Plants Of Different Varieties Research Articles

Bibliometric analysis and survey on electronic nose used in agriculture

Work carried out at the beginning of this century on improvements in semiconductor materials, transducers, sensors and artificial intelligence algorithms led to the rapid expansion of research topics related to the electronic nose, with diverse applications. Agriculture is a recent application field that needs a review of the usage of electronic noses in this field and the future challenges. The paper provided a bibliometric analysis and review of electronic noses used in agriculture. A search of published works on the e-nose and its applications in agriculture was carried out in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, which provide comprehensive citation data for academic disciplines worldwide. In the end, 2,953 documents were identified, and the data collected was analyzed mainly using the bibliometric toolbox, and then a deep study was carried out. The study results show that in the agricultural field, some works were achieved on different varieties of plants to detect disease or plant damage with very good results using electronic noses. However, less research was carried out to directly identify animals in crops like pests or environmental monitoring using electronic noses in agriculture. Some recommendations for future research efforts are finally provided.

Agricultural practices influence foliar endophytic communities in coffee plants of different varieties

AbstractFungal endophytes are pivotal components of a plant's microbiome, profoundly impacting its health and fitness. Yet, myriad questions remain concerning the intricate interactions between these microorganisms and their hosts, particularly in the context of agriculturally important plants such as Coffea arabica. To bridge this knowledge gap and provide a comprehensive framework, this study investigated how farming practices shape the taxonomic and functional diversity of phylloplane endophytes in coffee. Coffee plant leaves from two distinct producing regions in Costa Rica were sampled, ensuring the representation of various coffee varieties (Obatá, Catuaí, and Caturra), agricultural management methods (organic vs. conventional), sun exposure regimes (full sunlight/monoculture vs. natural shade/agroforestry), and leaf developmental stages (newly emerged asymptomatic vs. mature leaves). Fungal communities were characterized by employing both culture‐dependent and independent techniques (internal transcribed spacer 2 nuclear ribosomal DNA metabarcoding). The results showed a greater diversity of endophytes in mature leaves and conventionally managed plants, with coffee variety exerting an unclear influence. The effect of sun exposure was surprisingly negligible. However, data emphasize the benefits of agroforestry and organic farming, which are linked to reduced putative pathogens and heightened levels of potentially mutualistic fungi, fostering functionally diverse communities. Despite the role that plant microbiomes might play in agricultural production, the knowledge to shape endophytic communities through breeding or management is lacking. The results from this study provide a framework to understand how both plant and agricultural practices influence endophyte diversity within coffee crops. These insights hold promise for guiding future efforts to manipulate coffee microbial communities effectively.

3-year results of hop hybrids testing

Chuvashia has long been the main hop producer in the Soviet Union. Today, the Tsivilsky district of Chuvashia is the northernmost point of the hop breeding process. To revive this crop in the hop farms of the Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture, the study of hybrids of common hop (Humulus Lupulus L.), grown from seeds obtained from different combinations of varieties of the hop collection of the Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture is being carried out. The aim of the work is to breed new high-yielding hop varieties of high quality, adapted to the agroclimatic conditions of Chuvashia. The planting of the selection and control nursery was carried out in 2015. The article presents the results of the research for 2020-2022. As a control, 2 varieties were taken. Standard 1 - Podvyazny, has long been the standard in terms of yield, quality, and stability. It belongs to the medium-maturing group of varieties. Standard 2 - Fakir, the best variety of the mid-early group from a series of recently developed varieties. Plants grown from seeds obtained from female plants of Saxon, Marinka, Late Cluster, Porphyry 16 and Plunscher were studied. Male plants of different varieties were used as pollinators by random pollination or by pollen mixture using isolators. A complex of economically useful traits was investigated. The main ones, yield and alpha acid content in cones, are given in the article. Depending on agroclimatic conditions during the years of research, separate hybrid combinations were assigned. Only two combinations - Porfir 16 × SR - 25.3 kg/ha, which showed itself as a medium-ripening variety with an alpha acid content of 5.2% and Saxon × SR - 33 kg/ha - showed itself as a medium-early variety with an alpha acid content of 6.1%. Several combinations also outperformed Podvyazny in some years, either in terms of yield or quality, but there was no consistent outperformance in all three years.

