Different Types Of Operations Research Articles

Surgery in Buddhist Era

Specialty of surgery was quite popular in the Buddhist era, and it evolved up to an extent. Various known and unknown physicians (chikitsaks) performed different types of operations to cure different surgical diseases. Jivaka was a pioneer surgeon of that time who performed different operations including surgery of brain. As many as 11 types of diseases were known to be treated surgically with the help of a diverse assortment of 71–120 specifically designed instruments, grouped according to their nature and use. The concept of pre-operative evaluation, explanation, treatment, and post-operative care is also evident in Pali literature. It seems that family members were also allowed to watch surgeries during this era.

The Proto-Lorenz System in Its Chaotic Fractional and Fractal Structure

It is not common in applied sciences to realize simulations which depict fractal representation in attractors’ dynamics, the reason being a combination of many factors including the nature of the phenomenon that is described and the type of differential operator used in the system. In this work, we use the fractal-fractional derivative with a fractional order to analyze the modified proto-Lorenz system that is usually characterized by chaotic attractors with many scrolls. The fractal-fractional operator used in this paper is a combination of fractal process and fractional differentiation, which is a relatively new concept with most of the properties and features still to be known. We start by summarizing the basic notions related to the fractal-fractional operator. After that, we enumerate the main points related to the establishment of proto-Lorenz system’s equations, leading to the [Formula: see text]th cover of the proto-Lorenz system that contains [Formula: see text] scrolls ([Formula: see text]). The triple and quadric cover of the resulting fractal and fractional proto-Lorenz system are solved using the Haar wavelet methods and numerical simulations are performed. Due to the impact of the fractal-fractional operator, the system is able to maintain its chaotic state of attractor with many scrolls. Additionally, such attractor can self-replicate in a fractal process as the derivative order changes. This result reveals another great feature of the fractal-fractional derivative with fractional order.

Investigation of Surface Roughness and Resulting Cutting Force for Dry Turning Operation of Different Types of Material Using CVD Coating Carbide Tool

In this paper, dry turning operation was carried out on four types of workpiece materials SCM420, SCM420H, SCM440 and SM45C in order to review the effect of cutting parameters on surface roughness (Ra) and resulting cutting force (F). The turning operation was conducted on the NC lathe with the CVD coated carbide inserts. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression model and main effect plot for mean were employed to investigate the correlation between responses (Ra and F) and cutting parameters. The predictive equations showed a satisfactory correlation with high coefficients of determination (R2) from 80.76 to 98.89%. The lowest feed rate and highest spindle speed were applied to minimize surface roughness, but both were performed at level 1 to minimize the resulting cutting force. The optimal experimental conditions showed the brilliant results as the surface roughness 1 μm and resulting cutting force 39.92 N. The SCM440 steel indicated the best surface roughness responses followed by SCM420, SCM420H and SM45C steel. The SCM440 steel revealed the lowest resulting cutting force followed by SCM420, SM45C and SCM420H steel.

The interconnectedness between efforts to reduce the risk related to accidents and attacks - naval examples

Fatalities on board military vessels are the result of different types of incidents, including both accidents and antagonistic attacks. The aim of this study is to identify aspects that determine the safety and operability of military vessels from a sociotechnical perspective. Safety is studied in relation to four different types of operations: the Falklands War in 1982, antagonistic attacks in situations other than war from 2000 to 2012, submarine incidents from 2000 to 2015, and severe accidents involving military vessels in Norway and Sweden from 1990 to 2015. For the incidents analyzed, the study identifies qualitative aspects that contributed to the outcome and consequences of the incident and, if possible, the risk level. The importance of organizational and management safety issues, personnel safety issues and design safety issues are analyzed. The study shows that different operational types have different risk levels but, to some extent, the same types of safety issues. In general, risk is high when the ship is not prepared and managed for war; the recoverability, i.e., the ability to limit consequences, is an important safety factor in all of the operational types studied. The probability of an incident occurring is governed by management decisions, and the recoverability is governed by the capacity for effective crew actions despite limited management. The presence of external threats leads to a need for extra levels of system understanding, for management and for personnel.

