Adaptation To Different Types Research Articles

From South to North in the globalised world of early childhood education and care: varied national and local responses in selected countries

This article analyses the neoliberal transformation of ECEC in five selected countries (Germany, Slovakia, Indonesia, Nepal, and Kenya). Both the Global South and the Global North are represented. The countries were selected either because of the authors’ involvement in research in the respective country or because of their long-term personal experience of that particular system of ECEC. The knowledge the authors acquired enabled them to delve deeper into the question of the point at which ECEC systems encounter neoliberal education policy and to describe the different ways in which the countries have adapted to the new policies. The article shows that neoliberal education policies require different types of adaptation and that these may have very different effects on the system of ECEC – from a change in concept to system convergence and practical resistance or total governance of the ECEC sector. The article contributes to a more granular understanding of the effect of the economising discourse on the ECEC sector. Keywords: ECEC, social investment approach, EU, Germany, Slovakia, Indonesia, Kenya, Nepal, Global North, Global South

Farmers’ Livelihood Adaptability in Rural Tourism Destinations: An Evaluation Study of Rural Revitalization in China

Rural tourism is one of the important ways to achieve rural revitalization and one of the choices for farmers to improve their viability. Therefore, the socio-ecological systems (SES) analysis framework and obstacle factor analysis can provide a new perspective for the evaluation of farmers’ behavior adaptation processes. In order to test the adaptation mechanisms of farmers’ lives in rural tourism destinations, we applied this analysis framework to Ying-Tao-Gou Village in China. The study found that the livelihood adaptation strategies of local farmers can be divided into the categories of “tourism livelihood”, “part-time livelihood”, “worker livelihood”, and “farming livelihood”. The livelihood adaptation of local farmers presented a relatively balanced picture. There were significant differences in the livelihood adaptability of different types of farmers, but tourism farmers had the strongest livelihood adaptability. There were various barriers to the livelihood adaptation of different types of farmers, such as household savings and education level. Finally, to improve the adaptability of farmers’ livelihoods, amendments can be made in policy formulation, tourism development, and by the farmers themselves. This study is of great significance for the government in formulating policies to improve people’s livelihoods, to stimulate the vitality of rural development, and to accelerate the development of rural revitalization.

СПЕЦИФІКА СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ АДАПТАЦІЇ МІГРАНТІВ В ПРИЙМАЮЧОМУ ПОЛІКУЛЬТУРНОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ

The article analyzes the migration causes; assessment of the migrants’ safety of themselves and their close people in new conditions, relationships with indigenous peoples, nostalgic experiences, themselves, their capabilities in new living conditions. In general, there are positive tendencies in the migrants’ involvement in another cultural environment. There are data, which confirm the existence of 6 socio-psychological adaptation types: adaptive, conformal, interactive, depressive, nostalgic, alienated. The most common among migrants are adaptive, conformal, and interactive types, the other three occur much less frequently.Comparative analysis of socio-psychological adaptation types revealed a number of significant differences between them. Yes, adaptive, conformal, and interactive strategies are characterized by acculturation strategies such as integration and assimilation; for depressive, nostalgic, and alienated types – separation and marginalization.Described are statistically significant differences between migrants with different types of adaptation on the indicator “Acceptance of othersо. Yes, adaptive, conformal, interactive migrants are ready to make contacts and interact with indigenous peoples, as opposed to depressed, nostalgic, and alienated types.The correlation between socio-psychological adaptation peculiarities and personality traits is analyzed, as a result of which there are indicated negative connections between “adaptabilityо, “self-acceptanceо, and “acceptance of othersо, “dominance desireо, emotional comfortо indicators and separation with marginalization strategies. Thus, the higher the other cultural migrants’ performance, the more pronounced the predominance of integration and assimilation strategies and, therefore, the greater migrants’ adaptive capacity.It is proved that the migrants’ adaptation type and the subject psychological characteristics expressiveness degree and their relationship with each other determine the specificity of the migrants’ adaptation process to the new socio-cultural environment. Thus, adaptive, conformal, and interactive types representatives demonstrate positive acculturation strategies (separation, assimilation), which greatly contributes to the positive tendency of the socio-psychological adaptation process. Depressed, nostalgic, and alienated migrants are prone to marginalization and separation, which negatively affects the process of a new socio-cultural environment entering.