Features of the formation of the height of soybean varieties of different maturity groups

The article presents the results of the analysis of the formation of the height of soybean plants, their weight, attachment of the lower beans on the plant in different groups of soybean maturity. The research was conducted in 2022–2024 at NATASHA AGRO LLC of the Chernihiv region. Soy varieties, early ripening - Diadema Podillia, Tenor, Satalia; mid-early ripening – Churayvna, Sakuza, Mentor; medium-ripe - Pallador, Prescott, Azimuth. The Churayvna soybean variety served as a control. The soil of the experimental site is a meadow-chernozem dusty-loamy soil. The area of the sowing area is 78 m2, the accounting area is 25 m2, repetition three times. The predecessor is corn. The method of sowing is35 cm wide rows. Soybean sowing rate is 550,000/ha of similar seeds. It has been established that the formation of the height of soybean plants is influenced by varietal characteristics. Soybean plants reach their maximum height in the bean filling phase, while the tallest were the mid-ripening varieties Pallador –92,2 cm, Prescott –89,0 cm, and the mid-early - Sakuza –90,4 cm. The lowest height of soybean plants was recorded in early-ripening Tenor soybean varieties –77,1 cmand Diadema Podillya –73,6 cm. In the varieties Pallador, Prescot, Azimuth of the medium-ripening group, the height of the attachment of the lower bean was from 15 to16 cm. For these varieties, this is a positive indicator, which will reduce losses when harvesting with a combine harvester . Varieties Tenor, Satalia had a low bean attachment of 11–11,8 cm, both in favorable and unfavorable years of research. The height of plants of different varieties of soybeans in the phase of the 2nd trifoliate white leaf is almost the same. Differences in indicators are observed in the phase of the beginning of budding, the largest increase is during the flowering period - the filling of beans. Sakuza varieties stood out –86,6 cm, Pallador –96,1 cm, Prescott –81,4 cm.

The Linearly Polarized Light Effect on Maize Development

The main purpose of the work was to study the linearly polarized light impact on the maize plants development. The other purpose was to confirm the model proposed earlier. The methods used in this work include the development of LED light sources, the polarization parameter (degree of polarization) assessment and statistical analysis. Maize (Zea mays L.) plants, Hansatech FMS 1+ pulsed fluorimeter and software TXP Series Instrumentation were used. Plants were grown under white light (WW) with intensity of 200 µmol m–2 s–1. The morphometric parameters measured on the 21st day demonstrated that maize plants of different varieties grown under linearly polarized light developed better than under non-polarized light conditions. In addition, the fact was confirmed by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. The mechanism has been proposed to explain significant polarized radiation impact on maize, according to which this impact depends on the shape and arrangement of the leaf epidermal cells. The monocotyledonous maize plants have leaves with an ordered arrangement of epidermal cells in comparison with dicotyledonous plants, which cells placed in chaotic order and have no certain shape. Thus, the maize cells layer can transform linearly polarized radiation into elliptically polarized radiation, thus latter should be more efficiently absorbed by the chiral chromophores of photosensitive structures in underlying photosynthetic cells.

An Efficient and Automated Image Preprocessing Using Semantic Segmentation for Improving the 3D Reconstruction of Soybean Plants at the Vegetative Stage

The investigation of plant phenotypes through 3D modeling has emerged as a significant field in the study of automated plant phenotype acquisition. In 3D model construction, conventional image preprocessing methods exhibit low efficiency and inherent inefficiencies, which increases the difficulty of model construction. In order to ensure the accuracy of the 3D model, while reducing the difficulty of image preprocessing and improving the speed of 3D reconstruction, deep learning semantic segmentation technology was used in the present study to preprocess original images of soybean plants. Additionally, control experiments involving soybean plants of different varieties and different growth periods were conducted. Models based on manual image preprocessing and models based on image segmentation were established. Point cloud matching, distance calculation and model matching degree calculation were carried out. In this study, the DeepLabv3+, Unet, PSPnet and HRnet networks were used to conduct semantic segmentation of the original images of soybean plants in the vegetative stage (V), and Unet network exhibited the optimal test effect. The values of mIoU, mPA, mPrecision and mRecall reached 0.9919, 0.9953, 0.9965 and 0.9953. At the same time, by comparing the distance results and matching accuracy results between the models and the reference models, a conclusion could be drawn that semantic segmentation can effectively improve the challenges of image preprocessing and long reconstruction time, greatly improve the robustness of noise input and ensure the accuracy of the model. Semantic segmentation plays a crucial role as a fundamental component in enabling efficient and automated image preprocessing for 3D reconstruction of soybean plants during the vegetative stage. In the future, semantic segmentation will provide a solution for the pre-processing of 3D reconstruction for other crops.