Symptom analysis of multidimensional categorical data with applications

The linear combinations of dichotomous variables over the field F_2, which are called symptoms, form the projective space from which it is possible select the more informative subspaces for reducing the dimensionality of binary data. In this article, the symptom space expands to the super-symptom space. The super-symptom means a linear combination of various multiplications of k dichotomous variables over a field of characteristic 2 without repeating. In algebra, such functions are called Zhegalkin polynomials or algebraic normal forms. It is known that each logical function can be represented in the form of a Zhegalkin polynomial in a unique way, therefore using them to iterate one can find a logical function to best describe a risk group. The search algorithm of a more informative super-symptom for classification is based on the superposition of impulse sequences with different types of operations: first multiplication and then addition over the F_2 field. Also the super-symptom analysis is a convenient method for a study of the correlation between two sets of categorical variables. This method was applied to identify the most severe forms of the disease by combining hormonal, immunological and genetic tests in patients with breast cancer (data from Cancer Oncology Hospital in Medicine City in Baghdad) and to identify genetic risk factors by patients with alcohol dependence syndrome, receiving alcohol dependence therapy (St.Petersburg V.M. Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute).

Combined Optic-Acoustic Monitoring of Combustion in a Gas Turbine

The need for better combustion monitoring in gas turbines has become more acute with the latest technical requirements, standards, and policies in terms of safety, environment, efficiency, operation flexibility, and operation costs. Combustion Bay One e.U. and FH JOANNEUM GmbH initiated in 2015 an experimental research program about the feasibility and first assessments of placing optical systems near the combustor. The project’s acronym “emootion” stands for “Engine health MOnitOring and refined combusTION control based on optical diagnostic techniques embedded in the combustor”. The motivation of the project is twofold. On one side, one wants to exploit the radiative feature of the flame and to transform it into a piece of reliable information about the combustion status. On the other side, this information can be useful in terms of data interpretation or data reconciliation with other information coming from other sensors such as temperature probes, fast pressure probes, or accelerometers. The focus is put on several aspects of combustor operations: on detection of the flame, on monitoring of the ignition process, on a quality assessment of combustion based on its spectral contents (including soot formation), and on the detection of possible combustion instabilities. Promising results were obtained using photodiodes that offer an adequate trade-off between narrow-band sensitivity and signal time response. It is shown that it is convenient to combine a fast-pressure sensor with an optical sensor in a compact form; this combination has led to the so-called Rayleigh Criterion Probe (RCP). The split in red, green, and blue (RGB) light components and their further analysis allows for mapping the different types of operation. Regarding the probe packaging aspect, it is discussed that the level of light collection needed to keep an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio has been so far a restraint for the use of optical fibres. Solutions are proposed to bring the optical sensor as close as possible to the optical interface and to make it operational and reliable in prevailing heat. This contribution closes with a description of the pressure tests in a new combustion facility built for this purpose. A compact and portable combustion monitoring system including at least 3 RCPs can become an instrumentation standard within the next decade.

ACortex: An Energy-Efficient Multipurpose Mixed-Signal Inference Accelerator

We introduce “aCortex,” an extremely energy-efficient, fast, compact, and versatile neuromorphic processor architecture suitable for the acceleration of a wide range of neural network inference models. The most important feature of our processor is a configurable mixed-signal computing array of vector-by-matrix multiplier (VMM) blocks utilizing embedded nonvolatile memory arrays for storing weight matrices. Analog peripheral circuitry for data conversion and high-voltage programming are shared among a large array of VMM blocks to facilitate compact and energy-efficient analog-domain VMM operation of different types of neural network layers. Other unique features of aCortex include configurable chain of buffers and data buses, simple and efficient instruction set architecture and its corresponding multiagent controller, programmable quantization range, and a customized refresh-free embedded dynamic random access memory. The energy-optimal aCortex with 4-bit analog computing precision was designed in a 55-nm process with embedded NOR flash memory. Its physical performance was evaluated using experimental data from testing individual circuit elements and physical layout of key components for several common benchmarks, namely, Inception-v1 and ResNet-152, two state-of-the-art deep feedforward networks for image classification, and GNTM, Google’s deep recurrent network for language translation. The system-level simulation results for these benchmarks show the energy efficiency of 97, 106, and 336 TOp/J, respectively, combined with up to 15 TOp/s computing throughput and 0.27-MB/mm2 storage efficiency. Such estimated performance results compare favorably with those of previously reported mixed-signal accelerators based on much less mature aggressively scaled resistive switching memories.

