Differences In Total Cholesterol Research Articles

VITAMIN D SCREENING BEFORE FERTILITY TREATMENT PLANS: PILOT STUDY IN PCOS AND NON-PCOS INFERTILE WOMEN

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and hypovitaminosis D are two most common endocrine disorders in young women leading to many adverse metabolic consequences. Objective of this study was to compare Vitamin D (VD) levels, Body Mass Index (BMI), lipid profile, hormonal parameters, and oocytes in PCOS and non-PCOS infertile females and to explore any association of VD levels with these parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to June 2020 after ethical approval at Aga Khan University in collaboration with Australian Concept of Infertility Medical Centre (ACIMC). It was conducted on 88 infertile females with age range 25–45 years recruited for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Subjects were divided into two groups; PCOS (n=37) and non-PCOS (n=51) based on diagnostic criteria of PCOS. Serum VD was analyzed using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS-20. Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman’s rank correlation were applied. Results: The mean BMI was significantly higher among PCOS as compared to non-PCOS women (p<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C), and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) among groups (p<0.05). There was significant correlation of vitamin D with maturity of oocytes (r=0.836, p<0.0001). Conclusion: The findings indicated that PCOs women were obese, had abnormal lipid profile with low VD levels. Low levels of VD were associated with poor maturity of oocytes which is required for successful conception. Pak J Pysiol 2023;19(2):15–9

CHARACTERISTICS OF DYSLIPIDEMIA IN THE CROATIAN RURAL AREA DAMAGED BY AN EARTHQUAKE. “THE SILENT KILLER HUNT” - CROATIAN SOCIETY OF HYPERTENSION PROJECT

Objective: Dyslipidemia is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, making its detection and control essential due to the risk of serious complications. Prevention and sensible management of dyslipidemia can markedly alter cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia among the adult population in a rural part of Croatia seriously damaged by the earthquake and evaluate the gender-associated differences in lipid profiles. Design and method: Blood samples of 244 subjects (188 women) (opportunistic screening) were collected under fasting conditions. The bloodwork results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests were used for checking differences between the sexes. Results: The average age of the whole group was 61.9 ± 14.3 years. Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated LDL cholesterol levels and low HDL cholesterol levels were 59.0%, 34.8%, 57.0%, and 32.0%, respectively. Average values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol were 5.4 ± 1.7mmol/l, triglyceride 1.8 ± 1.1 mmol/l, 1.4 ± 0.3 mmol/l, and 3.3 ± 1.02 mmol/l. We failed to find a significant difference in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol between men and women (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels between men and women with men showing higher levels of triglycerides (t = 2.08, p<0.05) and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (t = -4.1, p<0.05) than women. Conclusions: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in this rural area is high, higher than in other rural parts of Croatia indicating that stressful life after the earthquake and an unhealthy diet might contribute to this. Primary prevention i.e. education and regular examination of this vulnerable population should be in focus and even more intensive than in other rural, remote areas.

Long-term changes in serum levels of lipoproteins in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5% of children worldwide. The causal mechanisms of ADHD remain unclear as the aetiology of this disorder seems to be multifactorial. One research field addresses the impact on lipid metabolism and particularly serum lipid fractions on the development of ADHD symptoms. This post hoc analysis aimed to investigate long-term changes in serum levels of lipoproteins in children and adolescents with ADHD and controls. Data of German children and adolescents from the nationwide and representative “Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KiGGS)” study were analysed at baseline and at a ten-year follow-up. At the two time points, participants in the control group were compared with those in the ADHD group, both before and after propensity score matching. Differences in total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triglycerides were assessed between matched children with and without ADHD. In addition, subgroups with versus without methylphenidate use were compared at both time points. At baseline before matching, there were no significant differences for lipid parameters between participants in the ADHD group (n = 1,219) and the control group (n = 9,741): total cholesterol (Exp(ß) = 0.999, 95%-CI 0.911–1.094, p = .979), LDL (Exp(ß) = 0.967, 95%-CI 0.872–1.071, p = .525), HDL (Exp(ß) = 1.095, 95%-CI 0.899–1.331, p = .366) and triglycerides (Exp(ß) = 1.038, 95%-CI 0.948–1.133, p = .412). Propensity score matching confirmed the non-significant differences between the ADHD and non-ADHD group at baseline. At the 10-year follow-up, n = 571 participants fulfilled complete inclusion criteria, among them 268 subjects were classified as ADHD. The two groups did not significantly differ in lipid fractions, neither cross-sectionally nor with regard to long-term changes. There was also no significant difference between methylphenidate subgroups. In this sample of children and adolescents we could not reveal any significant associations between serum lipid fractions and the diagnosis of ADHD, neither cross-sectionally nor longitudinally; even when methylphenidate use was considered. Thus, further studies using larger sample sizes are required to investigate putative long-term changes in serum lipid fractions related to ADHD.