Influence of Vympel 2 and Oracul multicomplex biopreparations and their mixture on spring barley (Hordeum L.) plants of different varieties

The study of mechanisms of biological preparations influence on the plants of agricultural crops in order to improve and regulate their growth is an urgent task in agroecology. So, the article presents the results of studies of changes in biometric parameters of spring barley plants depending on the effect of biological preparations Vympel 2, Oracle multicomplex and their mixture (Vympel 2 + Oracle multicomplex). The research was conducted on the basis of temporary field experiments (Skvyra research station of organic production of IAEM of the National Academy of Sciences) and at the department of agrobioresources and ecologically safe technologies in the laboratory of biocontrol of agroecosystems and organic production of the IAEM of the National Academy of Sciences. In the course of the work, it was determined that under the influence of the mixture of Vympel 2 + Oracul multicomplex preparations, spring barley plants of varieties Sebastian and Helios, in the phase of full grain maturity, were 10 cm taller compared to the option without treatment (control). This shows that the treatment of spring barley plants with microfertilizer and growth stimulator ensured an increase in the linear dimensions of plants in height in all phases of their development. It has been established that the influence of preparations Vympel 2, Oracul multicomplex and their mixture (Vympel 2 + Oracul multicomplex) enhances the formation of the assimilation apparatus, which improves the conditions for the growth and development of spring barley plants, both due to the stimulating properties of the plant growth regulator and the improvement of soil nutrition conditions from the side of microfertilizer, which affects the formation of high-yielding crops. It was analyzed that the ear length, the number of grains in the ear, and the mass of grains of spring barley plants changed under the influence of the preparations, which depends on the varietal characteristics of the plants and the stimulating effect of the studied preparations. The best results were obtained by using the Vympel 2 + Oracul multicomplex mixture on plants of the Sebastian variety, where the length of the ear was 2 cm higher, and the weight of the grains was 22 g heavier compared to the control variant.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОСТУ ТА РОЗВИТКУ СОРТІВ НУТУ ЗВИЧАЙНОГО ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ВНЕСЕННЯ МАКРО- Й МІКРОДОБРИВ

Встановлено, що за проведення позакореневого підживлення мікродобривами у фазі інтенсивного росту й розвитку рослин та, можливо, на початку бутонізації на тлі передпосівного внесення мінеральних добрив тривалість міжфазного періоду нуту від повних сходів до повної стиглості зерна коливалася в межах 89–95 діб, або збільшилася на 4–6 діб порівняно з контролем за нерівномірного вологозабезпечення та зміни температурного режиму в період вегетації. Таким чином, позакореневе внесення бору та молібдену підвищувало енергію проростання насіння нуту і його схожість, а також сприяло збереженню рослин у комплексі з позакореневим підживленням упродовж усього періоду вегетації порівняно з контролем без передпосівного внесення мінеральних добрив.

Influence of nitrogen stress on nitrate accumulation and yield of lettuce varieties

Relevance. Many authors note the existence of significant genotypic differences in the assimilation of nitrogen and the accumulation of nitrates by lettuce, point to the additive-dominant nature of the inheritance of the trait. The aim of the work was to evaluate the response of lettuce of various cultivars to mineral nutrition stress created against a nitrogen-deficient background (N0) and with an increased dose of nitrogen (N200).Material and Methods. In a microfield experiment on well-cultivated soddy-podzolic soil, a collection of lettuce varieties belonging to the main cultivated variety types was studied. The varieties differed in geographical origin, early maturity and morphological characteristics.Results. Differences in yield between varieties against the background of N200 were 4.5 times, and against the background of N0 – 5.7 times. Against an increased background of nitrogen nutrition, the highest yield – 2.22-2.64 kg/m2 was formed by the following varieties: All the Year, Quedlinburger Dickkopf, Berlin Yellow, Great lakes. Against a nitrogen-deficient background, Azart and Odessa Kucheryavets varieties stood out in terms of yield, which absorbed soil nitrogen better than others. The content of nitrates in lettuce plants of different varieties varied more strongly when grown on the background of N200 and ranged from 10.7 to 13.6 times (on average over 2 years – 11,2 times), on the control of N0 – 33 times. Varieties accumulating maximum NO3 under conditions of excess nitrogen nutrition were revealed. Lettuce Romaine (Lactuca romana) – 353 mg/kg and White paris cus (198 mg/kg) had a low content of NO3. The period of the maximum increase in biomass also corresponded to the maximum decrease in NO3 in plants. Power function equations were calculated to estimate the rate of change in biomass and NO3 content. The results indicate that there may be some scope for NO3 reduction in lettuce through cultivar selection or breeding.

