Different Modes Of Transport Research Articles

PANDEMIJOS POVEIKIS TRANSPORTO SEKTORIAUS VERSLO APLINKAI

The purpose of this article is to review the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2019 and 2021 on the business environment of the transport sector, and to provide the most effective means to restore the transport sector. For this purpose, scientific, statistical and documentary sources are examined, in which material from research conducted by Lithuanian and foreign scientists about the pandemic and its impact on the European and Lithuanian transport sector is analysed; the importance of the transport sector to the national economy and the peculiarities of the transport sector business environment are reviewed; the challenges of different modes of transport in the transport sector during the pandemic are described; threats, problems and opportunities the transport sector faced are presented; and impact assessments and forecasts for individual modes of transport are provided. To reveal the topic of the article about the challenges and changes caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in the transport sector, a comparative analysis of the latest scientific literature and statistics, documents, descriptive analytical, synthesis and comparative analysis methods were used.

Optimum Intervention in Transportation Networks Using Multimodal System under Fuzzy Stochastic Environment

Multimodal transport refers to the transportation of goods under a single contract but performed with at least two different modes of transport. This research designs a new method for solving the Transportation Problem (TP) by introducing multimodal transport systems under fuzzy-stochastic environment, which we refer to as Fuzzy-Stochastic Multimodal Transportation Problem (FSMMTP). An algorithm is developed to reduce FSMMTP to a deterministic TP, which is mainly based on α -cut of fuzzy numbers, and uses a signed distance function based on the mean expectation of the fuzzy-stochastic cost parameters. We derive the optimal solution as well as optimal selection of mode for transporting the goods in our proposed model. A numerical example justifies the effectiveness of our proposed study. The paper ends with a conclusion and an outlook to future studies.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Closing Rail Crossings: A Case Study From Louisiana

Road-railroad crossings are where different modes of transportation meet, which brings safety concerns and the potential for hampering transportation efficiency and creating other issues. By surveying and interviewing professionals in Louisiana, this study aims to investigate incentive programs and their effectiveness in reducing the number of at-grade crossings for policy implementation. The results show that most agencies in Louisiana were concerned about safety at railroad crossings with one third supporting closing crossings to alleviate their concerns. In addition, stakeholders were also concerned about the condition and maintenance of crossings, traffic management, and access for active transportation. Among five identified programs, road improvement was ranked as the most effective program, and the combination of multiple programs may be more effective than any individual program. This study recommends that context-sensitive, accessible, and transparent policies, public education, and stakeholder engagement may help to improve safety and efficiency at road-railroad crossings overall.

Connecting people and places: Analysis of perceived pedestrian accessibility to railway stations by Bavarian case studies

Walking connects different modes of transport and acts as the main feeder for public transport. Nonetheless, ensuring high-quality accessibility for pedestrians to railway stations is seldom evaluated beyond measurable factors such as walking distance and time. Although several studies found differences in calculated and perceived accessibility, little research has so far focused on the factors that are influencing perceived pedestrian accessibility and thus causing these differences. In order to contribute to the current efforts of conceptualizing perceived accessibility, this study explores the factors which determine whether or not people walk to train stations. Potential influencing factors were first derived from a literature review and clustered into six quality criteria (directness, simplicity, traffic safety, security, comfort and built environment). Then, on-site and online surveys were conducted in five Bavarian towns (Germany) to understand the importance of the identified factors and how this differs between different people and places. The results confirm that above all comfort, safety and security factors play an important role for pedestrian accessibility. In addition, significant differences were found between different age groups and city sizes.