Association between androgen receptor gene alteration and osteoporosis in Chinese Han elderly men.

To explore the role of blood glucose, blood lipids, and androgen receptor gene (CAG)n genotype in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in Chinese Han men and to provide theoretical value for screening people susceptible to osteoporosis. Patients who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from February 2021 to October 2021 were selected as research subjects to measure bone density by double-energy X-ray, osteoporosis patients as osteoporosis group (40 patients), and non-osteoporosis patients as the control group (40 patients). The STR method detected the repeat times of the androgen receptor gene (CAG)n in the two groups. The repeat times ≤22 were the SS genotype, and >22 were the LL genotype. Meanwhile, the patient's age, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, blood lipids, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase examined on day one after admission were collected, and the statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. The results of the univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in age, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and glycosylated hemoglobin between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in average blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and genotype frequency (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed significant differences in total cholesterol and genotype frequency between the two groups (P < 0.05). Androgen receptor LL genotype and elevated total cholesterol may be the risk factors for osteoporosis in older men of Han nationality.

THE HDL LEVEL IN DIABETIC FOOT ULCER PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT AMPUTATION AT DR. SEOTOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL SURABAYA

Highlights1. Diabetes mellitus is a category of metabolic disease characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia.2. This study revealed no statistically significant differences in total cholesterol, TG, LDL, HDL, or LDL/HDL ratio between amputated and non-amputated DFU patients. AbstractBackground: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are microvascular and macrovascular consequences of diabetes and are associated with neuropathy, vascular disease, and immunosuppression. Increased blood glucose levels may result in the glycosylation of proteins in the nerve cells of the foot, leading to ischemia and cellular disturbances that can damage muscular, sensory, and autonomic neurons. Objective: To compare the lipid profiles of amputated and non-amputated DFU patients. Material and Method: This was a cross-sectional, analytic, retrospective research using total sample approach to analyze the medical records of all diabetes patients admitted to Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital between February 2018 and December 2020, with or without amputation. Result: The average age of DFU patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital was 55.6 9.4 years, and the majority of patients were female (57%). Diabetic foot ulcers were most prevalent in the age group ≥50 years old (74%), amputated DFU patients had larger mean total cholesterol, TG, LDL, and HDL than non-amputated DFU patients, although the difference was not statistically significant. While the mean LDL/HDL ratio was greater in non-amputated DFU patients, the difference was statistically insignificant. The HDL level was low in 84% of amputated DFU patients, whereas in non-amputated DFU patients it was 81%. Conclusion: This research showed no significant variation in total cholesterol, TG, LDL, HDL, or the LDL/HDL ratio between amputated and non-amputated DFU patients. Most DFU patients with and without amputations had low HDL values.

Lipid residual cardiovascular risk parameters in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia - importance of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio

Introduction. Familial hipercholesterolemia is monogenetic disorder associated with early onset of cardiovascular disease. The measurement of low density cholesterol is the primary therapeutic goal in familial hypercholesterolemia patients, but despite the lipid-lowering therapy cardiovascular disease still occurs. It became clear that it?s necessary to consider residual cardiovascular risk. The aim of study was to evaluate residual cardiovascular risk in familial hipercholesterolemia. Material and Methods. In this cross-sectional study we included 291 familial hipercholesterolemia patients with and without previously diagnosed diabetes. Based on value of the Dutch Lipid Clinical Network score criteria, familial hipercholesterolemia patients without diabetes was further divided into: possible (3-5 points), probable (6-8 points), and definite (&gt;8 points) familial hypercholesterolemia. Triglyceride to high density cholesterol ratio, non-HDL-cholesterol and remnant cholesterol were used as parameters of lipid residual cardiovascular risk. Results. We found statistically significant differences in total cholesterol, low and high density cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B between the groups (p&gt;0.05). The definite and probable group had higher non-HDL-cholesterol values than possible and familial hypercholesterolemia with diabetes (p&lt;0.01) groups. Familial hypercholesterolemia with diabetes group had higher values of triglyceride to high density cholesterol ratio and remnant cholesterol than definite and probable group (p&lt;0.01). Regression analysis showed that triglyceride to high density cholesterol ratio was independent predictor of appearance of coronary artery disease in addition to elevated low density cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion. Triglyceride to high density cholesterol ratio is the most important parameter of the lipid residual cardiovacular risk that strongly linked with cardiovascular disease in familal hypercholesterolemia patients, especially with associated diabetes.