Photosynthetic activity of winter rye plants (Secale Cereale L.) in dependence on cultivation conditions in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

Topicality. Today, studying the influence of agrotechnical methods on the photosynthetic activity of plants and the grain productivity of modern winter rye varieties, depending on the predecessors, sowing dates and mineral nutrition, allows to achieve full biological potential of plants and determine the optimal technological parameters for increasing grain yield in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Purpose. To conduct investigations on the peculiarities of photosynthetic activity of modern winter rye varieties depending on their predecessors against the background of different sowing dates and the mineral nutrition content in the soil and climatic conditions of the Northern Steppe. Materials and Methods. In 2018–2021, the research was conducted on the basis of the Experimental Farm "Dnipro" of the State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine. There were four factors in the experiment. The winter rye varieties Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir were sown after sunflower and spring barley in the early (5–10 September), optimal (20–25 September) and late (5–10 October) dates. Results. Winter rye, sown after spring barley, had a larger leaf area, leaf index and higher values of photosynthetic potential compared to the experimental variants where this crop was sown after sunflower. The maximum values of these parameters were observed in plants of different varieties when sown on 20–25 September with N45 applied on frozen-thawed soil after both predecessors. Over the years of research, annual average values of leaf area in the heading stage of plants grown after stubble predecessor for Pamiat Khudoierka variety were 50.4 thousand m2/ha, Stoir variety – 52.9 thousand m2/ha, and after sunflower – 46.6 and 48.5 thousand m2/ha, respectively. These variants also had the highest photosynthetic potential of the crop, which was 2.59 and 2.76 million m²-days/ha in Pamiat Khudoierka and Stoir varieties grown after spring barley, and 2.40 and 2.52 million m²-days/ha after sunflower, respectively. According to our research results, it was found that the highest yield of Stoir variety was obtained by sowing winter rye after spring barley and sunflower in the most optimal date, namely 20–25 September, and applying nitrogen at the rate of 45 kg a.i./ha in early spring, which was, depending on the predecessor, 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Therefore, according to the results of the conducted research, it was found that the maximum leaf surface area (52.9 thousand m2/ha), leaf index (5.3) and photosynthetic potential (2.76 million m²-days/ha) were formed by Stoir variety at sowing on 20–25 September after spring barley and nitrogen fertilisation of 45 kg a.i./ha in early spring on frozen-thawed soil. In addition, the maximum yield level of Stoir variety was achieved under such conditions after spring barley and sunflower, which was 6.47 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Key words: winter rye, variety, predecessor, sowing date, photosynthetic activity of plants, leaf area, photosynthetic potential of crops, yield

Curcuma longa as a Natural Immunomodulator for Preventing infection from COVID 19 With an In Silico Approach

SARS-CoV-2 is a Coronaviridae virus with a single-stranded RNA genome. This virus is highly contagious and spreads rapidly, with mutations occurring at a rapid pace. Various preventive actions have been implemented to prevent the spread of Covid-19 instances. The World Health Organization recommended that everyone clean their hands, masks, and other items in their environment on a frequent basis. As a result of these measures, the virus's transmission will be slowed. Furthermore, keeping one's immune system is critical for limiting the spread of Covid-19. As a result of a weakening immune system, our body's defenses will deteriorate, making us more susceptible to sickness and unable to fight diseases caused by viruses or bacteria. If the immune system is strong, it will recognize and kill viral and bacterial compounds when they are exposed. Immunomodulators, such as natural vitamins and herbs, can help maintain and boost immunity. Indonesia is primarily a farming country. In Indonesia, many different varieties of plants can be grown. Turmeric is an Indonesian medicinal plant that may be found all across the country. Turmeric's ability to act as an immunomodulator has also been proven. As a result, the goal of this study is to determine the usefulness of the active chemicals found in the Curcuma longa plant as a natural immunomodulator in order to avoid mutations of the COVID 19 variation by looking at the background of the current situation. The approach employed in this study is an in silico Molecular Docking test, with the goal of determining the active side of the drug and the value of Binding Affinity from the Docking data. Tissue Pharmacology is used to depict the protein network found in turmeric plants, as well as the substances and diseases that are linked to these proteins. According to the findings, the compound quercetin acts as a ligand for the PIK3CG protein and has a high binding affinity of -7.4. As a result, it can be identified as a substance that acts as a natural immunomodulator in turmeric plants.