GREEN FUELING FOR THE FUTURE ELECTRIC VEHICLE

The automobile industry in India has taken a major role in the growth of the Indian economy. In India, we find different modes of transportation either in the form of public transportation or in the form of private transportation. It has come to the conclusion that without the transportation service nothing can be done and if for some reason the transportation service is stopped then the life of Indians is unimaginable as well as the impact of the above problem is going to hit the entire nation. The major challenge in the automotive industry is the fuel that our country needs to import from others. The resource of the fuel is getting emptied day by day. Now it has come to a situation where we have to go for such an automobile industry which uses the alternative fuelling system. Today a lot of research work is going on electric vehicles and the Indian system is planning to switch over to the electric vehicles. This paper introduces a new model for charging an electric two wheelers using solar energy. The paper contains the different types of two wheelers and their charging system is studied. After studying the charging system of the two wheelers the common charging system for all those types is proposed. This solar charger is considered as a solar fuelling center where the two-wheeler gets the shelter during the sunny day as well as the battery system can be charged during the parking time.

An attention‐based synthetic battery data augmentation technique to overcome limited dataset challenges

AbstractLarge‐scale global efforts for electrifying different modes of transportation have fueled the need for energy‐dense storage systems. Lithium‐ion batteries have shown promise to be a favourable technology to power pure electric vehicles, off‐board storage systems for microgrids and other hybrid vehicle applications. Accurate estimation of vital battery parameters, such as state‐of‐charge, enable the user to predict remaining useful life of lithium‐ion batteries. Although multiple data‐driven techniques over the years have improved prediction accuracy, lack of high‐quality data continues to be a challenge which has been largely ignored in literature. Commercial battery manufacturers fail to release their datasets due to privacy concerns thereby worsening this crisis. The limited data challenge has been further aggravated due to advent of novel charging techniques, such as pulsed discharge and constant‐temperature charging profile. This article aims to resolve this data scarcity issue by employing an attention‐based technique to generate reliable synthetic data. The generated data will greatly assist researchers to develop reliable battery ageing prediction models. The approach followed in this article consumes very less computational resources as well.

Building Sustainability in the Urban Environment: An Integration of Road and Water Transportation Systems in Port Harcourt Metropolis

The apparent disconnect of different modes of transport in the Port Harcourt metropolis is causing difficulty in urban mobility among commuters. The study has assessed the integration of road and water transport systems to build a sustainable urban environment in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are to identify the road and water infrastructure transport systems in Port Harcourt metropolis and their state of functionality, identify and examine the disconnect existing in the street and water transportation in the study area, identify the challenges facing the integration of road and water transportation in the study, and provide physical planning strategy to achieving the integration of road and water transport systems in the study area. The study adopted a Mixed Methods Research (MMR) approach using a concurrent triangulation research design to obtain the relevant data and information that addressed the study aim and objectives of the study. In addition, the study employed purposive and simple random sampling techniques, including the key informant method. A total of four hundred (400) commuters, fifty (50) each, were interviewed from six (6) major road corridors and two (2) jetties in Port Harcourt City (Aggrey, Trans-Amadi and Olu-Obasanjo Roads) and Obio/Akpor (Akpajo-Elelenwo-Oil Mill, NTA and Agip Roads) and two (2) jetties: Port Harcourt City (Bille/Bonny/Nembe Jetty) and Obio/Akpor (Feltaco Jetty). Some Key informants from the transport sector like the Rivers State Ministry of Transport (RSMT) staff Rivers State Ministry of Urban Development and Physical Planning (RSMUDPP). Others are staff of the Rivers State Transport Company (RTC), National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW), Rivers State Marine Transport Company, waterways transport operators, and Town Planners were among those interviewed. The study found potential for integrating road and water transport systems in the study area, and some of the infrastructures are obsolete and lack maintenance, thereby impeding interconnectivity and interlinkage between both systems. The study also revealed that government unwillingness to harness and develop the potential poor urban planning and management, and poor urban governance contribute to the disconnect of the road and water transport systems observed, affecting the quality of life and well-being of residents and poor urban sustainability. Thus, to improve the potentials and challenges identified, the study suggested that the government should develop an integrated transportation policy framework to enhance the integration of road and water transport systems. The government should upgrade and rehabilitate roads and water transportation infrastructure to improve intermodal connectivity and linkages for efficiency and effectiveness in the study area. The Public-Private Partnership approach should be developed and adopted in the planning and management of the transport sector in the study area; develop all waterways within the study area through canalisation and channelisation, and the government should adopt sound governance principles to involve all stakeholders of the transport sector.
 