Development and reproductive qualities of sows of different breeds: innovative and traditional methods of assessment

Development and reproductive qualities of sows of different breeds: innovative and traditional methods of assessment

Signs of reproductive qualities of sows of different types of adaptation, their variability and correlation

The results of studies of life expectancy and breeding use, as well as the main indicators of reproductive qualities of sows of large white breed of different types of adaptation, the economic efficiency of the research results and the level of correlation between traits are calculated cost-effectiveness of research results and the level of correlation between traits. The research was conducted in the conditions of agro-formations of Dnipropetrovsk region (LTD “Agro-Elita”, SLTD “Druzhba-Kaznacheevka”). The object of the study was sows of large white breed. Evaluation of sows of experimental groups (I – superadaptive, II – mediumadaptive, III – minusadaptive type of adaptation) according to the indicators of the level of adaptation and the main indicators of reproductive qualities were carried out taking into account the successor of quantitative traits: life expectancy, months, duration of breeding use, months, farrowing received, piglets total, head; live pigs obtained, naked; multiplicity, head; weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28–35 days, kg; duration of intergrowth, days. The adaptation level index and the coefficient of productivity were calculated according to the method of Smirnov V. S. (2003) and Long T. E., Short T. H., Bates R. O (2003) respectively. The economic efficiency of the research results was calculated by according to the indicator “mass of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28–35 days, kg”. Analysis of the research results shows that sows of superadaptive type will outperform peers of the opposite class (minusadaptive type) in terms of adaptation level and reproductive capacity by 58.36 and 43.63 % respectively. The proportion of indicator “duration of breeding use, months” to the indicator “life expectancy, months” in animals of superadaptive type is 81.8 ± 0.76 %, minusadaptive – 54.1 ± 2.67 % (lim = 27.7 %; td = 10.00; P < 0.001). An integrated assessment of sow reproductive performance by the performance factor confirms the superiority of sows of the superadaptive type to this group of animal traits of other adaptation types. The paired correlation coefficients between adaptation level indices and reproductive traits in sows of different types of adaptation range from -0.815 (tr = 6.45; adaptation level index × obtained farrowing) to +0.995 (tr = 45.05; life expectancy × duration of tribal use). In order to accelerate the breeding process and create a high-yielding herd of pigs, we suggest that the leading group of sows select animals with an index of “adaptation level” of 6.55–8.90 points.

Surface damage detection for steel wire ropes using deep learning and computer vision techniques

Abstract Steel wire rope (SWR) is of great importance to its many industrial applications. When SWR is damaged, it is likely to result in serious consequences. Therefore, it is important to do research in the field of SWR damage detection. Computer vision-based surface damage detection methods for SWR can operate with high detection accuracy and good adaptation for different types of SWR. Conventional machine learning methods with manual feature extraction have strong subjectivity. If the discriminant information cannot be extracted accurately, the detection accuracy decreases. To address this problem, this paper proposes an intelligent SWR damage detection method, based on a convolutional neural network, which has powerful learning ability and can automatically extract discriminant features by training surface images of the SWR. The experiment results show that the proposed method, based on deep learning, has a higher F1 score and a higher detection speed than four other conventional machine learning methods.

Физиологические исследования древесных растений

Приведены результаты изучения водного и светового режимов, а также углеродного баланса лесов в разных лесорастительных зонах, засухоустойчивости и теневыносливости разных пород деревьев. Построена математическая модель определения углеродного баланса разных пород в различных климатических условиях. Разработана методика оценки фотосинтетической продуктивности древостоев, основанная на зависимости КПД использования солнечной радиации на фотосинтез охвоенных или облиственных побегов и поглощения пологом древостоя солнечной радиации. The Laboratory of Plant Physiology was founded at the Forest Institute in 1944 under the supervision of a member of correspondent USSR Academy of Sciences L.A. Ivanova. During this time, the laboratory studied the water, light conditions and carbon balance of the forest in different forest zones. The dependence of the number and spectral composition of PARs under the forest canopy on the throughput of the canopy of the forest stand was investigated. The physiological mechanism of drought tolerance of trees in the steppe zone has been studied. It has been shown that there are various ways of adapting tree species to drought. The joint existence of species with different types of adaptation of trees to arid conditions (for example, oak, fluffy ash and small-leaved elm) reduces the life of plantings. Artificial shading studied the effect of light deficiency on growth, leaf anatomy and carbon metabolism in seedlings of different species and revealed a physiological mechanism shade tolerance. The intensity of the processes of carbon metabolism photosynthesis and respiration of various organs of trees (leaves, branches of different ages, trunk, growth and sucking roots) and their dependence on external conditions were studied. The carbon balance of individual leaves, branches, trees and stands was calculated under different weather conditions. The crown structure of several tree species was studied, the carbon balance of branches of different ages, and their lifespan. A mathematical model of the carbon balance of different species is constructed, and on this basis the possibility of the existence of a forest depending on the climate is calculated. Ecological and physiological studies were conducted (root respiration and photosynthesis of pine and birch). A methodology has been developed for assessing photosynthetic productivity based on the dependence of the efficiency of the use of absorbed solar radiation on the photosynthesis of covered or leafy shoots and the absorption of solar radiation by the canopy. It was found that forestry and photosynthetic productivity differ only slightly in these methods. It was found that the stands of pine and birch growing in optimal forest conditions have almost the same productivity. Estimates of the effect of moisture deficiency in seedlings of tree species under the canopy of wood stand.