Сезонний ритм розвитку рослин актинідії (Actinidia arguta) в умовах Північного Степу Причорномор’я

The relevance of research on actinidia plants, which is a non-traditional uncommon fruit crop for Ukraine, is highlighted. In the conditions of introduction of the northern steppe of the Black Sea coast as a result of experimental researches dates of passing of phenological phases of two forms - female and male French selection are established. Female plants begin flowering 7 days earlier than males and bloom three days longer, regardless of the type of maturity. It was found that the biological maturity of actinidia fruits begins in the second decade of September (early - in the first), their full maturity was recorded in the late second to early third decade of September. The duration of the vegetation period of plants of different varieties and forms in the 2020 season was 229-236 days, in 2021 221-232 days, which indicates a direct dependence of plant growth and development on weather conditions. In terms of varieties, plants of medium type of development formed a yield higher than the early by 4464 g on average for two years of research. Assessment of resistance to pests and diseases in the 2020-2021 seasons showed that these objects are absent on actinidia plants, which is probably due to their absence in the new environment. The decrease in air temperature to -2… -5 oC at night in 2020 led to the freezing of young shoots and flower buds in plants of both forms. As a result, the fruit harvest was much lower than next year - 2021. For the successful cultivation of actinidia in the conditions studied, developed agronomic recommendations for the prevention of damage by low temperatures. The conclusion is made about carrying out selection works on creation of new grades of this culture, with a high level of plasticity and resistance to frosts during the growing season.

Isolation of Bacteria from Rhizosphere, Phylloplane and Caulosphere of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Rhizosphere, phylloplane and caulosphere is the region where a complex community of microbes, mainly bacteria and fungi are present. The microbe- plant interaction in these regions can be beneficial, neutral, variable, or deleterious for plant growth. The bacteria that exert beneficial effects on plant development are termed plant growth promoting bacteria. To isolate the bacteria from rhizosphere, phylloplane and caulosphere of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). The seeds of 16 cultivars of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) viz., Arka keshav, Arka shirish, Arka kusumaker, and IIHR accession numbers 389,386,387,377 Tc, BB44, 391, 433, 434, 427, 447, 448, 476 and 487 that were used in the initial screening experiment were obtained from the Department of Vegetable crops, IIHR, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore. Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) plants of different varieties were collected from seven locations around Bangalore viz., Hessaraghatta, Yelahanka, Kengeri, Madi vala, Hebbal, Tirumalapura and Attibele were also screened for the presence of associative bacteria. Associative microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere, phylloplane and shoot regions of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.), revealed the presence of three morphologically different colonies. 80% of 16 cultivars of the brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) screened showed the presence of associative bacterial colonies. In this study diazotrophic BBI were obtained from the rhizoplane, phylloplane and stem of 16 cultivars of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) that were screened. The dominant pearl-colored colonies isolated from all varieties of brinjal plants that were screened was identified and showed maximum nitrogen fixing ability compared with that of the other colonies. The phylloplane of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) plants from seven different locations around Bangalore showed the presence of the dominant pearl-colored colonies. Moderate growth of bacteria was observed in root, stem and leaf bits sterilized up to 35 minutes. Even on surface sterilized roots which were homogenized and inoculated on growth media, dense growth of bacteria was observed there by establishing the presence of bacteria inside the root system. For the first time the presence of growth promoting bacteria on the rhizosphere and endorhizosphere of brinjal (Solanum Melongena L.) cultivars was established.