Traceability of printed circuit board assemblies using embedded electronic components

Modern electronic industry requires simultaneous monitoring of electronic devices from their production, usage, up to their recycling. Therefore, the traceability system is becoming more and more popular in this modern electronic industry. In this study, such a system working in the ultra-high frequency range was demonstrated. A functional part of the system (sensor) was produced using different technologies that aim to embed chips inside printed circuit boards. The sensors were examined under changing temperature conditions. The achieved results showed that the laminated sensors were more resistant to temperature cycles, although some voids were observed in their structures, which may influence their mechanical properties. All the tested samples remained fully functional after 500 temperature cycles (−40°C to +105°C). The values of the received signal strength indicator measured before and after the temperature exposure did not reveal significant differences. Bearing this in mind, it can be stated that the proposed system can be successfully used in the electronic industry to monitor the operation of different types of devices.

Rationale and frequency of the diagnosis of component parts of tractors Belarus in the development of technology maintenance

The article presents the solution of a new scientific and technical problem of substantiating the frequency of diagnosis and the composition of control and diagnostic operations performed during maintenance of machines based on Belarus-82.1. The methodology of justification of the specified parameters of technological processes of maintenance service takes into account the probability of failures in control periods and provides for increased reliability of cars. It is proved that manufacturers in some cases unreasonably increase the frequency of maintenance for advertising purposes. Experimentally determined parameters of the distribution laws of time between failures of component parts of machinery on the basis of the Belarus-82.1. The new dependence of the probability of the failure of the operating time of machines on existing and recommended strategies ensures their efficiency at all the intervals of achievements. The composition of control and maintenance operations for different types of maintenance is justified not only for warranty period and for the entire service life of the machine. The practical use of the research results presented in the article can significantly improve the reliability of equipment with a slight increase in the cost of maintenance.

Triple solutions for nonlinear elliptic problems driven by a non-homogeneous operator

Some multiplicity results for a parametric nonlinear Dirichlet problem involving a nonhomogeneous differential operator of p-Laplacian type are given. Via variational methods, the article furnishes new contributions and completes some previous results obtained for problems considering other types of differential operators and/or nonlinear terms satisfying different asymptotic conditions.

Globally Controlled Robot using IoT

Nowadays, robots in military have become an alternative to human soldiers. Theses robots are in a position to handle different types of operations. They should be able work in different situations and areas. This paper presents the development of a robot with sensors, surveillance camera and a microcontroller. The main purpose of the robot is to prevent the terrorist attack throughout the world by monitoring and controlling of mobile robot via internet. An Arduino microcontroller board has been use of for this. The control and monitoring of robot is through an application, connected to web page. The Camera connected to the robot acts as the eye and the PIR sensor will detect the person or object that enters into the surveillance area. Whenever a suspicious person or object is found, an alarm would be generated and sent to defined authorities. These robot can be controlled from anywhere in the world by using IOT.

Applying the Forchheimer equation to model an artificially recharged fractured aquifer

In the last decades artificial recharge has attracted the attention of many countries where groundwater has been depleted or as a means of enhancing aquifer recharge where natural recharge is being severely affected by climate change. In this work, mathematical models depicting the flow of water within a fractured aquifer with permeable and impermeable rock matrices were considered to depict the flow of water within an artificially recharged aquifer. Using two different types of differential operators, two models were suggested. A model based on the classical differentiation, which does not consider the heterogeneity of the geological formation. A model based on nonlocal differential operator, which is able to include into mathematical formulation the effect of long-range dependency expressing the memory. For the classical case, the Laplace transform operator was used to derive the exact solution. For the nonlocal case, new numerical methods including Adams-Bashforth and Atangana-Seda scheme were used to provide approximate solutions. For each numerical scheme stability and convergence analysis were presented with numerical simulation for different values of fractional order.

Order fulfilment problem with time windows and synchronisation arising in the online retailing

In this paper, we study the order fulfilment problem with time windows and synchronisation, which arises in the online retailing environment. Given customer orders released in the time window of decision, the online retailer needs to decide which fulfilment centre should fulfil customer orders, how to rigidly coordinate and synchronise operations of different types of vehicles, and how to deliver orders while meeting customers' service time windows, to minimise expenses of order fulfilment. We first introduce a mixed-integer linear programming model, which faces a significant computation burden. To that end, we develop a decomposition-based approach. We conduct extensive experiments to verify the effectiveness of our approach by comparing it with a commercial solver, and a greedy heuristic. We also present managerial insights regarding how our approach could reduce the order transfer operations at the distribution centres and thereby optimise the e-order fulfilment expenses.

