Different Degrees Of Damage Research Articles

Percussion and PSO-SVM-Based Damage Detection for Refractory Materials.

Refractory materials are basic materials widely used in industrial furnaces and thermal equipment. Their microstructure is similar to that of many heterogeneous high-performance materials used in micro/nanodevices. The presence of damage can reduce the mechanical properties and service life of refractory materials and even cause serious safety accidents. In this paper, a novel percussion and particle swarm optimization-support vector machine (PSO-SVM)-based method is proposed to detect damage in refractory materials. An impact is applied to the material and the generated sound is recorded. The percussion-induced sound signals are fed into a mel filter bank to generate time-frequency representations in the form of mel spectrograms. Then, two image descriptors-the local binary pattern (LBP) and histogram of oriented gradient (HOG)-are used to extract the texture information of the mel spectrogram. Finally, combining both HOG and LBP features, the fused features are input to the PSO-SVM algorithm to realize damage detection in refractory materials. The results demonstrated that the proposed method could identify five different degrees of damage of refractory materials, with an accuracy rate greater than 97%. Therefore, the percussion and PSO-SVM-based method proposed in this paper has high potential for field applications in damage detection in refractory material, and also has the potential to be extended to research on damage detection methods for other materials used in micro/nanodevices.

Evaluating wildfire vulnerability of Mediterranean dwellings using fuzzy logic applied to expert judgement

Background Wildland–urban interface (WUI) fires pose great challenges to firefighting services and there is a growing need for self-protection and the creation of fire-adapted communities.Aim A tool that can aid homeowners and residents of the Mediterranean WUI was created so that they can identify vulnerabilities present on their properties and consequently reduce them in order to reduce the risk of fires igniting dwellings.Methods This Vulnerability Assessment Tool is based on a fault tree analysis that includes possible structural vulnerabilities as well as the different ways a fire could spread on a property to finally enter and ignite a dwelling. The probabilities of the different events are obtained from fuzzy preferences of WUI experts.Key results Our system was tested against real-world data taken from two WUI fires that occurred in 2021 and 2022 in Spain in which several dwellings were affected, with different degrees of damage (minor to major losses).Conclusions The tool is able to show the vulnerabilities of the properties and to account for differences in building characteristics and vegetation management at the parcel scale.Implications A planned use of this tool would be key to improving fire resilience at the community level.

The bearing capacity parameter analysis and heat energy storage loss test of concrete composite box girder

In order to study the relationship between the bearing capacity of the structure and the damage degree, the author proposed the bearing capacity parameter analysis and the heat storage loss test of the concrete composite box girder. Taking the five-span prestressed concrete composite box girder as an example, different degrees of damage are simulated by reducing the bending stiffness of different parts, and the modal strain energy method and flexibility difference method are used to diagnose the structural damage. The test results show that for the first span, the sum of the structure can meet the corresponding specification requirements under the condi?tion of dense traffic and less than 20% damage. When the damage is greater than 20%, the first span beam cannot meet the driving requirements. Under general traffic conditions, when the damage is less than 30%, the structure can basically meet the driving requirements, and the second and third spans still have a high safety factor. In the case of 30% damage of the first span, although ? it does not meet the requirements, but RF > 0.9. Each monitoring point has good estimation accuracy, and the error between the maximum temperature occurrence time of each monitoring point and the maximum temperature occurrence time of the mon?itoring point is within ? 10 hours . For continuous composite box girder structure, the flexibility difference method is superior to the modal strain energy method.

Immune mechanism of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases.

The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with unusual changes in the human gut microbiota, most commonly coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Immune mechanisms maintain a dynamic balance between the gut microbiota and the host immune system. When one side changes and the balance is disrupted, different degrees of damage are inflicted on the host and a diseased state gradually develops over time. This review summarizes the immune mechanism of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence of common CVDs, discusses the relationship between gut-heart axis dysfunction and the progression of CVD, and lists the currently effective methods of regulating the gut microbiota for the treatment of CVDs.

The Effect of Preharvest UV Light Irradiation on Berries Quality: A Review

As a non-toxic, pollution-free, non-residual toxicity, safe, and effective physical method, UV light irradiation can extend the shelf life of fruits, improve the quality of fruits, and conform to the current trend of consumers to pursue green, healthy, and natural food. However, most UV treatments are performed in the postharvest stage. Due to the weak resistance of fresh fruits to mechanical damage, after harvest, UV light treatment of fruits needs to flip the fruits to obtain the full effect of an effective dose, which will inevitably cause different degrees of damage to the skin of the fruits. The research shows that the beneficial effects obtained by UV light treatment are systematic, and the fruits treated by UV light before harvest can obtain similar effects to those treated after harvest. This paper reviewed the effects of preharvest UV light treatment on fruit quality. The effects of preharvest UV light treatment on fruit appearance, flavor, and disease resistance were considered. We conclude that the application of UV light before harvest is of positive significance for the improvement of fruit quality and the extension of shelf life. However, researchers and growers must still correlate the UV light treatment dose with plant response in actual production. Data recording and dose-cultivar-response curve drawing can provide essential guidance for future research and production.