Influence of plant exometabolites of different soybean varieties on aggressiveness and intensity of sporulation of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe

The article presents the results of studies of the influence of exometabolites in plants of different soybean varieties and technologies of their cultivation on the aggressiveness and intensity of sporulation of fungi isolates Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. The object of the study were plant exometabolites of soybean varieties: Suzirya of selection of National Research Center of the Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine and Kent of selection of Saatbau Linz in Austria. Since organic production denies the use of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products, an alternative to them is the use of technologies with biological products of different action. Therefore, of these varieties of soybean plants were grown according to the technologies developed in the companies: Filazonit Ukraine LLC, Modern Agricultural Technologies LLC, A-Rice LLC, as well as in the company BTU-Center, PE. Found that exometabolites of studied soybean varieties, grown on listed technologies, lead to increased aggressiveness of isolates of the fungus F. graminearum. Thus, against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Suzirya variety, the index of seedling damage ranged from 21.3% to 29.8%, and against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Kent variety — from 21.14% to 25.46%. This indicates their medium aggressiveness and stabilizing selection in the fungus population. It is established that the exometabolites of the studied soybean cultivars grown by the listed technologies lead to a decrease in the intensity of sporulation of fungus isolates F. graminearum compared to control. Thus, against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Suzirya variety, the index of seedling damage ranged from 5,7·106 cells/ml to 12,11·106 cells/ml, and against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Kent variety — from 4,25·106 cells/ml to 10,2·106 cells/ml. This indicates their average aggressiveness and stabilizing selection in the population of the fungus on this basis. Thus, the obtained results of studies point to a significant influence of metabolic products of plants of different varieties of soybean and their cultivation technology on physiological and biochemical properties of pathogenic fungi F. graminearum.

SCREENING OF MODERN CHICKPEA VARIETIES BY RESPONSE TO BACTERIZATION

Objective. To screen modern varieties of chickpeas of Ukrainian selection by the response to bacterization, to identify varieties characterized by high increases in symbiotic activity and yield. Methods. Biotesting, gas-chromatographic, field experiment, statistical. Results. The response to bacterization of chickpea seeds of different varieties was studied in a field experiment in the southern region of Ukraine (Region of Odesa). As a result of inoculation of chickpea seeds with a bacterial suspension of an effective strain of Mesorhizobium ciceri ND-64, a significant increase in nodulation activity was registered. The highest increase in the number of nodules (51.6 % and 53 %) was reported for the varieties Odysei and Triumf. Upon seed inoculation with the studied strain, a significant increase in the weight of nodules of the Triumf variety (2.3 times) was shown. In the control variants, the nitrogenase activity in the nodules of Skarb variety plants was the highest (425 nmol C2H4/plant per hour), and in the Budzhak variety it was the lowest (159 nmol C2H4/plant per hour). Inoculation of seeds with bacterial suspension of M. ciceri ND-64 contributed to a significant increase in the studied parameter in the varieties Budzhak, Pamiat, Odysei and Triumf. The latter was characterized by the most significant response to inoculation with an effective strain in terms of nodulation and nitrogenase activity. Symbiotic parameters showed the weakest ability to respond to inoculation in terms of symbiotic parameters in Skarb variety. Pamiat variety was characterised by the maximum number of seeds per plant (18.5 units/plant). However, as a result of inoculation of chickpea seeds with M. ciceri ND-64, the number of seeds increased the most in the variety Skarb and amounted to 28.7 units/plant. In terms of seed weight, the Triumph variety was superior (9.5 g/plant). The yield of all studied varieties of chickpeas after bacterization of seeds with M. ciceri ND-64 significantly exceeded the control variants (without inoculation) by 21–56 %. The highest increase in control was observed for the varieties Triumph (0.49 t/ha) and Skarb (0.56 t/ha). The ability of nodule bacteria M. ciceri ND-64 to intensive synthesis of phytohormones and the formation of highly effective symbiosis with chickpea plants of different varieties provided a complementary interaction of rhizobia with plants and a significant increase in crop yield. Conclusion: Due to the interaction with aboriginal nodule bacteria, the highest parameters of nodulation and nitrogenase activity were typical for the varieties Triumf and Skarb, yields for Triumf and Budzhak. Screening of varieties by the response to inoculation with an effective strain of M. ciceri ND-64 indicates an increase in symbiotic activity in varieties Triumf, Budzhak (large-seeded), Pamiat (medium-seeded). The maximum increase in yield as a result of inoculation was found in chickpea varieties Skarb and Triumf. M. ciceri ND-64 are capable of active synthesis of substances of phytohormonal nature, which contributes to the effective interaction between rhizobia and chickpea plants.