Brazylijskie nazwy miejscowe i ich adaptacje w języku Polonii brazylijskiej (na podstawie opublikowanych w 1930 roku numerów „Gazety Polskiej w Brazylii” i „Ludu”)

The aim of this paper is to present the names of brazilian localities and different types of adaptation used by the members of the Polish community in Brazil in two Polish-language newspapers published in Curitiba: „Gazeta Polska w Brazylii” and „Lud”. The study focuses on the names found in the issues published in 1930 and shows that 87% of the gathered material is used in its original form. The remaining material consists of adapted names that are divided according to various adaptation techniques, among them translation. The author describes the frequency of the analyzed adaptations and provides comments on their use in different types of texts and by different authors.

Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction in Urban Development Plans for Resilient Cities

As a result of climate change, cities today are increasingly exposed to various climate-related risks. This has resulted in a significant change in the way we deal with cities. In recent years, efforts toward achieving resilient cities have been strengthened with various initiatives and actions. Internationally, among the key initiatives are the launching of Sustainable Development Goals, New Urban Agenda, and Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, the Paris Agreement to achieve climate and disaster resilient within cities. Development plans are known to be essential documents to present strategies to guide future development, thus have the potential to ensure the improvement of the city’s resilience. Hence, this paper aimed at assessing the current state of the adoption of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction strategies in the various level of development planning. Based on the content analysis method, the paper discusses the different types of adaptation and mitigation interventions at national, state and local level plans aimed at reducing the impact of climate change and disaster risk in cities. Malaysian’s federal policy documents (Eleventh Malaysia Plan, National Physical Plan III and National Urbanisation Policy II), state structure plans (Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020 and Pahang State Structure Plan 2035) and local development plans (Kuala Lumpur City Plan 2030 and Cameron Highlands Draft Local Plan 2030) were referred to for this purpose. Overall, findings of the study indicated that at the national level, aspects of CCA and DRR are limited to the environment and infrastructure sector. However, locally, much higher integration of CCA and DRR strategies are evident in the Cameron Highlands Draft Local Plan 2030. Thus, it is realised that Malaysia is progressing positively towards mainstreaming CCA and DRR strategy in the different level of development plans crossing all sectors with various types of interventions. However, more effort is needed to focus on the collaborative action in the implementation of the strategies and actions stipulated in the development plans.

Context aware mobile learning application development: A systematic literature review

Context Aware Mobile Learning Applications (CAMLA) are an emerging field of research, they provide educational resources tailored to educational needs and particular circumstances of the learner. Despite the increase in the number of applications being developed, there is a lack of study that provides comprehensive knowledge on the development of CAMLA. Motivated by this shortcoming, Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to establish a body of knowledge that describes the key components of CAMLA that includes; context information extraction and representation, context adaptation and different types of applications developed. SLR was conducted on 24 papers retrieved from seven databases. The results identified different types of context amongst which learner, location and time are the most widely used in the development of CAMLA. The context data is collected using virtual and physical sensors and mostly represented as relational or ontology data. CAMLA provides different types of adaptation where adaptation to learning resource and location are very common. The results are useful to position future research activities to scientifically strengthen this field.

