Different Types Of Families Research Articles

Life and Family Values Similarity in Inter-Ethnic and Inter-Faith Couples.

Inter-cultural families are an integral part of modern society, the institution of mutual influence of different cultures, of a person’s identity transformation. The studies of marital adjustment, values, and attitudes consistency in inter-cultural couples provide contradictory results. To resolve contradictions in this area, comparative studies of inter-cultural families of different types are important. The aim of the study is the comparative analysis of life and family values in inter-cultural couples, differing by the ethnic and religious affiliation of spouses. The participants: 69 couples: 20 mono-ethnic Russian, 30—inter-ethnic, inter-faith (Russians/Arabs); 19—inter-ethnic, with a common religion (Russian/Transcaucasian, Christians). The methods: Value Survey (Schwartz), Marital Role Expectations and Aspirations (Volkova), Marital Satisfaction Test (Stolin et al.), Mann–Whitney U-test, paired T-test. In inter-cultural couples, the spouses’ life-values coincidence is significantly less strong than in mono-cultural ones. However, in couples with common religious differences, their life values reflect not so much the contradictions, but the complementarity of traditional gender values. In general, the different cultures of spouses (both ethnic and religious) optimizes the process of comparing values and family attitudes. Despite a number of difficulties, spouses from inter-cultural couples generally have more consistent ideas about their family life.

Prospects for Overcoming Reproduction of Social Inequality in Families of Different Types

This article discusses a number of reasons that are reproduced in family communication practices that determine the reproduction of social inequality in Russian society. This is an incomplete set of role interactions in single-parent families and gender asymmetry. The problem of an incomplete set of role interactions is partially overcome in extended families, and this should be taken into account in family policy. However, special attention should be paid to the gender factor, since it is the gender asymmetry that is the most important source of reducing resource opportunities for families of a certain type. It can be overcome in two ways: either through the strengthening of traditional family values, or through the gradual disintegration of gender practices in the context of the creation of a Scandinavian-style welfare state.

Parents’ use of number talk with young children: Comparing methods, family factors, activity contexts, and relations to math skills

Variability in children's early math skills may stem from differences in experienced math learning opportunities at home. Previous studies have quantified math-learning opportunities at home through engagement with math-related activities or exposure to number talk during parent-child conversations, but little is known about how specific activities relate to talk about math. The current study aims to explore how math activities and number talk occur at home and understand how these associations may vary across different types of families. Number talk was quantified for 97 parent-child dyads during in-lab and in-home play sessions. Results show that time spent in math-related activities during home observations was related to parent reports of math activities as well as parent number talk at home and in the lab. Interestingly, during non-math-related activities, we found that parents with higher education levels and parents of boys used more number talk than parents with lower education levels and parents of girls. During math-related activities, however, no such educational or gender differences were seen in number talk. These results highlight the importance of considering the contextual influences and constraints that affect children's opportunities for learning math, especially when designing interventions to increase math learning in families’ homes.

The characteristics of psychological well-being and manifestation of neurosis in preadolescence

The article presents the characteristics of psychological well-being and the manifestation of neurosis in preadolescence. The results show that most of preadolescents have a low and medium level of well-being. The characteristic of psychological well-being and the levels of neurosis at preadolescents from different types of family are investigated. Preadolescents from incomplete families and preadolescents from complete families are equally sensible for mental ill-being and for neuroses development.

LONGITUDINAL “BUDGETARY” RESEARCHES OF RURAL FAMILIES IN THE KURGAN REGION

The article considers the problems of the relationship between the time budgets and expenditures of the rural population of the Kurgan region for the post-Soviet period in a long time section (1989 - 2011) based on statistical and sociological methods. At present, the main trends in visits to service facilities by families of different types living in different rural settlements have changed little, but the role of large villages has increased significantly. Shops and post offices account for the largest share in the frequency of visits. In rural areas, the network of service enterprises (educational, medical and domestic) has significantly decreased; the share of trade services enterprises and, to a lesser extent, catering has multiply increased. The relationship between the accessibility of a number of service facilities and migration of the population from rural areas has been established (educational and transport services were the most important for villagers). The analysis shows that the working hours of villagers remained at the same level, but there were profound changes in the forms of ownership and management; The time spent on domestic affairs has decreased slightly. Unemployment in rural areas has increased significantly in recent years. The cash expenditure of villagers on food has increased markedly. Survey data show a very tangible "compression" of the rural socio-economic space, so the identification of priority clusters in the service sector is a real way to manage the shrinking rural space of the region. 121 rural local service sector clusters have been allocated in the territory of Kurgan region.