INFLUENCE OF EXOMETABOLITES OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF CULTURAL PLANTS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PATHOGENIC MICROMYCETES BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA AND ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA

Objective. To establish the influence of exometabolites of winter wheat plants of Podolianka, Natalka, Skagen, Mulan varieties and oats of Skarb Ukrainy, Svitanok, Tembr varieties on the growth and development of Bipolaris sorokiniana micromycete, as well as the influence of onion of Tkachenkivska, Mavka, Veselka, Liubchyk, Variah, Harmonia varieties on the growth and development of the micromycete Alternaria alternata. Methods. Mycological, phytopathological, phytoimmunological. Results. Two hundred isolates of pathogenic micromycetes were isolated from the seeds of the studied crops of different varieties. The most common microbiota were: Bipolaris sorokiniana, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria infectoria, Stemphylium vesicarium, Curvularia inaequalis. The highest incidence on wheat and oat seeds (over 80 %) was reported for B. sorokiniana, on onion seeds — for A. alternata. It was found that exometabolites of plants of different varieties can both inhibit and stimulate the rate of radial growth of mycelium of B. sorokiniana and A. alternata. It was proved that exometabolites of plants of wheat, oats, onion can significantly affect the reproductive capacity of the studied micromycetes, which reduced the number of spores per 1 cm2 of colony area almost 1.2–2.5 times compared to the control. This indicates that exometabolites of plants are characterized by fungicidal properties, which are due to a complex of biologically active substances that can inhibit the intensity of sporulation of B. sorokiniana and A. alternate. Conclusion. The antifungal property of root exometabolites of plants of the studied varieties significantly depends on the genotype of the variety. Therefore, an important timely task is to identify environmentally stable and flexible varieties that are characterized by group resistance to pathogens of fungal origin, as well as the search for mechanisms of action of fungicidal natural origin.

Influence of Philazonit biopreparation on the mycobiome of soybean plants rhizosphere

The article presents the results of analysis of biodiversity and spatial-functional structure of the microbial complex in the soil rhizosphere, and development of ways to regulate the number of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere of soybean plants in organic production. Varieties of plants of soy were grown using the biopreparation "Philazonit", which was developed in the company "Philazonit of Ukraine". The study determined the effect of phylazonite biopreparation on the mycobiome of the rhizosphere of soybean plants. The interaction of plants of soy varieties Kent and Suzir’ja with phytopathogenic micromycetes in conditions of the organic production in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Research farm “Skvyrske” of Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (IANM of the NAAS) was investigated. The number of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere of plants of different varieties of soy is determined depending on the variety and technology of its cultivation. It was established that the biopreparation Philazonit inhibits the formation of the number of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere of plants of the soy variety Suzir’ja and Kent during the growing season. It is proved that the representatives of genera: Alternaria, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus are dominated in the rhizosphere of plants of soy of both varieties. In the rhizospheres of plants of the soy Suzir’ja variety the representatives of genus Penicillium (32.8%) most often occurred. The smallest number of micromycetes were members of the genus Aspergillus (9.5%). In the rhizosphere of plants of the Kent variety dominated by representatives of the genera Alternaria and Fusarium (35.6% and 34.1% respectively). Representatives of the genus Penicillium were 15% and Aspergillus – 15.3% It is proved noted that during the studies there was a correlation between the development of micromycetes and the hydrothermal coefficient – in the flowering phase (r=0.8) and in the ripening phase (r =0.9) except for the germination phase

Identification of the optimal density of the cucumber plants of different varieties in the Left Bank Forst Stepp of Ukraine

The results of the research of the cucumber plants desity of Konkurent, Beregvoy, Feniks – 640, Dzherelo varieties are represented in the article. The plants wore graun in open sail conditions of the Left-Band Forest – Steppe of Ukraine with the intertihlage width of 1,4 m. The researches were conducted in 1997-2015 at the Fruit and vegetable grawing and Storage Chair of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named affer V. V. Dokuchayiv. The results of the research witness that the optimal plant density for the cucumber of Konkurent and Beregvoy varieties is 90 -100 pieces per hectar. For Feniks – 640 variety the lensity is 80 – 90 thausands pieces per hectar. It is necessary to treat the plants of Dzherelo varieties with density of 100 – 110 thausands pieces per hectar. Key words : cucumber, variety, density, Konkurent, Beregvoy, Feniks – 640, Dzherelo, crop productivity, phenological obserwation

