Abstract
A large number of Fusarium species are capable of synthesizing mycotoxins, which lead to reduced yields and grain quality, as well as food quality, which adversely affects human and animal health. Representatives of the genus Fusarium gradually reduce the expression of genes that encode proteins for the synthesis of starch and sucrose in grain cells. During glycolysis, glucose accumulated in the grain is converted into simple components, which are an energy source for phytopathogens and can contribute to the spread of infection in the plant. Soybean of Suzirya variety — (selection of the National Science Center of the Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine) and soybean of Kent variety — (SAATBAULINZ selection in Austria) were grown under organic production in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (IAP NAAS Squirrel Research Station). The results of the influence of exometabolites of plants of soybean of Suzirya and Kent varieties and the technologies of their cultivation on the rate of radial growth of the mycelium of the isolates of the fungus F. graminearum are presented. Exometabolites of plants of different soybean varieties have been foundto reduce or increase the rate of radial growth of the mycelium depending on the technology of plant cultivation. It has been investigated that the highest antifungal action on the rate of radial growth of the F. graminearum mushroom colonies is characterized by exometabolites isolated from the constellations of soybean constellation grown under the action of: Proteger and Rokolta. It is revealed that the highest antifungal activity among exometabolites of Kent soybean plants with respect to the rate of radial growth of the mycelium of the fungus F. graminearum is characterized by exometabolites grown by BTU technology. It is established that the influence of exometabolites of plants of different soybean varieties and technologies of their cultivation significantly influence the physiological and biochemical properties of the phytopathogenic and mycotoxic fungus F. graminearum.
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