An Exploratory Study of the Safety and Efficacy of a Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed Extract in Early Glucose Dysregulation: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

This was an exploratory study to assess the safety and efficacy of a specialized Trigonella foenum-graceum L. seed extract for supporting healthy blood glucose metabolism in a pre-diabetic cohort. Fifty-four participants were randomised to receive 500 mg/day of T. foenum-graecum seed extract or matching placebo daily for 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), post-prandial glucose (PPBG), HbA1c, fasting insulin (FI), post-prandial insulin (PPI) and C-peptide were assessed at baseline, week 6 and week 12. Lipid levels, liver enzymes and C-reactive protein (CRP), along with safety markers and tolerability were also assessed at baseline and week 12. By week 12 there was a significant difference in FBG (p &lt; 0.001), PPBG (p = 0.007) and triglycerides (p = 0.030) between treatment groups, with no changes in HbA1c (p = 0.41), FI (p = 0.12), PPI (p = 0.50) or C-peptide (p = 0.80). There was no difference in total cholesterol (p = 0.99), high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.35), low density lipoprotein (p = 0.60) or CRP (p = 0.79). There was no change in safety markers and the treatment was well tolerated. The results of the study indicated that T. foenum-graecum seed extract may influence blood glucose metabolism and larger studies are warranted to evaluate efficacy and potential mechanisms of action.

The effect of changing to Bictegravir on lipids using real world data: A brief report.

Cardiovascular disease is of increasing concern in patients living with HIV. The significant advancement in antiretroviral treatment has ensured that patients are now succumbing to traditional diseases of ageing. First generation antiretroviral therapy caused multiple side effects including significant dyslipidaemia. Despite the advancement and improving safety profile of treatment concerns remain about antiretroviral induced dyslipidaemia. We sought to investigate the real-world effect on lipids in patients switching to a Bictegravir based regime. We conducted a retrospective analysis in patients switching therapy to Biktarvy at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital. Data was collected from the HIV database that is established for clinical use, as an electronic patient record, and audit purposes. Lipid data was cross checked with the Trust electronic reporting system. Participants were included if they were HIV-positive, >18 years and had switched to Biktarvy Patients were also required to have a lipid profile available 52 weeks prior to switching and 100 weeks post switching. Summary statistic were calculated and multiple regressions models were constructed to assess the independent predictors of lipid change. We also performed one way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to assess the impact of switching therapy on each quartile of the baseline lipid panel. There were 135 patients included in the analysis with a mean age of 47. The majority of the population were male (80%). At a mean follow up of 42 weeks post switch there was no significant difference in total cholesterol (p= 0.64), triglyceride (p= 0.64) or high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p= 0.08). In the regression analysis the highest quartile of baseline total cholesterol and triglyceride were independently associated with improvement in lipid markers. Switching from protease inhibitor therapy was also significantly associated with improvement in triglyceride. In addition, the ANCVOA demonstrated that the highest quartiles of total cholesterol, triglyceride and the lowest quartile of HDL were associated with significant improvement in lipid markers after switching to Bictegravir. We demonstrated that patients with the most adverse lipid profiles at baseline had significant improvements in lipid profiles. In addition, patient switching away from protease inhibitor therapy also had significant improvements in triglyceride.