Study on aging resistance of AAAS grafted in situ on paper documents

Abstract Due to the complex storage environment, paper documents will suffer different degrees of damage during storage. Studying the aging behavior of paper after strengthening treatment is an important aspect of evaluate the effect of strengthening agent treatment. In this paper, the aging resistance properties of base paper, APTES, AEAPMDMS, and APTES/AEAPMDMS reinforced samples after dry heat aging and moist heat aging were studied. The results show that in the early stage of aging, the amorphous region of the fiber is mainly degraded gradually. With the passage of time, the crystalline region of cellulose is also degraded continuously, and the crystalline region of cellulose is degraded more significantly during moist heat aging. Compared with the base paper, the AAAS reinforced paper sample can significantly slow down the aging and degradation of the paper sample and has better aging resistance.

FOREST PATHOLOGICAL MONITORING OF PINE STANDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PERGHAN SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH NATURE PROTECTION DEPARTMENT POLISH NATURE RESERVE

FOREST PATHOLOGICAL MONITORING OF PINE STANDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PERGHAN SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH NATURE PROTECTION DEPARTMENT POLISH NATURE RESERVE

Visual Analysis of the Protective Effect of Asphalt Coating on MOCC against Steel Corrosion and Rust Crack Formation

The constant current energization accelerated test was carried out to study the effect of asphalt coating on delaying reinforcement corrosion and rust-induced cracks in coated reinforced magnesium oxychloride cement concrete (CRMOCC). CRMOCC with different degrees of damage was scanned by adopting X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) technology, and the spatial information of rust and rust-induced cracks were analyzed visually and quantitatively. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the non-uniformity of rust-induced crack formation. The results showed that the corrosion amount of coated reinforcement after energization was only 81.6% of that of uncoated reinforcement. Besides, no crack no cracking was observed on CRMOCC after 480h's energization, while the rust-induced crack of reinforced magnesium oxychloride cement concrete (RMOCC) was 0.11 mm. The coating reduced the potential of rust-induced crack formation such that only three areas in CRMOCC were cracked, while RMOCC had cracks in eight areas. This study also found that interface transition zone (ITZ) played a dominant role in the formation of rust-induced cracks. The surface crack width in CRMOCC had an exponential relation with the crack volume and it had a linear relation with the volume of corrosion products. Further, there was an exponential relation between the volume loss of the reinforcement and the formation of rust-induced cracks. The correlation between surface crack width, corrosion products volume, rust-induced cracks volume and steel volume can be described by quadric surface. Results by SEM analysis indicated that in the ITZ of CRMOCC, Mg and O elements were the two main elements in the hydration products that were loose and needle-like. Furthermore, Si and O elements were the dominant materials in the non-interface transition zone (NITZ), resulting in relatively dense hydration products.

Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Freeze–Thaw Mode on Damage Characteristics of Sandstone

The influence of rock weathering caused by freezing–thawing on stone cultural relics cannot be ignored. For immovable stone cultural relics, different parts under different environmental conditions will be under different freeze–thaw actions and suffer different degrees of damage. In this paper, three typical freeze–thaw cycle tests of sandstone are designed, namely immersion test, capillary action test, and periodic saturation test. The macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of rock samples under different freeze–thaw cycles were analyzed. Weathering indicators such as porosity, water content, wave velocity, and surface hardness were tested, as well as uniaxial compressive strength. The variation law of weathering index and uniaxial compressive strength under different freezing–thawing cycles was obtained, and the quantitative relationship between each index parameter was further analyzed. The results show that under different freezing–thawing conditions, the apparent morphology of rock samples is different, and the trend of weathering indexes is similar, but the rate of change is different. The water content of rock has a great influence on the test results of wave velocity but has little influence on the surface hardness. The function relationship between weathering index and compressive strength under different freezing–thawing modes is similar, but the fitting parameters are different. Finally, the strength and wave velocity damage factors were used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of rock weathering. The results show that the immersion freeze–thaw damage is the highest, the periodic saturated freeze–thaw damage is the second highest, and the capillary freeze–thaw damage is the least highest. This is consistent with the field observation results. The conclusion of this paper can provide reference for the detection of stone cultural relics and provides a scientific basis for the anti-weathering protection of stone cultural relics.

