Different Levels Of Knowledge Research Articles

4차 산업혁명 시대의 인문학 기반 대학 교양교육 지식체계에 대한 성찰적 고찰

This study discussed how the knowledge system of university liberal education based on humanities is being structured in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, and some teaching methods that may help students obtain the knowledge stably. Currently, many universities in Korea are trying to convey convergent educational content based on humanities to students. The humanities have different levels of knowledge. The knowledge system expands to the knowledge of college major, knowledge of a field related to my major, convergence knowledge, and experiential knowledge, and helps students learn the socio-cultural values through humanities. And the knowledge system can be realized through various teaching methods to strengthen the humanities competence of students. It is necessary to cultivate students’ basic knowledge in the field of humanities in the process of conveying knowledge to students, with the main purpose of human reflexivity by combining analytic and comprehensive teaching methods. In the untact era, the convergent educational goals and meaning structures of university liberal education based on humanistic values should also be identified and discussed for the sustainable expansion of the humanities.

Nature-based solutions and their potential to attract the young generations

This study aims to explore how Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are perceived by the young generations, and to see if NBS are capable of attracting young visitors to a specific area. Young generations are generally considered as being more sensitive towards nature and sustainability issues. In this context, planning and developing NBS may prove to be a powerful instrument to raise the interest of young people towards formerly degraded urban and peri-urban areas and ecosystems. The results of a survey focused on a specific NBS site and involving 1543 university students demonstrate that gender is the factor that most influences the perception of NBS. Females tend to have a good knowledge and a positive perception of NBS, and they are keen to visit sites where NBS are present; in contrast, males emerge as a very heterogeneous group, with different levels of knowledge and perception of NBS among them, as well as different attitudes towards visiting NBS sites. The results of this study are expected to help decision-makers plan the development of NBS sites and target potential visitors. Further research on the topic is finally recommended.

Evaluation of the marketing methods and handling of live shellfish (American lobsters) for the purpose of sale as food: First evaluations in Piedmont, Italy.

Some species of crustaceans pose problems during marketing, being sold alive. Food Business Operators (FBO) have the need to adopt specific measures based on opinions and guidelines of national and international associations. This investigation was aimed at evaluating the practices in use in the marketing of live crustaceans in Piedmont. Twenty-three plants were analyzed using checklists and through physical and chemical measurements of the water in the holding tanks. The situation appears uneven in the application of Good Handling Practices (GHP), management of animals and knowledge of FBO. Only 48% of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point plans had a dedicated section. Immobilization of the claws was the option identified to control aggressiveness. Dead animals are mainly identified as Category 3 instead of other hygienically safe options. Only 1/3 of interviewed can indicate the slaughtering methods recognized as most suitable for these animals. The aquariums show a good state of maintenance and most of evaluated parameters complaint to GHP except for nitrites (35%). In conclusion, the situation reflects the different levels of knowledge of the FBOs. Therefore the veterinarian of the public health service can propose itself as a reference point for specific training.

Perception and knowledge of the effect of climate change on infectious diseases within the general public: A multinational cross-sectional survey-based study.

Infectious diseases are emerging and re-emerging due to climate change. Understanding how climate variability affects the transmission of infectious diseases is important for both researchers and the general public. Yet, the widespread knowledge of the general public on this matter is unknown, and quantitative research is still lacking. A survey was designed to assess the knowledge and perception of 1) infectious diseases, 2) climate change and 3) the effect of climate change on infectious diseases. Participants were recruited via convenience sampling, and an anonymous cross-sectional survey with informed consent was distributed to each participant. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed primarily focusing on the occupational background as well as nationality of participants. A total of 458 individuals participated in this study, and most participants were originally from Myanmar, the Netherlands, Spain, United Kingdom and the United States. Almost half (44%) had a background in natural sciences and had a higher level of knowledge on infectious diseases compared to participants with non-science background (mean score of 12.5 and 11.2 out of 20, respectively). The knowledge of the effect of climate change on infectious diseases was also significantly different between participants with and without a background in natural sciences (13.1 and 11.8 out of 20, respectively). The level of knowledge on various topics was highly correlated with nationality but not associated with age. The general population demonstrated a high awareness and strong knowledge of climate change regardless of their background in natural sciences. This study exposes a knowledge gap in the general public regarding the effect of climate change on infectious diseases, and highlights that different levels of knowledge are observed in groups with differing occupations and nationalities. These results may help to develop awareness interventions for the general public.