COVID-19 and transportation of India: influence on infection risk and greenhouse gas emissions.

COVID-19 have significant impact on travel behaviour and greenhouse gases (GHG), especially for the most affected city in India, Mumbai metropolitan region (MMR). The present study attempts to explore the risk on different modes of transportation and GHG emissions (based on change in travel behavior) during peak/non-peak hours in a day by an online/offline survey for commuters in Indian metropolitan cities like MMR, Delhi and Bengaluru. In MMR, the probability of infection in car estimated to be 0.88 and 0.29 during peak and non-peak hour, respectively, considering all windows open. The risk of infection in public transportation system such as in bus (0.307), train (0.521), and metro (0.26) observed to be lower than in private vehicles. Furthermore, impact of COVID-19 on GHG emissions have also been explored considering three scenarios. The GHG emissions have been estimated for base (3.83–16.87 tonne), lockdown (0.22–0.48 tonne) and unlocking (2.13–9.30 tonne) scenarios. It has been observed that emissions are highest during base scenario and lowest during lockdown situation. This study will be a breakthrough in understanding the impact of pandemic on environment and transportation. The study shall help transport planners and decision makers to operate public transport during pandemic like situation such that the modal share of public transportation is always highest. It shall also help in regulating the GHG emissions causing climate change.

Simulating the spread and establishment of alien species along aquatic and terrestrial transport networks: A multi‐pathway and high‐resolution approach

Abstract The introduction and further spread of many alien species have been a result of trade and transport. Consequently, alien species are often found close to traffic infrastructure and urban areas. To contain and manage the spread of alien species, it is essential to identify and predict major routes of spread, which cannot be obtained by applying common modelling approaches such as species distribution models. Here, we present a new model called CASPIAN to simulate the dispersal of alien species along traffic infrastructure and the establishment of populations along these routes. The model simulates simultaneous spread of species of up to eight different modes of transport along roads, railways and waterways. We calibrated and validated the model using two species that spread within Germany as case studies: the terrestrial plant Senecio inaequidens and the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea, and performed a shortest path analysis to quantify the relative importance of individual routes for spread. The application of the model yielded detailed predictions of dispersal and establishment for >600,000 segments of the traffic network throughout Germany. Once calibrated, the model captured the general spread dynamics of the two species with higher accuracy for the freshwater environment due to the higher quality of data available for the aquatic species. The quantification of spread routes using the shortest path analysis revealed a clear backbone of major routes of spread, which varied depending on the type of traffic network and the starting points considered. Major routes of spread aligned with high traffic intensities, but high traffic per se did not necessarily result in high spread intensities. Synthesis and application. By simulating the spreading dynamics of alien species along transport networks across multiple pathways, CASPIAN enables the identification of major spread routes along different dispersal pathways and quantification of their relative importance, which helps prioritising pathways of introduction as required by international biodiversity goals such as the CBD Aichi targets.

Assessing the spread risk of COVID-19 associated with multi-mode transportation networks in China

The spatial spread of COVID-19 during early 2020 in China was primarily driven by outbound travelers leaving the epicenter, Wuhan, Hubei province. Existing studies focus on the influence of aggregated out-bound population flows originating from Wuhan; however, the impacts of different modes of transportation and the network structure of transportation systems on the early spread of COVID-19 in China are not well understood. Here, we assess the roles of the road, railway, and air transportation networks in driving the spatial spread of COVID-19 in China. We find that the short-range spread within Hubei province was dominated by ground traffic, notably, the railway transportation. In contrast, long-range spread to cities in other provinces was mediated by multiple factors, including a higher risk of case importation associated with air transportation and a larger outbreak size in hub cities located at the center of transportation networks. We further show that, although the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 across countries and continents is determined by the worldwide air transportation network, the early geographic dispersal of COVID-19 within China is better predicted by the railway traffic. Given the recent emergence of multiple more transmissible variants of SARS-CoV-2, our findings can support a better assessment of the spread risk of those variants and improve future pandemic preparedness and responses.