THE DIFFERENCES IN RAT CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AFTER GIVING RED GUAVA JUICE

Introduction: Cholesterol is a fat found in our body, it can be dangerous if cholesterol level is increasing. The way to lower cholesterol levels, such as by consuming high-fiber foods for example red guava. Purpose: To determine the difference in total cholesterol levels in rats after giving red guava juice. Method: The research was conducted using 30 Rattus Norvegicus. Rats were divided into three groups, each group consisted of 10 rats. Control group was given 594 chicken feed, first treatment group was given lard and second treatment group was given lard with red guava juice. Before being given treatment, five rats from each group were examined for their total cholesterol and the remaining five rats were given treatment for 14 days before total cholesterol were checked. Examination of total cholesterol by enzymatic colorimetry CHOD-PAP using blood from orbital vein of rats without fasting. Result: There were significant differences in total cholesterol of rats before and after treatment (P&lt;0.05) in each treatment group. In comparison of three groups that had given treatment, significant difference was found (P=0.005). Significant differences were also found in comparison of two groups, between first treatment group and second treatment group (P = 0.004), insignificant results were found in comparison of control group with first treatment group (P = 0.060), and comparison of control group with second treatment group. (P=0.299). Conclusion: There are differences in total cholesterol of rats, total cholesterol of rats in high-fat diet group with guava juice were lower than the high-fat diet group.

Effect of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Several studies have evaluated the lipid-lowering properties of yerba mate, although the results were conflicting. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effect of yerba mate consumption on lipid levels. A literature search was performed to detect observational and experimental studies that evaluated the association between yerba mate consumption and lipid levels. A quantitative analysis was performed with the subgroup of experimental studies. A meta-regression was performed considering the difference in baseline lipid values between the intervention and control groups as a covariate. Thirteen studies were considered eligible for this systematic review and seven studies (378 patients) were selected for quantitative analysis. In the qualitative analysis, the results were conflicting, both in the observational and in the experimental studies. In quantitative analysis, we found no differences in total cholesterol [mean difference 6.4 (CI 95% -2.2 to 15.0)], LDL-C [mean difference 5.5 (CI 95% - 1.5 to 12.6)], HDL-C [mean difference 0.4 (CI 95% -2.8 to 3.7)] and triglycerides [mean difference 5.7 (CI 95% 0.0 to 11.4)] levels when comparing the yerba mate and control groups. According to meta-regression, differences between baseline levels could influence the findings on total cholesterol and LDL-C but not on HDL-C or triglycerides. In conclusion, this research showed that yerba mate consumption was not associated with a significant change in lipid levels. Since the results are based on small inconclusive studies, more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Effectiveness of micronutrient rich supplement on the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome among reproductive age women

The incidence of PCOS the most common endocrinopathy has an alarming rise the recent years. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Nutrition intervention on reducing the Symptoms of PCOS in comparison to Nutrition education and Medication alone. The study was an Intervention among 93 women after systematic grouping of the subjects into three groups. The supplementation group received 30g of Nutritional supplement daily for 3 months, experimental group II received nutrition Education alone for three months and Control group was received allopathic medication. The mean age of the participants was 29.31±7.1. Nutrition intervention resulted in a significant reduction in weight, BMI, TSF body fat , waist circumference and hip circumference, total cholesterol levels , cholesterol to HDL ratio and total testosterone levels (p&lt;0.001). Between the groups the mean change in testosterone (M=0.145, SD=0.238) showed significant difference with education group (M=0.0023, SD=0.0646), difference was remarkable between Intervention and control group (M=-0.0147, SD=0.1167). The difference in total cholesterol, cholesterol to HDL ratio, waist circumference, and hip circumference indicated significant difference between the intervention and control group but no difference between intervention and education group.

Prevalence and Predictors of Insufficient Plasma Vitamin C in a Subtropical Region and Its Associations with Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of insufficient plasma vitamin C among adults in a subtropical region and its associations with cardiovascular disease risk factors including dyslipidemia and lipid-independent markers, namely homocysteine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipoprotein(a). Methods: Data of this retrospective cross-sectional study were extracted from electronic medical database of a Medical Center. Based on plasma vitamin C status, subjects were split into two groups—subjects with sufficient and insufficient plasma vitamin C levels (<50 µmol/L, ≤8.8 mg/L). Results: Prevalence of insufficient plasma vitamin C in 3899 adults was 39%. Multivariate logistic regression identified male gender, high body mass index, age 20–39, and winter/spring as independent predictors of insufficient vitamin C among all subjects. Greater proportions of subjects with insufficient plasma vitamin C had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and elevated levels of triglyceride, homocysteine and hs-CRP (all p < 0.001). There were no differences in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) between groups. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of insufficient plasma vitamin C in the subtropical region, which indicates that insufficient plasma vitamin C remains a public health issue. Further study is needed to confirm these findings and to determine the underlying mechanisms.