Wiedza i opinie kobiet na temat wybranych aspektów nietrzymania moczu

The therapy and prevention of urinary incontinence NTM should be focused on educational activities carried out for members of the therapeutic team, patients and their families, and the entire society. Aim. The aim of the study is to analyze women's knowledge and opinions on selected aspects of urinary incontinence. Material and methods. The study involved 100 patients with urinary incontinence. A diagnostic survey method and a survey technique were used. Results. In their own research, the respondents confirmed that urinary incontinence episodes are more often observed in older age groups of women. They also had a varied knowledge of the causes, risk factors, diagnostic methods and NTM therapy. Most of the respondents confirmed the impact of the disease on the sphere of sexual life, professional activity and family life. The smallest percentage of respondents emphasized the impact of NTM on the sphere of social life. More than half of the women indicate that they have little knowledge about the prevention of urinary incontinence. The vast majority of respondents declare that they would like to definitely expand their knowledge on this subject. Women most often stated that the common source of knowledge about NTM is information obtained from a gynecologist, urologist, specialist doctor and data from the Internet. Conclusions. 1. Women with urinary incontinence show a different level of knowledge about selected aspects of the disease. 2. Women confirm insufficient knowledge about selected aspects of urinary incontinence and at the same time show readiness to supplement it.

A proposal of a financial knowledge scale based on item response theory

The evaluation of financial knowledge is still a controversial subject in the literature, and this work seeks to advance by proposing instruments for this evaluation. Based on the related literature, twenty-four questions were adapted in the initial instrument. Using Item Response Theory, a synthetic instrument was developed, with twelve questions that evaluate three levels of items: basic, intermediate and advanced. From the skill and anchor items scale, two smaller scales of nine and seven items were also derived for financial knowledge assessment. The scales proposed in this study innovate by differing from those commonly used in the literature, by considering not only the percentage of correct answers but also the parameters of the item that the individual answers correctly. The three scales have items from different levels of knowledge, allowing researchers, educators, and policymakers to choose which is the most appropriate to their objectives.

Stellar evolution concepts and the dissemination of knowledge in Astronomy

In this work, an information booklet on the topic of Stellar Evolution was prepared, based on a bibliographic review of the literature in the field, aiming to create subsidies for the development of this science at different levels of knowledge. The booklet, which is intended to be used by teachers and students of Basic Education, was designed as a way of contributing to the shortage of teaching materials in this field. Here, it is presented the main scientific concepts worked on the booklet to support teachers and students, as well as comments on the experience with the presentations of lectures and workshops based on the booklet, in educational environments, in the Brazilian city of Marabá, in the state of Pará, as a way of disseminating and encouraging Astronomy in the region. It was noticed that the school community, in general, has a great interest in the learning of Astronomy, which contrasts with the scarcity of didactic materials and knowledge opportunities in the field. It is expected that more proposals for teaching materials, as well as applications of activities in Astronomy, will be developed, in order to disseminate such science in the school environment, and also in the general community.

The role of women in the utilization of Enhalus acoroides: livelihoods, food security, impacts and implications for coastal area management