Animal domestication in the high Arctic: Hunting and holding reindeer on the I͡Amal peninsula, northwest Siberia

The history of animal domestication in the Arctic is often represented as marginal or a weak copy of more complex pastoral situations in southern climes. This article re-assesses the classic archaeological site of I͡Arte 6 on the I͡Amal Peninsula of Northwest Siberia for markers of early Rangifer and dog taming and the emergence of transport reindeer husbandry at the start of the Iron Age. We critically examine published and unpublished Russian language material on this first millenium site, and evaluate the interpretations against three ethnoarchaeological models: herd-following, decoy-mediated hunting, and transport reindeer husbandry. Using new ethnographic, geoarchaeological, botanical, and palynological evidence, as well as a revised site chronology, we demonstrate that I͡Arte 6 was likely the home of several different types of adaptation over a much longer period of time than had previously been assumed. This leads us to question the standard models of reindeer pastoralism, and to argue for a renewed attention to the ways in which Rangifer are held and enticed into a long-term relationship with people, the possibility that canine domestication may have also been a key factor, and how these relationships leave imprints in the environmental record.

Coding Principles in Adaptation.

Adaptation is a common principle that recurs throughout the nervous system at all stages of processing. This principle manifests in a variety of phenomena, from spike frequency adaptation, to apparent changes in receptive fields with changes in stimulus statistics, to enhanced responses to unexpected stimuli. The ubiquity of adaptation leads naturally to the question: What purpose do these different types of adaptation serve? A diverse set of theories, often highly overlapping, has been proposed to explain the functional role of adaptive phenomena. In this review, we discuss several of these theoretical frameworks, highlighting relationships among them and clarifying distinctions. We summarize observations of the varied manifestations of adaptation, particularly as they relate to these theoretical frameworks, focusing throughout on the visual system and making connections to other sensory systems.

HP Lovecraft on screen, a challenge for filmmakers (allusions, transpositions, rewritings)

This article first delineates the reasons why it is difficult to adapt Lovecraft’s fiction to the screen. It then analyses different types of adaptation, either straight or more loose, focusing in particular on the work of Stuart Gordon, one of the main adapters of Lovecraft with films ranging from parody ( Herbert West Reanimator ) to more serious adaptations which however depart in various ways (especially adding women characters and sex) from their source text ( Dagon , The Dreams in the Witch House ). Andrew Leman’s The Call of Cthulhu , a pastiche of early silent films, provides a good example of straight adaptation. It also proves rewarding to compare two different retellings of the same novel, The Case of Charles Dexter Ward , by two directors, Roger Corman ( The Haunted Palace ) and Dan O’Bannon ( The Resurrected ). Corman tends to associate Poesque Gothic and Lovecraft while O’Bannon uses film noir conventions, also setting the story in a contemporary context. Lastly this article analyses the presence of Lovecraftian themes and motifs in films that are not adaptations like Alien or the Quatermass trilogy. A case in point is John Carpenter’s apocalyptic trilogy that provides a convincing re-appropriation of Lovecraft’s fictional universe.

Adaptation of Different Types of Neurons in the Midbrain Auditory Center to Sound Pulse Sequences

Adaptation of Different Types of Neurons in the Midbrain Auditory Center to Sound Pulse Sequences

Comparison and analysis of sequences and structures of hemagglutinins from Influenza A Virus: a minireview

Influenza is one of the most widespread diseases in the world. The interest in Avian Influenza Virus has been increasing through the last decade because of greater than ever possibility of a pandemic outbreak. Influenza virus belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, which is characterized by a high variety of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in different subtypes. Hemagglutinin has two very important sites on its surface: receptor binding site and cleavage site. In this study, we compare sequences and structures of various hemagglutinins. Emphasis was put on potential sites of mutations in functionally important domains. The possibility of adaptation of different types of influenza virus to become a pandemic strain was also evaluated. More than 50 different hemagglutinins subtypes were analyzed and compared, pointing out changes in two essential aforementioned sites. In conclusion, H9 hemagglutinin has a high potential to become a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) strain. However, H13 should also be observed because it possesses features which could result in an increase of pathogenicity

Application of a triblock copolymer additive modified polyvinylidene fluoride membrane for effective oil/water separation.

A hollow fibre membrane was fabricated by blending polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with a triblock copolymer additive polymer that has both hydrophilic and oleophobic surface properties. The novel membrane was characterized and examined for oil/water separation under various system conditions, including different cross-flow rate, feed temperature, trans-membrane pressure, and its rejection and cleaning efficiency, etc. By applying the membrane into the filtration of synthesized oil/water emulsion, the membrane constantly achieved an oil rejection rate of above 99%, with a relatively constant permeate flux varied in the range of 68.9–59.0 l m−2 h−1. More importantly, the fouling of the used membrane can be easily removed by simple water flushing. The membrane also demonstrated a wide adaptability for different types of real oily wastewater, even at very high feed oil concentration (approx. 115 000 mg l−1 in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COM)). Hence, the novel triblock copolymer additive-modified PVDF membrane can have a great prospect in the continuing effort to expand the engineering application of polymeric membranes for oily wastewater treatment.