Security management of intermodal transportation in conditions of sustainable development of global supply chains

The article considers the complex problem of ensuring the security of supply chains of various kinds, including dangerous, when they are transported by different modes of transport with the necessary transshipment in a single logistics flow. At the same time, the authors tried to take into account both the general concept of sustainable development of the system of global supply chains (consumer goods) and the dynamics of change of supply objects depending on specific needs and situations in the world. Therefore, given the current tense military situation in the world, the main focus was on intermodal transport of dangerous goods and systemic security risks and threats of man-made nature and their consequences for the generalized characteristics of economic and social security. The research was based on the United Nations World Development Program to 2030, scientific and theoretical foundations of supply chain management and security, SCM, the concept of advanced risk management, as well as standards and practical recommendations of leading international organizations (ISO, BTO, ICAO and others) issues of economic security and protection of components of the world transport system from threats and exacerbation of risks. The practical result of scientific research is the development of recommendations for ensuring man-made safety of intermodal transport in the supply chain of dangerous goods under the programs of preventive, compensatory and remedial measures.

Planning of High-Power Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles: A Review

Electrification of mobility is paving the way in decreasing emissions from the transport sector; nevertheless, to achieve a more sustainable and inclusive transport system, effective and long-term planning of electric vehicles charging infrastructure will be crucial. Developing an infrastructure that supports the substitution of the internal combustion engine and societal needs is no easy feat; different modes of transport and networks require specific analyses to match the requirements of the users and the capabilities of the power grid. In order to outline best practices and guidelines for a cost-effective and holistic charging infrastructure planning process, the authors have evaluated all the aspects and factors along the charging infrastructure planning cycle, analysing different methodological approaches from scientific literature over the last few years. The review starts with target identification (including transport networks, modes of transport, charging technologies implemented, and candidate sites), second, the data acquisition process (detailing data types sources and data processing), and finally, modelling, allocation, and sizing methodologies. The investigation results in a decision support tool to plan high-power charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, taking into account the interests of all the stakeholders involved in the infrastructure investment and the mobility value chain (distributed system operators, final users, and service providers).

A Versatile Model for Estimating the Fuel Consumption of a Wide Range of Transport Modes

The importance of a flexible and comprehensive vehicle fuel consumption model cannot be understated for understanding the implications of the modal changes currently occurring in the transportation sector. In this study, a model is developed to determine the tank-to-wheel energy demand for passenger and freight transportation within Germany for different modes of transport. These modes include light-duty vehicles (LDVs), heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs), airplanes, trains, ships, and unmanned aviation. The model further estimates future development through 2050. Utilizing standard driving cycles, backward-looking longitudinal vehicle models are employed to determine the energy demand for all on-road vehicle modes. For non-road vehicle modes, energy demand from the literature is drawn upon to develop the model. It is found that various vehicle parameters exert different effects on vehicle energy demand, depending on the driving scenario. Public transportation offers the most energy-efficient means of travel in the forms of battery electric buses (33.9 MJ/100 pkm), battery electric coaches (21.3 MJ/100 pkm), fuel cell electric coaches (32.9 MJ/100 pkm), trams (43.3 MJ/100 pkm), and long-distance electric trains (31.8 MJ/100 pkm). International shipping (9.9 MJ/100 tkm) is the most energy-efficient means of freight transport. The electrification of drivetrains and the implementation of regenerative braking show large potential for fuel consumption reduction, especially in urban areas. Occupancy and loading rates for vehicles play a critical role in determining the energy demand per passenger-kilometer for passenger modes, and tonne-kilometer for freight modes.