Coastal and island communities depend heavily on marine resources for their food and income. During the west monsoon (September to February), fishermen rarely go to sea, and their activities are limited to the small-scale fisheries, including gleaning the Enhalus acoroides fruits. Participants in this small-scale fishery sector are mainly women; with little or no skill required, these gleaners are often overlooked by the district level fisheries-related census. This case study focused on the role of coastal women with different levels of knowledge and utilization of E. acoroides in three cities/districts of South Sulawesi. This study aimed to determine the contribution of E. acoroides fruit collection to coastal community livelihoods and food security, to identify the impacts, and to seek alternative solutions for seagrass management. Qualitative methods were used to gather information on E. acoroides fruit collection, fishery knowledge, livelihood contributions, perceptions of seagrass condition, and alternative management solutions. Around 90% of E. acoroides fruit collectors were women aged between 30 to 80 years old. Women contribute greatly to livelihoods and food security in coastal areas because they play dominant roles in household affairs and the sale of fishery products. Unfortunately, the methods currently used for collecting E. acoroides fruit can be destructive and may have contributed to the decline in seagrass cover. However, prohibiting the collection of E. acoroides would not be an appropriate solution. A win-win solution is needed to empower women while simultaneously managing seagrass ecosystems sustainably.

Assesment of knowledge and awareness regarding novel coronavirus (COVID-19) among dental professionals of Hazaribag District, Jharkhand, India

The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and awareness regarding novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among dental professionals of Hazaribag district, Jharkhand, India.The study population comprised of total 240 dental health professionals (DHPs) of Hazaribag district, Jharkhand. Data were obtained through a questionnaire containing 20 multiple-choice questions. The qualitative analysis was done using Chi-square test, P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Qualitative analysis of results of responses of DHPs on the knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 revealed that irrespective of their educational qualification and experience in the field of dentistry, the majority had sufficient knowledge on various aspects of the disease. However, responses of DHPs belonging to different qualification groups to questions that were related to age group at risk of getting COVID-19 infection, the genetic makeup of SARS CoV-2, it's mode of transmission and use of recommended norms useful in preventing COVID-19 infection showed different levels of knowledge and awareness on the disease that were statistically significant (p<0.05)

Assessing Caregivers’ Adherence to Child Primary Care Recommendations: Development and Validation of a Scale

ABSTRACT Introduction: Caregivers’ adherence to Child Primary Care (CPC) health recommendations is particularly relevant for the protection of children’s health and promotion of their optimal development. Nevertheless, there are currently no measures to assess it, as the majority of measures are focused on pharmacological treatment adherence instead of adherence to preventive health recommendations. Thus, this paper describes the development and validation of a new instrument to assess caregivers’ adherence to CPC health recommendations regarding children aged between 2 years and 6 years old, which would also be sensitive to the specificities of caregivers in more vulnerable conditions—the CPC-Adherence Scale. Methods: Six hundred sixty-two parents (93.4% women; 6.6% immigrant), living in Portugal and with children aged between 2 years and 6 years, participated in a cross-sectional study using a paper or electronic protocol. The protocol was composed by: (1) the CPC-Adherence Scale; (2) questions regarding experiences in CPC; (3) the European Task Force on Patient Evaluation of General Practice Care (EUROPEP); (4) socio-demographic information. Results: The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a 2-factor solution: (1) Adherence to a safe psychomotor development (n = 14 items; Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.894); (2) Adherence to nutritional counseling (n = 6 items; Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.608). The CPC-Adherence Scale showed good content and criterion-related validity. It discriminated levels of adherence of caregivers with different levels of knowledge about CPC recommendations, satisfaction with care and different socio-economic and immigrant t status. Discussion: The CPC-Adherence Scale is an innovative and promising measure that may play a relevant role on future research and intervention for the promotion of adherence behaviors in a primary prevention context.

Strengthening public health education of undergraduate medical students through early primary healthcare services’ association

Background: The World Health Organization consultation paper on the teaching of community medicine 2010 highlighted the need to change the focus from didactic lectures to more interactive teaching learning methods. The objective of this study was detection of difference between didactic and early training at primary healthcare centers at different levels of knowledge, acquired skills, and attitudes of undergraduate medical students.Methods: This interventional study included students of academic year 2017-18 had summer training course in public health department as a part of the Faculty aim of early clinical exposure of preclinical students (i.e., first three grades) (n=25). The public health training course focuses mainly on raising students' skills of basic primary health care services. Comparable group of 75 students from the regular system were randomly selected. This intervention aimed to design new educational process and determine its outcomes evaluating Learner’s knowledge, their attitudes, and gained skilled.Results: The interventional group had positive attitudes ranging from 59-93% for different topics given. The conventional methods group had statistically insignificant higher scores in the summative assessment 20.5±2.2 versus 19.6±3.1 of the interventional group (p value 0.11). The acquired skills of the interventional group ranged from 9.3±2.1 to14.9±1.5.Conclusions: Early field contact gained higher positive attitude among medical students and it showed high skill acquisition. It is recommended to be used more frequently in public health practical teaching for undergraduate students.