Perspectivas de la adopción homoparental en el Ecuador

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las perspectivas de adopción homoparental en Ecuador. La relevancia del estudio está relacionada con la homoparentalidad, que se asocia con valores de una nueva era, diversa e inclusiva; desde la reconsideración de posiciones científicas que conjeturaban la homosexualidad como una enfermedad o perversión en el debate académico legal, a pesar del reconocimiento de las diferentes tipos de familias. Se trabajó metodológicamente con una investigación documental-bibliográfica bajo las técnicas de análisis juridico, a partir de documentos y casos relacionados con el tema planteado. Los resultados permiten enfocar todos estos aspectos desde los valores axiológicos del Ecuador, planteando la dignidad humana como un bien superior en garantía constitucional.

Some Virtue Ethics Implications from Aristotelian and Confucian Perspectives on Family and Business

Not only individuals and firms, but also families engage in business as a social activity and this is true beyond the case of family businesses. Cultural differences in the way families are construed might influence the way they do business. There are different types of families, and among these are those described by Aristotelian and Confucian traditions, representing the West and the East respectively. The literature on virtue in business has been dominated by a Western—mainly Aristotelian—tradition (Ferrero and Sison in Bus Ethics Eur Rev 30(1): 8–24, 2014), neglecting the role of the family and focusing on the individual. In this paper, we seek to fill this gap by explaining differences and similarities in the normative evaluation of certain family-related business attitudes and practices, in light of Confucian and Aristotelian virtue ethics standards. After comparing the structure, organization and dynamics of Aristotelian and Confucian families, we shall draw some inferences regarding “virtuous” or excellent business practices—such as nepotism, bribery, gift-giving and guanxi and attitudes—on codified rules or written norms. For this analysis we shall make use of Aristotelian and Confucian ethical accounts as well as inputs from Family Science applied to organizations, which provides conceptual categories to compare the two traditions. Thus we hope to contribute not only to the comparative study of Aristotelian and Confucian virtue ethics in business, but also to the understanding of the distinctive role of families, raising cultural awareness for what may be considered virtuous business practices according to the Aristotelian and Confucian traditions.

Associations between family cohesion, adaptability, and functioning of patients with bipolar disorder with clinical syndromes in Hebei, China

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the symptoms of inpatients with bipolar disorder (BD) in different types of families, and to explore the correlations between family coherence, family adaptability, and family functioning among inpatients with BD.MethodsInpatients with BD in Hebei, China (n = 61; mean age = 33.85±10.54; 39 males) participated in this study. Participants’ symptoms were evaluated using the Bech–Rafaelsen Mania Scale (BRMS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at weeks 1, 4, and 8 after their admission to the hospital. Participants’ family type was assessed using the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale II–Chinese Version. Family functioning was assessed using Family Assessment Device.ResultsParticipants were classified into three family types: balanced (n = 13), mid-range (n = 28), and extreme (n = 20). BRMS scores improved over time in patients from all three family types. Improvement was slightly better with the balanced than the extreme family type. HDRS scores showed an improving trend over time, although this was not significant. Family coherence, adaptability, and functioning were mutually correlated.ConclusionThe family system and family functioning are important factors that clinicians should keep in mind when treating people with BD.

Maternidad subrogada y su impacto en el tema de la infertilidad

<p>La complejidad de la cultura ha propiciado diversas modificaciones en las relaciones humanas, las cuales conducen a la formación de diferentes tipos de familias. Los problemas de la reproducción humana se han convertido en un reto para la salud pública y para el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas enfocadas a resolverlos. La fertilización <em>in vitro</em> mediante inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (fiv icsi) es una técnica de reproducción asistida que se usa en la maternidad subrogada; ésta consiste en solicitar una madre portadora, quien no tendrá derechos de crianza y cuyo papel está circunscrito al desarrollo del nuevo ser intrauterino. Este proceso provee la oportunidad de ser padres a parejas o personas que no han logrado un embarazo exitoso. En el presente escrito, se abordan aspectos históricos de la maternidad subrogada, la epidemiología de los principales problemas reproductivos, la normatividad legal, así como consideraciones éticas que conlleva este proceso.</p>