Sensitivity analysis of intercity public passenger flow based on prospect theory

The contradiction between traffic supply and demand in different periods of intercity transport corridor becomes increasingly prominent, and there is a large waste of transportation resources. In order to analyze the passenger flow sensitivity for different modes of transportation at different periods of time under the change of high-speed railway ticket price, a generalized travel prospect cost minimum assignment model is constructed. Then, the passenger flow of different travel modes in each period of the intercity passenger transport corridor is calculated, the passenger flow sensitivity model and the sensitivity rate model are also constructed. Taking Tianjin-Beijing intercity passenger transport corridor as a case study, the results show that when the ticket price reduces, the passenger flow sensitivity change rate of each mode in each period increases linearly. The increase of ticket price has little influence on all modes of transportation in each period. In the same range of ticket price fluctuation, the sensitivity of passenger flow of high-speed railway is the largest when the ticket price changes in the period of negative supply-demand balance, and the sensitivity of passenger flow corresponding to the reduction of ticket price is about twice that of passenger flow corresponding to the increase of ticket price. The research work provides a theoretical reference for optimizing the traffic structure of Tianjin-Beijing intercity passenger transport corridor.

Green mobility and well-being

In recent years, efforts to promote alternative and greener modes of transport have been aimed at boosting sustainable economic growth. The question of mode choice calls for an analysis of how different modes of transport relate to the well-being of users. We use the UK Time Use Survey (UKTUS) from 2014 to 2015, and examine data on self-reported enjoyment during travel, as a measure of experienced well-being. We estimate Random Effects regressions for each travel category, finding that, in comparison to driving by car, active transport is related to higher levels of well-being during travel, while using public transport is associated with lower levels of well-being in certain trips. The results show that active transport is related to higher levels of well-being on a daily basis and across different travel purposes. Our evidence suggests a need to develop strategies to effectively promote mobility by active modes of transport, improving the daily experience of public transport users.

Using personal cars for emergency transport of patients with life-threatening medical conditions: A pilot study

Personal motor vehicle usage is not typically associated with health benefits in any cost-benefit analysis of different modes of transport. In this study, we explored the usage of personal cars for emergency transport to a hospital or emergency department because of a life-threatening situation. The data for the study were gathered as a part of a larger traffic safety survey. The sample was representative of Finnish-speaking residents older than 15 years (N = 1025). Every seventh (14.2%) respondent reported that someone from their household had used a personal car to transport a person requiring urgent medical attention to a hospital or emergency department. The types of life-threatening situations and reasons for using a personal car in these instances were also reported. We discuss the implications for cost-benefit analyses of this transportation mode.

Assessing the impact of mobility on the incidence of COVID-19 in Dublin City.

COVID-19 has had a major impact on the transport systems around the world. Several transport-related policies were implemented in short period of time to contain the spread of the pandemic. These policies had a major influence on travel behavior and people's perception towards the safety of different modes of transport, especially public transport, thus affecting several sustainable mobility initiatives. To build a resilient and sustainable transport system and to rebuild trust in public transport, it is important to understand the role of mobility in the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. The present study investigates the relationship between mobility and reported COVID-19 infections using data from Dublin city. Different modes of transport including traffic volume, bus passengers, pedestrians and cyclists were considered in the study during a forty week period. Multiple scenarios involving two-week lag and three-week lag of mobility data and COVID-19 infections were considered in building statistical models. Results showed that, 36.2% of the reported COVID-19 infections after a two-week lag and 33% of the infections after a three-week lag. Our research examines the links between movements and COVID-19 numbers, but clearly this was not the only reason for increased case numbers as many other events impacted on increased numbers. The study further discusses the policy implications and strategies for ensuring a resilient and sustainable transport system.

