Сезонний ритм розвитку рослин актинідії (Actinidia arguta) в умовах Північного Степу Причорномор’я

Abstract

The relevance of research on actinidia plants, which is a non-traditional uncommon fruit crop for Ukraine, is highlighted. In the conditions of introduction of the northern steppe of the Black Sea coast as a result of experimental researches dates of passing of phenological phases of two forms - female and male French selection are established. Female plants begin flowering 7 days earlier than males and bloom three days longer, regardless of the type of maturity. It was found that the biological maturity of actinidia fruits begins in the second decade of September (early - in the first), their full maturity was recorded in the late second to early third decade of September. The duration of the vegetation period of plants of different varieties and forms in the 2020 season was 229-236 days, in 2021 221-232 days, which indicates a direct dependence of plant growth and development on weather conditions. In terms of varieties, plants of medium type of development formed a yield higher than the early by 4464 g on average for two years of research. Assessment of resistance to pests and diseases in the 2020-2021 seasons showed that these objects are absent on actinidia plants, which is probably due to their absence in the new environment. The decrease in air temperature to -2… -5 oC at night in 2020 led to the freezing of young shoots and flower buds in plants of both forms. As a result, the fruit harvest was much lower than next year - 2021. For the successful cultivation of actinidia in the conditions studied, developed agronomic recommendations for the prevention of damage by low temperatures. The conclusion is made about carrying out selection works on creation of new grades of this culture, with a high level of plasticity and resistance to frosts during the growing season.