A Study on the Improvement of Collection and Transport Processing of Local Government Living Wastes

과학기술의 발전은 언제나 새로운 쓰레기의 탄생과 연결되었다. 플라스틱, 비닐 같은 화학제품이 그 용도를 다하면 쓰레기로 전략하게 되는데, 2017년 우리나라의 쓰레기 매립은 하루 32,269톤1) 매립률은 일본의 4배, 독일의 37배에 해당한다. 환경부는 2027년 우리나라의 쓰레기 매립장은 포화상태가 되어 더 이상 쓰레기를 매립할 곳이 없을 것이라고 한다. 이렇게 발생한 쓰레기의 수집 운반에 관한 업무는 지방자치단체의 사무에 해당하여 현재 직영이나 위탁을 통하여 처리되고 있다. 하지만 생활폐기물 수집 운반 대행계약에 관한 원가산정을 각 지방자치단체의 용역에 의하여 정해지고 있고, 중앙정부 차원의 전국적으로 통일할 수 있는 기준이 없다보니 각 지방자치단체별로 원가가 천차만별이고, 과대계산되는 등 효율성이 의심되는 경우가 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 다음과 같은 개선방안을 제안하고자 한다. 첫째, 하나의 지방자치단체도 구역별 다른 운영형태를 시행하여 서로의 장단점을 계속 하여 비교 보완해 나갈 수 있도록 하고, 둘째, 생활폐기물 처리업체가 독점적 지위에 있지 않도록 환경부가 전국 공통으로 적용할 수 있는 평가기준과 방법을 마련하고, 셋째, 지역별 수거시간을 탄력적으로 운영 및 종량제봉투의 규격을 부피뿐만 아니라 무게도 고려하도록 한다. 마지막으로 기본급 산정을 위하여 대한건설협회의 시중노임단가가 아닌 환경부 자체적으로 노임단가를 마련하고, 생활폐기물 수집 운반 대행 계약을 위한 원가계산 산정방법에 관한 규정 중 간접노무비의 정액지원을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 통해 지방자치단체의 환경분야에 대한 사무위탁의 효율성과 전문성 그리고 경제성을 제고하는 길을 모색하고자 한다.Advances in technology have always been linked to the birth of new waste. Chemical products such as plastics and vinyl will be strategic as garbage when they are used up, with the nation’s landfill being 322,269 tons per day, the nation’s waste generation and treatment status, and the 2017 landfill rate being four times that of Japan and 37 times that of Germany. The Ministry of Environment said the nation s landfill will be saturated in 2027, with no more places to reclaim waste. The collection and transport of such waste is currently handled through direct operation or consignment of local governments. However, since the cost calculation for the substitute contract for collecting and transporting household waste is defined by the services of each local government, and there is no standard for national unification at the central government level, there have been cases in which the costs of each local government are varied and over-calculated, and thus efficiency is suspected. In this paper, we propose the following improvement measures. First, a single local government should implement different types of operation by region so that it can continue to compare and supplement each other s merits and demerits, and second, the Ministry of Environment should prepare assessment standards and methods that can be applied in common nationwide so that the waste disposal companies are not in an exclusive position, and third, the standards of the collection time by region should be flexibly operated, as well as the defect of the weight of the envelope. Finally, for basic wage calculation, the Ministry of Environment, rather than the Construction Association’s commercial labor unit price, shall prepare the labor cost of the environment itself, and propose providing a fixed amount support for indirect labor costs among the provisions on the cost calculation method for the contract to collect and transport household waste. Through this, the government intends to seek ways to enhance the efficiency, expertise and economy of office consignment to the environmental sector of local governments.

Perceived Quality of Bus Transit Services: A Route-Level Analysis

Passengers’ perceptions of transit quality depend on their interactions with the service. However, given the varied operational features in any transit network, the perceived service quality is expected to vary between different types of operation. Recently, there has been an emphasis on addressing this issue and quantifying the variation in the perceived service quality at route level. In this respect, this study quantifies the perceived quality of bus services across different route types and user groups. A two-step cluster analysis is developed to classify bus routes based on their operational features, which is followed by a series of importance-performance analysis (IPA) models corresponding to each route type. The study is supported by a primary dataset collected from 1,883 users through an online survey in Hamilton, Canada. The emerging results indicate four predominant route types: core, standard, express, and local routes, each exhibiting a unique set of characteristics. The IPA models show an apparent variation in the perceived service quality from each route-type. In addition, there are clear indications of differential perception between passengers who use the service very frequently and other less frequent users. These results call for the consideration of variations in route level and user type in informing service quality improvements.