Inflammatory and pathological changes in Escherichia coli infected mice

PurposeUnderstanding the inflammation and histopathological changes in vivo caused by Escherichia coli infection is of great significance for scientific research and clinical diagnosis. MethodsMice were randomly divided into 6 groups (N = 10) after adaptive feeding, and it challenged by intraperitoneal injection with different concentrations of E. coli ATCC25922. The survival situation within 7 days was recorded, and the half-lethal dose (LD50) was calculated by Karber's method. After the end, the blood, heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of the mice were collected. We detected the concentration of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-β, and TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in serum by ELSIA. Organs were observed by histopathological staining and electron microscope observation. ResultsThe LD50 of mice infected with E. coli was 1.371∗106 CFU/kg. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-β, and TNF-α increased with time after infection in mice, reaching the highest concentration on the 7th day. iNOS was significantly increased on the 1st day of infection, and then decreased over time (P < 0.01). Within a week after infection, the colony counts of the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney showed a first decrease, and then reached a surge on the 7th day. Pathological results showed that a small amount of mitochondrial swelling and autophagy were seen in the spleen, lung and kidney tissues of the infected group; and a small amount of secondary lysosomes and autophagy were also seen; but no pathological changes were found in the liver and heart. ConclusionEscherichia coli can cause inflammation and oxidative stress in mice, causing different degrees of damage to the spleen, lung, and kidney tissues, which provides theoretical support for inflammatory and pathological changes caused by Escherichia coli infection in vivo.

Protective Effect of Natural Antioxidants on Reducing Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity.

The clinical application of cisplatin is limited by its adverse events, of which nephrotoxicity is the most commonly observed. In a cisplatin-induced pathological response, oxidative stress is one of the upstream reactions which inflicts different degrees of damages to the intracellular material components. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also one of the early signaling molecules that subsequently undergo a series of pathological reactions, such as apoptosis and necrosis. This review summarizes the mechanism of intracellular ROS generation induced by cisplatin, mainly from the consumption of endogenous antioxidants, destruction of antioxidant enzymes, induction of mitochondrial crosstalk between the endoplasmic reticulum by ROS and Ca2+, and destruction of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system in the endoplasmic reticulum, all of which result in excessive accumulation of intracellular ROS and oxidative stress. In addition, studies demonstrated that natural antioxidants can protect against the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, by reducing or even eliminating excess free radicals and also affecting other nonredox pathways. Therefore, this review on the one hand provides theoretical support for the research and clinical application of natural antioxidants and on the other hand provides a new entry point for the detailed mechanism of cisplatin nephrotoxicity, which may lay a solid foundation for the future clinical use of cisplatin.

Effect Assessment of Aurantio-Obtusin on Novel Human Renal Glomerular Endothelial Cells Model Using a Microfluidic Chip.

Cassiae semen is widely used as a raw material of health food. Anthraquinone compounds, the main components in cassiae semen, have been reported to show nephrotoxicity. Aurantio-obtusin (AO) is a major anthraquinone compound extracted from cassiae semen. This study investigates the effects of AO on the morphology and physiological function of human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) on a microfluidic chip device for the first time. HRGECs were cultured on a microfluidic plate and exposed to a series of AO concentrations. Compared with traditional 96-well culture, HRGECs cultured on the microfluidic chip appeared to better mimic the glomerular microenvironment in vivo. AO induced different degrees of damage to cellular morphology and physiological function. The leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), increased in the AO treated groups. At the same time, cell viability and expression of ZO-1 in the AO treated groups decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The innovative device enables direct visualization and quantification to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of AO on HRGECs, and provides a useful visual in vitro model for studying health effect of health food.

Data-Driven Damage Classification Using Guided Waves in Pipe Structures

Damage types are important for structural condition assessment, however, for conventionally guided wave-based inspections, the characteristics extracted from the guided wave packets are usually used to detect, locate and quantify the damages, but not classify them. In this work, the data-driven method is proposed to classify the common damages in the pipe utilizing the guided wave signals obtained from numerous damage detection tests. The fundamental torsional mode T(0,1) is selected to conduct the guided wave-based damage detection to reduce the complexity of signal processing for its almost non-dispersive property. A total of 520 groups of experimental data under different degrees of damage were obtained to verify the proposed method. Finally, with help of a deep neural network (DNN) algorithm, all response data from the damages in the pipes were all clearly classified with quite high probability.