Sacred Nature. Diverging Use and Understanding of Old Sámi Offering Sites in Alta, Northern Norway

This study focuses on the contemporary use of two well-known Sámi offering sites in Alta, Finnmark, Norway. Today, these are hiking destinations and sightseeing points for both the Sámi and the non-Sámi local population, as well as a few non-local visitors. Many of these visitors leave objects at the sites, such as parts of recently slaughtered reindeer, clothing, coins, toys, sweet wrappers and toilet paper. This indicates that visitors have different levels of knowledge about and reverence for the traditional significance of these places. Through repeated surveys over several years, we also observed a certain development and change in the number and character of these depositions, as well as a variation in depositions between different sites. A series of interviews with various users and key stakeholders were performed to clarify the reasons for these changing practices, as well as what individuals and groups visit these sites, their motivation for doing so and for leaving specific objects, and what potential conflict of interest there is between different users. Furthermore, we surveyed what information has been available to the public about these sites and their significance in Sámi religion and cultural history over time. The results show that a diverse group of individuals visit the sites for a variety of reasons, and that there are contrasting views on their use, even among different Sámi stakeholders. While it is difficult to limit the knowledge and use of these places because they are already well known, more information about old Sámi ritual practices and appropriate behaviour at such sites may mediate latent conflicts and promote a better understanding of the importance of offering sites in both past and present Sámi societies.

A análise do uso da técnica Delphi na tomada de decisão em pacientes críticos

Introdução: A técnica Delphi é um método utilizado para alcançar consenso entre especialistas sobre determinado assunto. Objetivos: realizar revisão sistemática sobre a contribuição e utilização do método Delphi exclusivamente por médicos, para tomada de decisões em pacientes críticos. Métodos: A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados: PubMed, SciElo, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scopus, Periódicos CAPES e ClinicalTrials.gov, utilizando os descritores: “Delphi technique”, “Decision making”, “Critical care” e “Physicians”. Selecionou-se ensaios clínicos ou estudos observacionais para responder à pergunta norteadora: “Qual a contribuição da técnica Delphi na tomada de decisão pelos médicos em pacientes críticos?” Para avaliação do nível de evidência e grau de recomendação dos estudos incluídos, foi utilizado a escala do Centro de Medicina Baseada em Evidências de Oxford. Resultados: Foram incluídos dezoito referências para compor este estudo. As contribuições do método Delphi foram consideradas importantes para a tomada de decisões em quinze estudos analisados, para: definir estratégias de manejo, tratamento e recomendações; gerenciar e diagnosticar pacientes; definir consenso para exames; identificar ideias controversas e seus motivos subjacentes. Das limitações do método, a mais recorrente foi a seleção de especialistas de diferentes níveis de conhecimento. Conclusão: Este estudo mostra a aplicabilidade da técnica Delphi para manejo de pacientes críticos, tratamento medicamentoso, recomendações para sintomas específicos, diretrizes para gerenciar e diagnosticar pacientes, consenso para testes e exames e identificação de tópicos de ideias controversas e seus motivos subjacentes em situações onde não há consenso na literatura médica.