Power Planning Algorithm Considering the Operating Strategy of a Power Sales Company under the Background of New Electricity Reform

With the introduction of the open electricity sales side in the new power reform, more and more power sales companies have joined the competition on the power sales side, and various power sales companies have been defined as different names due to different resources used. In view of the problem of power supply planning under the background of new power system reform, this paper firstly models the operation of different types of power sales companies, and designs the power planning algorithm considering the impact of the sales company, and then analyzes its operation for load forecasting and power planning. The impact is finally calculated by simulation to calculate the amount of peak reduction in load forecasting and power planning capacity.

Energy from nuclear fission

The physics of nuclear fission will be briefly illustrated, from the basic mechanism behind this phenomenon to the relevant physical quantities like nuclear cross sections, neutron flux and reaction products, together with the accompanying phenomenon of neutron capture and its role in determining how the fuel transforms in a nuclear reactor. The basic concepts underlying the operation of different types of nuclear reactors will be illustrated, along with the concept of fuel cycle. After touching on the aspect of safety, the current situation of nuclear power in the world, with its costs, its role in reducing carbon emissions, the available resources and finally the issues of waste management and accidents will be briefly illustrated.

Identifying treatment schemes for fruit and vegetable wash-water.

The fresh-cut fruit and vegetable sector continues to expand as consumers are looking for fresh yet convenient ready-to-eat foods. The driving force behind this increase is the many health benefits that researchers continue to report for fruits and vegetables. Investigations have shown that the processing of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables generates about 5 L of wastewater (wash-water) per kg of produce, whether it is fruit, leafy greens or root vegetables. This wash-water requires treatment prior to disposal or recycling. Generic water treatment units are too expensive for most small to medium sized operations, which require more affordable technologies. Even though there are a variety of treatment technologies available, the challenge for producers and regulators is that the selection of the appropriate treatment technology is difficult, and tools are needed to help make the decisions. Data for the research was collected by collecting samples from two different types of operation, washing and washing and processing. Various bench scale treatment processes where then tested, including settling, coagulation and flocculation with settling, centrifuge, dissolved air flotation, electrocoagulation, screening and hydrocyclone. The decisions tools developed decision matrices to summarize the removal effectiveness of the different treatments for typical wastewater parameters and serve as a reference tool in understanding wash-water treatment technologies and their effectiveness in treating various wash-waters. The data was then further analyzed to develop predictive correlations for raw wash-waters, followed by the development of models that identified which treatment process worked best for the type of wash-water being handled. Combining the decision matrices, correlations, and models also show the potential for water reuse. For example, wash-water high in suspended solids can be treated by electrocoagulation and settling. The tools provide information that growers, government and consultants can use in determining treatment options that were not previously available or studied in literature.

Dissipative canonical type differential operators for first order

In this paper, using the Calkin-Gorbachuk method, the general form of all maximally dissipative extensions of the minimal operator generated by the first order linear symmetric canonical type quasi-differential expression in the weighted Hilbert space of vector functions has been found. Also, the spectrum set of these extensions has been investigated.

Joker: Elastic stream processing with organic adaptation

This paper addresses the problem of auto-parallelization of streaming applications. We propose an online parallelization optimization algorithm that adjusts the degree of pipeline and data parallelism in a joint manner. We define an operator development API and a flexible parallel execution model to form a basis for the optimization algorithm. The operator interface unifies the development of different types of operators and makes operator properties visible in order to enable safe optimizations. The parallel execution model splits a data flow graph into regions. A region contains the longest sequence of compatible operators that are amenable to data parallelism as a whole and can be further parallelized with pipeline parallelism. We also develop a stream processing run-time, named Joker, to scale the execution of streaming applications in a safe, transparent, dynamic, and automatic manner. This ability is called organic adaptation. Joker implements the runtime machinery to execute a data flow graph with any parallelization configuration and most importantly change this configuration at run-time with low cost in the presence of partitioned stateful operators, in a way that is transparent to the application developers. Joker continuously monitors the run-time performance, and runs the optimization algorithm to resolve bottlenecks and scale the application by adjusting the degree of pipeline and data parallelism. The experimental evaluation based on micro-benchmarks and real-world applications showcase that our solution accomplishes elasticity by finding an effective parallelization configuration.