Family as a socio-cultural factor in the development and implementation of the educational route for children

The article presents an analysis of the influence of the family on the development and implementation of the educational route of children. The relevance of the problematics is related to the need to improve the quality of personal and social human capital. The purpose of the research is the study educational ways of different types of families. The project can be divided into theoretical and empirical parts. It was established in the theoretical section that in modern sociology the resource approach is most relevant to research issues. According to his interpretation, the family is the strongest factor in the educational route of children. Among family resources, economic, educational, and cultural capital have the greatest impact on the educational route of children. Тhe empirical part of the project contains, students’ parents, school principals surveys, collection of biographical materials, analysis of documents, analysis of statistical data and the results of all-Russian representative researches. Longitudinal studies of the educational path have been realised by interviewing families of students and collecting parental diaries. The author provides an analysis of two educational routes of Russian children. One way is leaving after ninth grade and going to college. It has been established that the majority of parents of 9th grade graduates don’t have higher education and families don’t have a developed cultural resource. The choice of college is explained by the reluctance to take a unified state exam after 11th grade, the desire to get a specialized secondary education for free, defined professional choice. The second educational route studied in detail in the empirical part of the research is the child’s admission to a top-rated school which falls under one of the top 500 best schools in Russia. This is the most thought-out educational plan which is implemented by parents with high educational and cultural values. It has been established that the likelihood of studying at a top-rated school increases the leadership position and the high professional qualifications of the student’s father. The empirical prospect of the study is the search and analysis of other relevant educational routes offered by families to their children. The findings suggest the need to support high-ranking schools and help Russian families providing children with educational opportunities.

ЛИЧИНКИ РОДУ CHAOBORUS (INSECTA, DIPTERA) ВОДОЙМ ТА ВОДОТОКІВ ПОНИЗЗЯ ДНІПРА

The larvae of the two-winged insects of the Chaoboridae family are the thirdmost frequent indicator of the Diptera group in the water bodies of the lower reachesof the Dnieper. Although these larvae are not as massive as representatives of familiesChironomidae and Ceratopogonidae, they are a constant component of the aquaticfauna of this region. Despite this, systematic determination of the species compositionof this group of organisms and the study of their distribution in reservoirs andwatercourses of the lower reaches of the Dnieper was not carried out. Therefore, thepurpose of the work was to determine the species belonging to the family ofChaoboridae and to establish the indicators of their quantitative development andbiotope distribution in connection with the ecological characteristics of the waterobjects under study.The researches of species composition and quantitative development indexes ofDiptera insects larvae of Chaoboridae family of different types of water bodies andwater courses of Lower Dnieper are provided. The researches have been conductedduring 2012 – 2017 at the following water objects: the Dnieper River, the ViryovchinaRiver, the Upper Chaika River, the Koshova River, Lake Sabetsky Liman, LakeKardashinsky Liman, Lake Stebliivsky Liman, Lake Krugle, Lake Zakitne, Lake Midne,Lake Lopukhy, Lake Rogozovate, Lake Skadovsk-Pogorile and the temporaryreservoirs. The study of larvae was conducted as a part of macrozoobenthos andzooplankton. It was found out that all larvae belong to the Chaoborus genus, and arepresented in two species: Ch. (Chaoborus) flavicans (Meigen, 1830) and Ch. (Ch.)crystallinus (De Geer, 1776). It was admitted that the habitats of each species areassociated with certain type of water objects along with its peculiar ecologicalconditions.During the course of hydrochemical analysis a certain discrepancy between thegrade of water purity and the saprobity index of Ch. flavicans larvae was found out.This may point to the necessity of revision of saprobity index for this species. Theabiotic conditions, where the Chaoboridae larvae are able to create populations withhigh numbers and biomass, were determined.Keywords: Chaoborus, Chaoboridae, Diptera, larvae, macrozoobenthos,zooplankton, lower Dnieper.