Change in potato productivity under the impact of viral diseases

In 2014-2019 as part of comprehensive tests of the antiviral activity of a number of products in the field, a comparative assessment of the productivity of healthy potato plants and generations of plants of different varieties previously artificially inoculated with phytopathogenic viruses Y, S, M was carried out. During the testing period, in small-plot field experiments on a site at the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev Plant Protection Station (Moscow), the yield of the Ilyinsky plants infected Potato virus M decreased on average by 48,8%, of the Red Scarlet plants infected with Potato virus Y - by 54,9%, of the Adretta plants infected with Potato virus S - by 52,3%. In 2016 under the production conditions of Lipetsk region the yield loss of the potato variety Ramos was 31,8%, and in the Astrakhan region the yield of the potato variety Impala decreased by 36%. The effect of viruses on the content of photosynthetic pigments in infected plants was studied. In comparison with healthy plants the percentage of total chlorophyll in the wet weight of the leaves of the Ilyinsky plants decreased by 23,2%, of the Red Scarlet plants - by 19,7%, of the Adretta plants - by 15,8%. Varietal differences were revealed in the changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tubers, starch and dry matter content from various viral pathogens.

Features of the morphological structure of plants and biochemical properties of introduced and domestic varieties of Cannabis sativa L.

Purpose. Identifying the features of the seasonal growth rhythm, development of the plants, morphological and biological differences in monoecious introduced and domestic varieties of Cannabis sativa L. in the North-east region of Ukraine.Methods. The research was conducted from 2014 till 2019. The following research methods were employed: field (phenological observations, sampling for laboratory analysis), microscopic (study of the morphological structure of glandular and cystolithic hairs on vegetative and generative organs, determination of the size and density of hair formation), laboratory and analytical (determination of the content of cannabinoid substances by thin layer and gas-liquid chromatography), biomorphological me­thods (analysis of morphological characteristics of plants). Chemical analysis for the content of cannabinoid substan­ces was carried out in the laboratory of the breeding and seed production department of the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS of Ukraine (Glukhiv, 2014–2019). The content of neutral substances [cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)] and acids (CBDA, THCA) was determined by using a thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) methods. For the study, 11 monoecious varieties of C. sativa: ‘YuSO 1’, ‘YuSO 31’, ‘Hliana’, ‘Viktoriia’, ‘Hlesiia’, ‘Hlukhivskyi 46’, ‘Hlukhivski 51’, ‘Zoloto­niski 15’ and 3 introduced varieties: ‘Fedora 17’, ‘Felina 32’, ‘Futura 77’ (France) which differed among themselves in morphological, biological, genetic, ecological-geographical and economically valuable characteristics were selected.Results. Biological and morphological characteristics of modern monoecious varieties of C. sativa were investigated depending on the ecological and geographical zones of origin, conditions of the growing season and the stage of ontogenesis. The functional interdependence between the formation of specialized excretory structures and the content of cannabinoid substances in plants of different varieties of C. sa­tiva was revealed. The following promising varieties of C. sativa in a ration of ((THC + CBN) ≤ CBD) point the possibility to use them as the source material for creating the medicinal varie­ties of plants with a high content of CBD.Conclusions. Nowadays C. sativa is the main source of phyto material for industrial production of natural CBD. In recent years, high-yielding varieties of C. sativa have been created, which, together with high commercially valuable traits, did not contain psychoactive THC and had an insignificant amount of CBD. The results of the research indicated the features of the seasonal growth rhythm, development of the plants and the morphological and biological features of modern monoecious introduced and domestic varieties of C. sativa in the North-east region of Ukraine. The low correlation between the content of cannabinoid substances and their acids in varieties, which are cha­racterized by the low content of cannabinoid compounds was established. According to the developed own classification (THC + KBN): CBD, varieties with a predominant CBD content ‘Hlukhivskyi 46’, ‘Zolotoniski 15’, ‘Hliana’ which are of significant medicinal value were identified.