Experimental study on residual bearing capacity of full-size fire-damaged prestressed concrete girders

With the increasing development of three-dimensional transportation network, the probability of bridge fire accidents is increasing year by year, which leads to reduced bearing capacity of the bridge exposed to fire. Existing bridge detection and evaluation methods are not suitable for bearing capacity evaluations of fire-damaged bridge, since material degradation or localized damage of structural members caused by elevated temperature are not considered. This paper took actual fire-damaged bridge as a case study to analyze the influence of fire on residual bearing capacity as well as bending test on two 20 m span hollow slab girders with different degrees of damage. The prestress loss, failure mode, load–displacement curve, and residual bearing capacity were tested. A method integrated the FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) and the FEA (Finite Element Analysis) was proposed to calculate the actual process of bridge fire and mechanical property of fire-damaged girders. The dimensional temperature fields around the bridge and internal temperature field in a concrete hollow slab girder during the fire were obtained. Based on the research results of mechanical properties of concrete and prestressed tendon under elevated temperature, the mechanical numerical model considering internal temperature field was established; The failure mode and residual bearing capacity of fire-damaged girders were simulated. The results show that the post-fire residual bearing capacity mainly depends on the maximum temperature of prestressed tendons. The higher the temperature of prestressed tendons is, the lower the residual bearing capacity is. In the case bridge, compared to the girders at ambient temperature, bearing capacity of the two test girders decreased by 17.6 % and 15.1 %, respectively. The method proposed in this paper can be used to evaluate the post-fire bearing capacity of fire-damaged concrete girder bridges.

Integration of mRNA and miRNA analysis reveals the differentially regulatory network in two different Camellia oleifera cultivars under drought stress.

Camellia oleifera Abel. (C. oleifera) is an edible oil tree species that provide an important guarantee for targeted poverty alleviation strategy in China. Severe difficulties in irrigation leading to drought stress have become a major obstacle to the development of the C. oleifera planting industry. Breeding of drought-tolerant cultivars is the main idea for solving the problem of water shortage stress in C. oleifera cultivation. The photosynthetic physiology traits of C. oleifera cultivars ‘Xianglin No.1’ and ‘Hengdong No.2’ were affected by drought stress to different degrees, which demonstrated that the two cultivars suffered different degrees of damage. In the present study, we applied mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq to analyze the difference in molecular responses between drought stress and control, drought-tolerant and -sensitive cultivars, at mRNA and miRNA levels. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in photosynthesis-related, porphyrin, and chlorophyll metabolism, circadian rhythm system, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were identified that might be candidates for drought stress tolerance genes. Subsequently, the miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks connected the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) to their predicted target genes were established. miR398 and miR408-3p in C. oleifera showed that associated with the response to drought stress by negatively regulating genes encoding Downy Mildew Resistance 6 (DMR6) and Enhanced Disease Resistance 2 (EDR2), respectively, which might further improve drought tolerance via crosstalk between different stress-responsive pathways. The quantitation results of miRNA and mRNA were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In summary, the integrated mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq analysis deepen our understanding of the regulatory network response to drought stress and variety-specific responses improving drought tolerance in C. oleifera.

Diagrammatic scale for rust severity assessment in broad bean (Vicia faba)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Uromyces viciae-fabae&lt;/em&gt; has increased in economic importance in broad bean-producing regions of central Mexico. It is therefore convenient to have a standardized system to quantify its severity. The objective of this study was to generate and validate a diagrammatic scale to evaluate the severity of rust on broad bean leaves. We collected infected broad bean leaves with different degrees of damage from commercial crops in the Valle de Toluca and the southeastern region of Mexico State. One hundred and ten leaves representing the disease were taken and group discrimination was carried out to select the ranking visually. Then, the leaves were scanned and evaluated to obtain the real severity value for each leaf using the software ©ASSESS 2.0. A six-class diagrammatic scale was generated: 0 (0.0), 1 (&amp;gt;0.1-6.0), 2 (&amp;gt;6.1-12.0), 3 (&amp;gt;12.1-24.0), 4 (&amp;gt;24.1-56.0) y 5(&amp;gt;56.1-&amp;lt;100), and the exactitude, precision, and reproducibility of its estimations were verified. Fifty-eight leaves were evaluated by 20 evaluators without previous knowledge of the disease; the results obtained were analyzed using simple linear regression. In the initial selection evaluation, average r² values of 0.738 were obtained, without scale, while for the evaluation where the proposed scale was used, the average was 0.93, which confirms adequate levels of accuracy and reproducibility that the proposed scale can provide, for this disease.&lt;/p&gt;

Study on fluid-structure interaction vibration characteristics of absorber feed tank based on micro vibration monitoring