EMOTIONAL INTERACTION WITHIN A FAMILY AND TAKING OF IT INTO ACCOUNT IN THE SOCIAL WORK`S PROFESSION

The article analyzes scientific and theoretical literature of the problem of emotional interaction of the child with parents, which is important in the work of a social worker with different types of families. Our goal is to describe the content of the problem of family relationships and the upbringing of the child and study the microclimate of the family of children of junior school age in the work of a social worker. To study this phenomenon, we used a projective test. A detailed analysis of the indicators of intra-family relations was conducted: favorable family situation, anxiety and conflict, inferiority and hostility of the family. The obtained indicators give an opportunity to assess the extent of the child’s dissatisfaction with family relationships, which causes inadequate changes of his behavior. Such parents perceive their child negatively, as not fit and unsuccessful. It seems to them that a child will not succeed in life because of his poor ability and inability to control his emotions. Also, in the minority of respondents, a positive psychological climate of the family was found, which ensures the formation of positive arbitrariness of emotional regulation, behavior patterns and adaptation process in early school-age children. The main results of the research are described: in the majority of children there is a tendency towards negative social and psychological climate in the family. In a small number of children, the development of deviant behavior can be observed, therefore, in this case, the social worker needs assistance not only to the child but also to the parents. The obtained indicators reflect the system of complex stereotypes of family relationships that lay the foundations of the outlook and influence the emotional and personal development of a younger student.

Sibling configuration and the right to fail – parental and children’s own scholastic aspirations in different types of families

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to explore the life circumstances of singletons and first-born children, and the importance of the size of the sibling group, by focusing on scholastic aspirations, both on part of the children themselves, but also of their parents. The study used data collected with around 3650 children and their parents, and apart from information on the children’s and their parents’ explicit aspirations, there was also information on the children’s estimation of their parents’ aspirations. While only small differences in parental explicit aspirations were found, substantial differences were found with respect to the children’s own aspirations and their estimations of those of their parents. Only children were more likely to estimate high scholastic aspirations on part of their parents, as were first-borns with siblings. First- also tended to express higher scholastic aspirations themselves. Theoretically, strategic parenting and role specialization were used to explain the results.

The Impact of Family Social Network on Household Consumption

Based on the 2016 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper investigates the impact of China’s family social network on the total consumption level of residents and other three levels: survival consumption, enjoyable consumption and developmental consumption. The research shows: 1) Family social network has a significant effect on the consumption expenditure of residents, especially on the enjoyable consumption expenditure; 2) Social network can promote family consumption by alleviating the restriction of family mobility and demonstration effect; 3) The effects of social networks on consumption are different among different types of families. Compared with the eastern families, the social network of central and western families plays a more prominent role in promoting consumption expenditure. Families with lower income level reply heavily social network, and the effect of social network to stimulate consumption is more obvious.

The Evaluation of Household Heat Emissions in Residential Buildings

The estimation of household heat emissions in residential buildings, which are taken into account in a design of heating systems, was performed. Utilized calculation methods represented in regulatory documents were reviewed. The necessity of additional studies on sources, values and properties of indoor heat emissions in residential buildings’ flats was established. Heat gains from persons, hot water supply, electrical and cooking equipment were examined. Experimental researches of energy consumption’s actual structure in operated standardized residential houses equipped with electrical ovens and having average floor space per person of 19.2 m² were analyzed. The data on relative changes of average 24-hour specific electrical energy consumption during a year by household appliances in flats was obtained. Specific household heat emissions for different types of families in dependence to a flat’s floor space per person were determined.

Allowing Consumers to Bundle Themselves: The Profitability of Family Plans

Telecommunications service is an important and growing market, with worldwide revenue exceeding $2.2 trillion in 2016. In the U.S. market, the total number of mobile wireless connections has grown from 279.6 million in 2008 to 396 million in 2016. All the firms in this market offer consumers an option of purchasing either an individual plan or a family plan. Whereas a menu of individual plans can be thought of as a means to segment the market, the theoretical challenge is to understand how a firm stands to benefit from adding family plans to its product mix. In this paper, we use a game-theoretic framework to explore the role of family plans. Interestingly, we find that even when a family plan does not draw in any new consumers, a firm can still benefit from offering these plans. This occurs primarily because a family plan enables the firm to price discriminate more effectively. In particular, because some consumers can bundle themselves and join a family plan, the firm is able to charge a higher price to single high-valuation consumers who are unable to be part of a family. Furthermore, the presence of a family plan can have a negative impact on the plan offered to single low-valuation consumers who now have to pay a higher overage price. We also show that not all family plans are profitable and that the profitability depends on the sizes of different types of families. The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/mksc.2018.1121 .