The learning effects of United Nations simulations in political science classrooms

How do active learning environments—by means of simulations—enhance political science students’ learning outcomes regarding different levels of knowledge? This paper examines different UN simulations in political science courses to demonstrate their pedagogical value and provide empirical evidence for their effectiveness regarding three levels of knowledge (factual, procedural and soft skills). Despite comprehensive theoretical claims about the positive effects of active learning environments on learning outcomes, substantial empirical evidence is limited. Here, we focus on simulations to systematically test previous claims and demonstrate their pedagogical value. Model United Nations (MUNs) have been a popular teaching device in political science. To gain comprehensive data about the active learning effects of MUNs, we collect data and evaluate three simulations covering the whole range of simulation characteristics: a short in-class simulation of the UN Security Council, a regional MUN with different committees being simulated, and two delegations to the National Model United Nations, for which the students prepare for 1 year. Comparative results prove that simulations need to address certain characteristics in order to produce extensive learning outcomes. Only comprehensive simulations are able to achieve all envisioned learning outcomes regarding factual and procedural knowledge about the UN and soft skills.

Relation Of Knowledge About Diabetes Mellitus With Motivation To Prevent Complications In Pematang Reba The Working Area Of Pekan Heran`s Public Healpth Center Of Indragiri Hulu Regency

Different levels of knowledge of diabetics will cause different motivations inpreventing complications in people with diabetes mellitus. Most sufferers are inthe Public Health Center of Pekan Heran, which is 330 patients. The purpose ofthis study was to determine the relationship of knowledge about DiabetesMellitus with motivation in preventing complications in the Kelurahan PematangReba, Public Health Center Pekan Heran, Indragiri Hulu District. The researchmethod is descriptive correlative with cross sectional approach, the samplingtechnique is total sampling, 70 respondents, by distributing questionnaires.Analysis of the data in this study is univariate and bivariate analysis. The resultsshowed that the majority of sufferers' knowledge about diabetes mellitus wasgood (90%), most patients had strong motivation in preventing complicationsof diabetes mellitus (94.3%). There is a relationship between knowledge aboutDiabetes Mellitus with motivation in preventing complications with a p value of0.02 or <0.05.

COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF EXPERT CONCLUSION IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

The authors of the article on the basis of analysis of scientific sources, forensic practice and legislation considers the conceptual issue of specifying the procedure of comprehensive evaluation of expert’s conclusion in criminal proceedings. There is a distinguishing features of this procedure is the following: the first stage examines the procedural form of the expert’s conclusion, the second – its content, the factual data on the basis of which the presence or absence of facts and circumstances relevant to criminal proceedings and subject to be proved. The criterion for assessing whether an expert’s conclusion is appropriate depends on the content of the conclusions provided to confirm or refute certain circumstances; confirmation of the reliability or inaccuracy of other evidence; the possibility or inability to use other evidence. The condition for the admissibility of an expert’s conclusion is compliance with the procedural form for conducting the examination and drawing up a conclusion, namely: compliance with the requirements of the criminal procedural law; due process registration of the appointment of the examination (decision, determination, petitions of the parties, etc.); the procedural independence and individual responsibility of the expert for the conclusion provided by him/her; immediacy of research; objectivity and reliability of the of the conducted research and conclusion; due documentation of the results of expert’s research. Objective reality indicates that doubts about the reliability of the expert’s conclusion will always be, however, if there are reasonable grounds for the unreliability of the expert’s conclusion, such a conclusion cannot be used in the process of proving. Consequently, there is a need for additional procedural actions aimed at obtaining data that confirm or refute the conclusion of the examination, among such actions is the appointment of a repeated examination. The dominant role in the criterion for assessing the sufficiency of evidence in the expert’s conclusion is played by the subjective conclusion of the initiator of the expert research, his/her inner conviction, which determines a different approach to the assessment of evidence in connection with a different level of knowledge and experience.