Recent Brechtian Adaptations Based on «Fuenteovejuna»

After a brief overview of different types of adaptation based on Fuenteovejuna for the contemporarystage, the article focuses on analyzing the scripts of two recent productions. Both have in commontheir Brechtian roots in dealing with the original drama, and this fact allows for a consideration ofthe different goals both playwrights have pursued when dealing with Lope’s play.

Dynamics of the cytosol soluble carbohydrates and membrane lipids in response to ambient pH in alkaliphilic and alkalitolerant fungi

Comparative composition of lipids and cytosol soluble carbohydrates at different ambient pH values was studied for two obligately alkaliphilic fungi (Sodiomyces magadii and S. alkalinus) and for two alkalitolerant ones (Acrostalagmus luteoalbus and Chordomyces antarcticus). The differences and common patterns were revealed in responses to pH stress for the fungi with different types of adaptation to ambient pH. While trehalose was one of the major cytosol carbohydrates in alkaliphilic fungi under optimal growth conditions (pH 10.2), pH decrease to 7.0 resulted in doubling its content. In alkalitolerant fungi trehalose was a minor component and its level did not change significantly at different pH. In alkalitolerant fungi, arabitol and mannitol were the major carbohydrate components, with their highest ratio observed under alkaline conditions and the lowest one, under neutral and acidic conditions. In alkaliphiles, significant levels of arabitol were revealed only under alkaline conditions, which indicated importance of trehalose and arabitol for alkaliphily. Decreased pH resulted in the doubling of the proportion of phosphatidic acids among the membrane lipids, which was accompanied by a decrease in the fractions of phosphatidylcholines and sterols. Alkalitolerant fungi also exhibited a decrease in sterol level at decreased pH, but against the background of increased proportion of one of phospholipids. Decreased unsaturation degree in the fatty acids of the major phospholipids was a common response to decreased ambient pH.

Coping strategies related to food insecurity at the household level in Bangladesh.

IntroductionIn connection to food insecurity, adaptation of new techniques or alteration of regular behavior is executed that translates to coping strategies. This paper has used data from food security and nutrition surveillance project (FSNSP), which collects information from a nationally representative sample in Bangladesh on coping behaviors associated with household food insecurity. To complement the current understanding of different coping strategies implemented by the Bangladeshi households, the objective of this paper has been set to examine the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the food insecure households which define their propensity towards adaptation of different types of coping strategies.MethodologyFSNSP follows a repeated cross-sectional survey design. Information of 23,374 food insecure households available from February 2011 to November 2013 was selected for the analyses. Coping strategies were categorized as financial, food compromised and both. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to draw inference.ResultsMajority of the households were significantly more inclined to adopt both multiple financial and food compromisation coping strategies. Post-aman season, educational status of the household head and household women, occupation of the household’s main earner, household income, food insecurity status, asset, size and possession of agricultural land were found to be independently and significantly associated with adaptation of both financial and food compromisation coping strategies relative to only financial coping strategies. The relative risk ratio of adopting food compromisation coping relative to financial coping strategies when compared to mildly food insecure households, was 4.54 times higher for households with moderate food insecurity but 0.3 times lower when the households were severely food insecure. Whereas, households were 8.04 times and 4.98 times more likely to adopt both food compromisation and financial relative to only financial coping strategies if moderately and severely food insecure respectively when compared to being mildly food insecure.ConclusionHouseholds suffering from moderate and severe food insecurity, are more likely to adopt both financial and food compromisation coping strategies.

Energy Efficiency Analysis and Evaluation of GSHP in Operation

Ground Source Heat Pump (hereinafter referred to as GSHP) project is increasing, but the lack of summary analysis of different GSHP system to run the specific energy efficiency and other practical operation of the specific test and investigation, which will focus on this study the content and direction. Based on the actual test data and field investigation results of the GSHP system in the above projects, the key demonstration projects of GSHP in 30 countries are analyzed, including the basic conditions of the project, unit water temperature, unit performance, system performance and energy efficiency evaluation. On this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of each project and the energy efficiency situation are summarized and analyzed, and the adaptability of different types of technology in different regions are evaluated. Finally, the control strategies are proposed to enhance the energy efficiency of each project.