Źródła relacji ojca z dzieckiem w środowisku wiejskim. Komunikat z badań

Artykuł stanowi część projektu badawczego pt. Postawy ojcowskie w środowisku wiejskim. Poświęcony jest wąskiemu obszarowi projektu dotyczącemu źródeł warunkujących rodzaj relacji ojca z dzieckiem. Jakościowa analiza zebranego materiału badawczego, którą poprzedza teoretyczne wprowadzenie, dostarcza aktualnej wiedzy dotyczącej roli rodziny pochodzenia ojca oraz jego najbliższego otoczenia (koleżanki, koledzy, krewni) w pełnieniu własnego rodzicielstwa. Na jej podstawie wyodrębnione zostały trzy wizerunki rodzin, z których pochodzą badani mężczyźni oraz odpowiadające im zachowania i postępowania ojców wobec dzieci i pozostałych członków rodziny. Wyniki badań pokazują również, że rozmówcy w zdecydowanej większości nie posługują się wzorami zachowań ojcowskich obecnych w ich najbliższym środowisku życia.

Psychological characteristics of parents of problem children

The article presents the investigation of the characteristics of the personality and emotional sphere of parents having problem children and identify the relationship of these features with respect to children. The scientifically based material presented in the article provides statistical analysis of the data obtained during the factorization of the source empirical data obtained with the help of standardized assessment means. The subject of statistical analysis at this stage was to test the hypothesis of significant differences in the level of severity of personality factors of the subjects, grouped in different categories based on gender, age, family status and family functioning. In particular, reliable differences in the level of personality factors in the subjects of different sexes were found in relation to «constructive educational protection», «indulgently indifferent personal disposition», «passive-protective personal disposition» and «psychosthenic personal disposition». Statistically significant differences in the level of personality factors in the subjects with different family status were detected in relation to «extroverted personality disposition», «the indulgent educational disposition» and «constructive educational support». According to the results of the statistical analysis of age characteristics of the expressiveness of the personal factors of the parents of the problem children, statistically significant differences were identified according to the factor of «constructive educational protection», «introverted-pedantic personal disposition» and «indulgent educational disposition». The statistical analysis of the indicators of the severity of personality factors in the subjects with different types of family functioning allowed to reveal statistically significant differences in a number of factors: «major educational disposition», «constructive educational protection», and «Introverted-pedantic personal disposition».

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РОДИТЕЛЬСКОЙ ПОЗИЦИИ В СЕМЬЯХ РАЗНОГО ТИПА

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РОДИТЕЛЬСКОЙ ПОЗИЦИИ В СЕМЬЯХ РАЗНОГО ТИПА

SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE ENTOMOCOMPLEX IN THE CENTER OF DUTCH ELM DISEASE

The authors present data on the species composition of the entomocomplex as a vector in the spread of Dutch elm disease of trees in conditions of Kiev Polissya. The purpose of research is to identify the species composition of the entomocomplex of the elm plantations of Kiev Polyssa. Material and methods of research include investigating the infected stem pests in the idyllic forest stands we put in a test area where the model trees were taken. Each model tree was cleaned of knots. The length of districts of thin and thick crust was established. Separately, on dry and dying trees the species composition was determined and the records of the completeness of the settlement were recorded, that is, the average number of families of different types of harmful insects per square decimeter of the trunk surface. Research results are as follows. A detailed survey of the plots was accompanied by a complete tax inventory of the forest stand. We have learned that the area of the Dutch disease spread coincides with the habitat of bark beetles such as Scolytus multistriatus, Scolytus scolytus and Scolytus pygmaeus. The density of the settlement of Scolytus multistriatus, Scolytus scolytus and Scolytus pygmaeus was determined. The frequency of occurrence of species is Scolytus: Scolytus multistriatus – 68.2 %, Scolytus pygmaeus – 36.4 % and the Scolytus scolytus – 31.8 %. We can see from the data presented in Table 2 that Scolytus multistriatus occurs mostly in the cells of the Dutch disease, however, its populations form cells that are characterized by medium and low population of trees. This indicates the chronic of cells that are characterized by a long period of existence, relatively low, although elevated (in comparison with healthy plantings), the number of insects and the size of the current fallout. Population characteristics and peculiarities of the distribution of stem pests of elm breeds within the region indicate the occurrence of the centres of bark beetles to locations of weakened plantations.