Wine Industry’s Attitude towards Oenological Yeasts: Italy as a Case Study

Yeast inoculation is a widespread practice in winemaking in order to control the must fermentation. However, the use of indigenous wine yeasts can enrich wine quality and differentiate wine styles. Yeast cream preparation (CRY), recently accepted by the International Organization of Vine and Wine, could allow an easier usage of autochthonous yeasts. This work aimed at investigating the actual Italian wine industry’s attitude towards the available formulations of commercial wine yeasts with attention to CRY. Moreover, this study evaluated the perception of wineries toward indigenous yeasts in both winemaking and marketing viewpoints. Data show different levels of knowledge and use about the available yeast formulations. In general, there is not a predominantly positive or negative participants’ opinion regarding the use of indigenous yeasts. Wineries using CRY (4% of the sample) mainly adopt them as a part of the production in order to compare the wines with the ones traditionally obtained with commercial yeasts. CRY is perceived by some interviewees as a potential tool to increase communication and product differentiation. This survey could have anticipated future trends in the use of yeast formulations, determined by the market demands for diversified, unique, and environmentally sustainable products, that can allow an accessible application of precision enology.

The link between auditory temporal processing and knowledge of the phonological coding system in learning to read Chinese

This paper investigates the importance of the phonological coding system (PCS) by examining the possible moderation effect of knowledge of the PCS on the predictiveness of auditory temporal processing (ATP) for Chinese character reading. Eighty typically developing Chinese children in the first and second grades in Taiwan were recruited, and various cognitive and literacy ability tasks were administered. The results revealed that knowledge of the PCS served as a significant moderator of the association between ATP and Chinese character reading, that is, the significant prediction from ATP to Chinese character reading was observed only in those with high knowledge of the PCS but not those with low knowledge of the PCS. Additionally, we further demonstrated diverse ability levels in phonological processing as it contributes to Chinese character reading among individuals with higher and lower knowledge of the PCS. Specifically, ATP as well as phonological awareness significantly predicted Chinese character reading for those with high knowledge of the PCS, while only verbal short-term memory served as a significant predictor of Chinese character reading for those with low knowledge of the PCS. Our results show that individuals with different levels of knowledge of the PCS may demonstrate different ability levels in phonological processing in their Chinese character reading, which suggests that the need for teaching approaches suited to students with diverse learning experiences should be acknowledged.

A survey on the BWM Convention: analysing the stakeholders' perceptions with emphasis on the acquisition process and operational expenditure.

The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (IMO 2018 Edition) was adopted in 2004 and entered into force on 8 September 2017, aiming to introduce global regulations to control the transfer of potentially invasive species Resolution (IMO MEPC.207(62) 2011). These efforts are translated into a wide range of solutions for retrofitting and new building services, which is evidenced through the substantial amount of data disclosed and analysed by different parties showing that optimization processes will have an important role for the existent management systems. Analysing a ballast water management installation project for oil tankers, categorizing the stakeholders involved and assessing properly the outcomes from an engineering perspective are important matters. The experience considered at the BWM Convention and its amendments set an important call to the industry in terms of milestones. Avoiding any delay in terms of operation is not the only answer to this call but also setting up an optimized and sustainable operation after the implementation process. The project management, on the subfield of stakeholders' management (Bourne 2016), brings a myriad of individuals connected to ballast water management matters with different levels of knowledge, experience and commitment from an engineering perspective. This article aims to measure these factors and the stakeholders' experience based on qualitative research into the ballast water management convention, with emphasis on the installation process on board. The data herewith analysed was obtained from a series of interviews conducted from January 2019 to August 2019.

PIKMA Role in Improving The Knowledge of Free Sex

Background : Youth is an asset and the future generation, so that young people had an important role to determine the future of Indonesia. Adolescents tend to want to know new things, so comes the behavioral want to try, and if it is driven by sexual stimulation can lead teens to get in on premarital sexual intercourse (sex). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Pikma role in improving knowledge about sex with using the media module, singing Goldapersas, and leaflets to the students of SMK Negeri 2 Magelang Year 2019 Methods : quasy experimental research type with pretest post test control group design. The population in this study as many as 282 people. a sample of 165 people. Data analysis by Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney Post Hoc test. Results : The results showed that there are different levels of knowledge between variables (singing Goldapersas, modules and leaflets) after being given health education, p = 0.000. The results of this study were expected to make teenagers more active in seeking information about reproductive health, in addition to the teachers also need to improve and equip students with knowledge about sex. Conclusion : Media module is more effective in supporting roles Pikma to increase knowledge about sex in adolescents.