Absorber feed tank (AFT tower) is a kind of reinforced concrete structure supported steel tank. It is a composite structure used for desulfurization and cleaning in power industry. A large amount of slurry is sumped in the steel tank, and oxidation air is blown into the tank through a pipe to impact the slurry surface, then the agitator vibrates and disturbs the slurry in the tank. The structure has obvious vibration in daily operation, which is not conducive to the safety of the structure, but also brings greater psychological burden to the staff. Therefore, field monitoring and numerical simulation analysis are carried out for the AFT tower. The field investigation of AFT tower is also carried out. The video monitoring and local monitoring are used to monitor the AFT tower, and the corresponding laws of vibration are explored. A simplified simulation method for this kind of structure is proposed. The model is established with the aid of the fluid structure coupling function of ADINA finite element analysis software to study the vibration characteristics of AFT tower. The results show that the motion trajectory of AFT tower can be determined quickly by video monitoring. The local monitoring can demonstrate that the effect of mixer is the main factor of structural vibration, and the blowing in of oxidation wind intensifies the structural vibration response, resulting in different degrees of damage to the infilled wall between the columns of the structure. By comparing the numerical simulation results with the monitoring results, the reliability of the simplified model is verified, which provides a reference for analyzing the vibration response, damage mechanism and reinforcement design of this kind of structure.

Effects of short-term soil exposure of different doses of ZnO nanoparticles on the soil environment and the growth and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa

The extensive application of nanomaterials has increased their levels in soil environments. Therefore, clarifying the process of environmental migration is important for environmental safety and human health. In this study, alfalfa was used to determine the effects of different doses of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on the growth of alfalfa and the soil environment. Results showed that the alfalfa biomass was inversely proportional to the exposure concentration of ZnO NPs. The Zn concentration in the alfalfa tissue and the exposure dose presented a significant positive correlation. A high concentration of ZnO NPs decreased the nitrogen-fixing area of root nodules while the number of bacteroids and root nodules, which in turn affected the nitrogen-fixing ability of alfalfa. At the same time, it caused different degrees of damage to the root nodules and root tip cells of alfalfa. A high dose of ZnO NPs decreased the relative abundance and diversity of the soil microorganisms. Therefore, short-term and high-dose exposure of ZnO NPs causes multiple toxicities in plants and soil environments.

Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on MFDFA-SPS and ELM

Rolling bearings, as important parts on supporting rotating shafts, frequently suffer from fatigue failures. If these rolling bearing failures are not found in time, it will have a huge impact on the whole mechanical system’s operating safety and operating life. To improve the diagnosis of different faults as well as different degrees of faults, a fault diagnosis method based on the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) method-singularity power spectrum (SPS) with extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed. First, MFDFA and SPS analyses are performed on vibration acceleration signals with different faults and different degrees of damage under the same operating conditions, the spectral parameters of stability and quantitative description of differentiation are selected for feature extraction, and then the selected six feature parameters are put into the extreme learning machine for fault classification. The effectiveness of the MFDFA-SPS feature extraction method is demonstrated by analyzing and testing the measured bearing signals. The fault diagnosis accuracy of the bearing fault signals can reach 99.2% based on the MFDFA-SPS with ELM method by using the Case Western Reserve database. The improvements are 6.79% and 18.42% compared to the fault diagnosis methods based on MFDFA with ELM and SPS with ELM. Compared with the methods based on MFDFA-SPS with LSSVM classifier and SVM classifier, the accuracy improvements are 3.54% and 4.25%, respectively. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can achieve the diagnosis of bearing faults and the method based on MFDFA-SPS with ELM is more efficient than the methods based on MFDFA-SPS with LSSVM and SVM classifiers, which is suitable for practical engineering problem-solving.

Effect of Fumonisin B1 on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), which is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium rotarum, has a number of toxic effects in animals. Moldy feed containing FB1 can damage the intestine. In this study, we used intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) as an in vitro model to explore the effects of FB1 on cell cycle and apoptosis. The results showed that IPEC-J2 cells treated with 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL FB1 for 48 h experienced different degrees of damage manifested as decreases in cell number and viability, as well as cell shrinkage and floating. In addition, FB1 reduced cell proliferation and the mRNA and protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4, cyclinD1, and cyclinE1. FB1 blocked the cell cycle in the G1 phase. FB1 also induced mitochondrial pathway apoptosis, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and promoted mRNA and protein expression of Caspase3, Caspase9, and Bax. The findings suggest that FB1 can induce IPEC-J2 cell damage, block the cell cycle, and promote cell apoptosis.