Colorimetry Profiling and its Activities as Inhibitor of HeLa Cell lines

Synthesis Nanoparticle extract of Clove (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L.) and Characterization by Differential Scanning Colorimetry Profiling and its Activities as Inhibitor of HeLa Cell lines

Biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Ruellia tuberosa: Antimicrobial properties and their applications in photocatalytic degradation

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is one of the promising, ecofriendly and safer methods. Utilizing plant sources as reducing agents will replace the use of toxic chemicals for nanoparticle synthesis. In the present study FeONPs were synthesized using Ruellia tuberosa (RT) leaf aqueous extract, further characterization of FeONPs was performed using UV–vis spectroscopy analysis showing visible peak at 405 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) proved the presence of Fe metallic ions. The structural characteristic using Field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed hexagonal nanorods with agglomeration. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) calculated the average size of FeONPs around 52.78 nm and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) proved the stability of FeONPs till higher temperature of 165.52 °C. As an application part, the synthesized FeONPs showed potential antibacterial activity as individual and incorporating material over cotton fabrics against Gram negative and Gram positive pathogens. FeONPs showed higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and lesser antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The photocatalytic ability of the synthesized FeONPs was demonstrated by the degrading crystal violet dye under solar irradiation upto 80%. Thus, FeONPs synthesized using Ruellia tuberosa could play a vital role in killing the bacterial pathogens and degrading dye for the bioremediation of wastewater from industrial and domestic sources.

Cellulose Nitrates from Unconventional Feedstocks

Samples of technical-grade cellulose isolated by nitric acid technique from unconventional feedstocks (oat hulls, Miscanthus, and intermediate flax straw) have been treated for the first time with a sulfuric acid–nitric acid mixture to give cellulose nitrates with a nitrogen content of 12.04–12.26%, viscosity 10–14 mPa s, and a solubility in an alcohol–ether mixture of at least 98%, which corresponds to industrial lacquer-purpose high-viscosity colloxylin and N-grade colloxylin. It has been confirmed by IR spectroscopy and differential scanning colorimetry that the cellulose nitrates from unconventional feedstocks correspond to industrial colloxylins in terms of the key absorption bands (1650–1635, 1279–1276, 831–825, 746, 687–672 cm–1), thermal degradation onset temperature (about 200°C), and specific heat of decomposition (6.28–7.54 kJ/g).

Development of Biodegradable Injectable In situ Forming Implants for Sustained Release of Lornoxicam.

The focus of this study was to develop in situ injectable implants of Lornoxicam which could provide sustained drug release. Biodegradable in situ injectable implants were prepared by polymer precipitation method using polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA). An optimized formulation was obtained on the basis of drug entrapment efficiency, gelling behavior and in vitro drug release. The compatibility of the formulation ingredients were tested by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC). SEM study was performed to characterize in vivo behavior of in situ implant. Pharmacokinetic study and in vivo gelling study of the optimized formulation were performed on Sprague-Dawley rats. Stability testing of optimized formulation was also performed. The drug entrapment efficiency increased and burst release decreased with an increase in the polymer concentration. Sustained drug release was obtained up to five days. SEM photomicrographs indicated uniform gel formation. Chemical interaction between the components of the formulation was not observed by FT-IR and DSC study. Pharmacokinetic studies of the optimized formulation revealed that the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to achieve Cmax (Tmax) and area under plasma concentration curve (AUC) were significantly higher than the marketed intramuscular injection of lornoxicam. Stability study of optimized batch showed no change in physical and chemical characteristics. Lornoxicam can be successfully formulated as in situ injectable implant that provides long-term management of inflammatory disorders with improved patient compliance.

