Abstract
The article presents the results of analysis of biodiversity and spatial-functional structure of the microbial complex in the soil rhizosphere, and development of ways to regulate the number of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere of soybean plants in organic production. Varieties of plants of soy were grown using the biopreparation "Philazonit", which was developed in the company "Philazonit of Ukraine". The study determined the effect of phylazonite biopreparation on the mycobiome of the rhizosphere of soybean plants. The interaction of plants of soy varieties Kent and Suzir’ja with phytopathogenic micromycetes in conditions of the organic production in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Research farm “Skvyrske” of Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (IANM of the NAAS) was investigated. The number of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere of plants of different varieties of soy is determined depending on the variety and technology of its cultivation. It was established that the biopreparation Philazonit inhibits the formation of the number of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere of plants of the soy variety Suzir’ja and Kent during the growing season. It is proved that the representatives of genera: Alternaria, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus are dominated in the rhizosphere of plants of soy of both varieties. In the rhizospheres of plants of the soy Suzir’ja variety the representatives of genus Penicillium (32.8%) most often occurred. The smallest number of micromycetes were members of the genus Aspergillus (9.5%). In the rhizosphere of plants of the Kent variety dominated by representatives of the genera Alternaria and Fusarium (35.6% and 34.1% respectively). Representatives of the genus Penicillium were 15% and Aspergillus – 15.3% It is proved noted that during the studies there was a correlation between the development of micromycetes and the hydrothermal coefficient – in the flowering phase (r=0.8) and in the ripening phase (r =0.9) except for the germination phase
Highlights
Fertile land and favorable climate determined the rapid spread of production of soy in Ukraine
There is a growing of the mass accumulation of phytopathogenic microorganisms in the agrocenoses of soy, among which genera: Fusarium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Aspergillus are dominated [1,2,3]
They lead to the development of harm-causing diseases of soybean plants during the growing season and can intensively inhabit the seed material
Summary
Fertile land and favorable climate determined the rapid spread of production of soy in Ukraine. There is a growing of the mass accumulation of phytopathogenic microorganisms in the agrocenoses of soy, among which genera: Fusarium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Aspergillus are dominated [1,2,3] They lead to the development of harm-causing diseases of soybean plants during the growing season and can intensively inhabit the seed material. This causes a deterioration in the quality of the crop by reducing the indicators of protein and fat contents [4]. They can damage of the various organs of plants, animals, fungi and are toxic to humans
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