Dietary supplements and their effect on the body of students

The world does not stand still. We are daily confronted with the achievements of modern science: we are able to communicate with a person from another continent via the Internet, we easily bypass any distance thanks to different modes of transport. And yet there are things that cannot be automated, improved, accelerated yet. A person still needs to sleep, have some physical activity during the day and, of course, eat. The whole day of a person can easily obey the rhythm: breakfast, lunch, dinner, and, of course, snacks, afternoon tea, brunch, late dinner. And it's getting harder and harder to give up food, as store shelves are bursting with goods that are ready to lie there for years until we buy them. This is because most of the foods we consume contain various dietary supplements in their composition. The main purpose of which is to make them tastier, stored longer, etc. Undoubtedly, the nutrition of all population groups can be affected by food additives, but in this article we will consider young people: 2nd and 3rd year students. Of course, studying, writing course projects, a large number of practical and other classes deprive you of the opportunity, or rather the strength and desire, to eat right. Therefore, this age group is of particular interest. To what extent are students aware of the presence of food additives in their food? How many of the survey respondents monitor their diet? And in general: are dietary supplements as harmful as they say in the media? In this article, we will analyze the survey data of students, as well as understand what dietary supplements are and how they affect the body.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ВИМОГ ДО ЗАСОБІВ ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ФІНАНСОВИХ ВИТРАТ НА ТРАНСПОРТНІ ЛОГІСТИЧНІ ОПЕРАЦІЇ

The article identifies and analyzes the characteristic requirements that affect the calculation of the cost of freight transportation by different modes of transport. The state budget of Ukraine in terms of transport costs of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine is analyzed. The task of providing military transportation has been clarified. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of rail freight transportation of military cargo and the peculiarities of charging for them. It is emphasized that the planning of military transportation depends on the supplier and consignee. Proposals have been made on the compatibility of the NATO software product LOGFAS with the regulatory framework of Ukraine in terms of planning and implementation of land, air and water military transport. An analysis of the factors taken into account when calculating the cost of military rail transport and taking them into account in the software product LOGFAS. The organizational indicators of military railway transportation are determined and their consideration in the LOGFAS software product is analyzed. The peculiarities of the loading and unloading complex of sea and river ports defined in the LOGFAS software product have been clarified and the requirements in the existing guiding documents of the Armed Forces of Ukraine have been identified. Additional airport equipment has been streamlined in the LOGFAS software product, which will improve the information aspect of future projected costs. The problems that can be encountered when planning transport costs with the help of the LOGFAS software product are highlighted. The general requirements to the system of the software product of the organization of transport operations, the requirements for the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the elements of the transport and logistics system and the requirements for the system in terms of financial and economic issues are determined.

Разработка прогнозной модели неравномерного входящего потока транспортно-логистического центра

The article discusses the problems of uneven arrival of vehicles at the transport and logistics center (TLC) and identifies operational problems that arise at the time of cargo transshipment between different modes of transport. The effects of the irrational use of loading and unloading machines and ways to reduce the identified negative impact are determined. The main approaches to modeling the moments of arrival of vehicles in the preparation of technological documents for the operation of the logistics complex (contact schedule of the complex, the schedule of trains on the adjacent section) and the daily schedule of the work of the junction station are highlighted. The uniform supply of vehicles, characteristic of dispatching the supply of modes of transport, is relevant for modeling the operation of the supply of groups of wagons to the terminal. In case of uneven arrival of vehicles, areas of concentrated and sparse supply of vehicles are allocated. For these periods, the reasons for downtime and irrational increase in operating costs for processing one ton or intermodal unit of cargo are determined. In order to determine the nature of intra-day irregularity of the supply of vehicles, a method has been developed based on identifying the functional dependence of the arrival of vehicles during the day and constructing an appropriate histogram of the distribution of the arrival of vehicles corresponding to the selected time intervals during the day, which allows us to get a general idea of the nature of the arrival of modes of transport of various parameters. Modeling the operation of the terminal and logistics complex in the market economy with unpredictable moments of arrival of vehicles and uneven arrival of transport, special attention should be paid to the mode of operation of loading and unloading machines and crews at different times of the day when developing the technology. The allocation of periods of condensed and sparse supply of transport enables us to adjust the operation of the terminal to optimize operating costs and reduce the total cost of cargo processing, and the attraction of additional processing capacities during peak periods will minimize downtime of vehicles waiting for processing.