The Effect of Lithium on Crystallization and Microstructure of Glass-Ceramics in Soda-Lime Silicate System

This study investigated the crystallization of soda-lime silicate (NCS) system by re-melting soda-lime silicate glass cullet with Al2O3 CaCO3 and Li2O. The Li2O was added as a nucleating agent. The effect of the nucleating agent on crystallization was investigated in order to study the possibility for use as a parent glass for glass-ceramics. Soda-lime silicate cullet was the main raw material and its chemical composition by weight was 68% SiO2 2% Al2O3 9% Na2O 9% K2O 3.5% CaO 2.5% MgO 1.2% TiO2 3% SrO and 2% ZnO. Glass batches with composition (%wt) of (65-x) Cullet:13Al2O3:22CaCO3:x(Li2O) (x = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8) were melted at 1500°C for 3 hours and annealed at 600°C. All glasses added with Li2O were clear except x = 8. The crystallization was investigated by Differential Scanning Colorimetry technique (DSC). The results exhibited the exothermic peak of crystallization (TpI and TpII). The glasses with added Li2O exhibited decreasing crystallization temperature with increasing Li content. The glasses were heated at temperatures around the crystallization temperature (700, 750 and 800°C). After heat treatment, the crystalline phase in the glasses was determined by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The microstructure was investigated by optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The phases of Nepheline (Na,K)AlSiO4 and Wollastonite (CaSiO3) were found. The crystallization depended on the heat treatment temperature. The thermal expansion of the glasses was determined by the dilatometric method to indicate the characteristics of the glass-ceramics. In conclusion, Li2O had a strong effect on the crystallization in soda-lime silicate system. The result could be applied for the production of glass-ceramics from soda-lime cullet.

Influence of debranching and retrogradation time on behavior changes of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius nanostarch

In this study, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (elephant foot yam) starch nanoparticles (SNPs) were produced using a native facile and green procedure integrated with debranching and recrystallization. SNPs were produced through debranching with pullulanase followed by 12- and 24-h retrogradation time. Transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning colorimetry, and X-ray diffraction were utilized to illustrate the morphology, molecular structure, in vitro digestibility, and behavior changes of SNPs. The results revealed that debranching and the retrogradation time influenced the yield of SNPs. The results showed that the particle size of the nanoparticles ranged between 182.07 and 198.1 nm. Prolonging the retrogradation time from 12 to 24-h led to an increase in gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy of SNPs. In contrast with the traditional method for preparing SNPs, the method developed in the present study has the advantages of increased yield and rapidity, and also useful for developing new materials in biomedical applications.

An approach to Improve Therapeutic Efficacy of Doxycycline Hyclate in Treatment of Periodontitis.

A number of ways have been investigated for administration of antibacterial agents in dealing withplaque-initiated periodontal disease. These include prolonged release intrapocket devices which are inserted at diseased sites. Intrapocket drug delivery system was designed which contain Doxycycline Hyclate; an antibacterial agent. The formulations were so developed with an aim to reduce the dose of a drug, to target the drug to the specific site and to maintain dosage at its absorption site for an extended period of time thereby improves the patient compliance. The study was aimed towards by formulating the periodontal in situ gels by temperature induced gelation technique with the utilization of polymer Pluronic F127 which is synthetically prepared. The Pluronic F127 showed the sol-gel transition phenomenon in between 27-37 °C. In situ gels were prepared and characterized/evaluated for its physico-chemical properties such as pH, gelation properties, rheology, gel strength, mucoadhesion, drug content, in-vitro, and ex-vivo drug release rate, texture analysis and Differential Scanning Colorimetry etc. The formulation found to be solution at room temperature and forms gel after installation into periodontal pocket hence leadingto increase in retention time and to slowly release the drug into pocket. The results of characterization of formulation were found to be satisfactory and hence significant bioavailability can be increased, so these in situ gelling systems will be useful in future for improving therapeutic efficacy of Doxycycline hyclate in treatment of Periodontitis. Owing to these properties it can be used as an effective delivery system for the intrapocket route.

Preparation, hardness studies and characterization of 88 Sn-7.5Zn-2.5Al-2In and 88 Sn-7 Zn-2Al-2.5 In lead free soldering alloys

Soldering uses lead as one of its alloying elements because of the low melting point of lead. Recent research has focused on lead free solders as lead is seen as a poisonous elements. In this work, two lead free alloys, namely 88 Sn-7.5Zn-2.5Al-2 In and 88 Sn-7Zn-2 Al-2.5 In were prepared using induction melting method in an argon atmosphere. Melting points of the alloys were 203.7Cellcius and 201.6 Celsius as determined by Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC). Vickers hardness tests were conducted. Hardness values were found to be higher than normal lead based soldering alloys. The lead free solders were characterized using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectra (EDS). Microstructural studies were also done to study changes in microstructure with Indium.