Association and gender difference analysis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and liver injury

Objective: To investigate the correlation and sex difference between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and liver injury. Methods: A total of 974 OSAHS patients (444 cases of mild to moderate, 530 cases of severe) and 111 cases of simple snoring in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital from November 2015 to September 2019 were included in the study. The basic information of the patients was obtained through face-to-face survey with self-made questionnaire, physical examination, sleep monitoring and blood biochemical and liver function index detection were carried out among the included subjects. Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between OSAHS and liver injury and the gender differences. Results: The subjects were (50±14) years old, including 841 males (77.5%). Statistically significant differences in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose, alamine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT/AST, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), the rate of elevated ALT, AST and liver injury were observed among the three groups (all P values<0.05). There was no significant difference in total bilirubin and ALP among all groups (all P values>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, severe OSAHS was positively correlated with liver injury [OR (95%CI): 2.25 (1.22-4.14)]. Subgroup analysis by gender showed that severe OSAHS was positively correlated with liver injury in males [OR (95%CI): 2.20 (1.04-4.65)], but not in females, mild to moderate OSAHS [OR (95%CI): 1.56 (0.52-4.71)] or severe OSAHS [OR (95%CI): 2.07(0.64-6.75)], after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: Severe OSAHS is positively correlated with liver injury in males, while female OSAHS is not associated with liver injury.

Effects of kefir on paraoxanase activity (PON1), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and serum lipid profiles in smokers and non-smokers

Some scientific evidence indicates that antioxidant-rich diets may prevent the negative effects of free radicals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of kefir consumption on paraxonase-1 (PON1) activity, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and serum lipid parameters in smokers and non-smokers. At baseline, PON1 activity, TAS, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were lower (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.05, respectively) whereas TOS, triglyceride (TG), and light-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were higher (all P<0.05) in smokers compared to non-smokers. There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (TC) levels between two groups (P>0.05). After 6-week of kefir consumption, PON1 and TAS values were significantly increased in smokers (both P<0.05) and non-smokers (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Kefir consumption did not have any significant effect on TOS, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, and TG values both in smokers (all P>0.05) and non-smokers (all P>0.05). Regular consumption of kefir increases the PON1 activity and TAS value in both smokers and non-smokers. It can be concluded that kefir plays an important role in favor of antioxidants in the formation of antioxidant/oxidant balance in both smokers and non-smokers.

Relationship between Different Degrees of Compression and Clinical Symptoms in Patients with Myocardial Bridge and the Risk Factors of Proximal Atherosclerosis.

Objective To explore the relationship between different degrees of compression and clinical symptoms in patients with the myocardial bridge and the risk factors of proximal atherosclerosis. Methods The clinical data of 156 patients with the myocardial bridge who underwent selective coronary angiography in our hospital from December 2010 to December 2015 were collected. The patients were divided into Noble grade I group (102 cases) and Noble grades II-III group (54 cases) according to the degree of mural coronary artery systolic stenosis. According to the results of coronary angiography, 156 patients with the myocardial bridge were divided into an atherosclerosis group (the myocardial bridge combined with atherosclerosis at the proximal end of the myocardial bridge of simple wall coronary artery), 91 cases, and a control group (isolated myocardial bridge), 65 cases. The relationship between different degrees of compression and clinical symptoms in patients with the myocardial bridge was observed, and the logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of proximal atherosclerosis in patients with the myocardial bridge. Results The incidence of atherosclerotic stenosis, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction in the proximal part of the myocardial bridge in the Noble grades II-III group was higher than that in the Noble grade I group (P < 0.05). The differences in age, hypertension, and Noble classification between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The differences of total cholesterol (TC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age, hypertension, Noble grade, and CRP were all risk factors for proximal atherosclerosis in patients with the myocardial bridge (P < 0.05). Conclusion The more severe the compression of the myocardial bridge, the greater the risk of cardiovascular events for patients and the higher the incidence of atherosclerotic stenosis in the proximal part of the myocardial bridge. In addition, the occurrence of atherosclerosis in the proximal coronary artery of the myocardial bridge may be affected by age, hypertension, Noble grade, and CRP level.

Triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol predict coronary heart disease risk in patients with stable angina

We assessed whether high triglycerides (TG) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, expressed by an increased TG/HDL-C ratio, predict coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) outcomes in patients with stable angina. We studied 355 patients (60 ± 9 years, 211 males) with stable angina who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), were managed clinically and followed for 4.5 ± 0.9 years. The primary composite outcome was all-cause mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction. At baseline, the proportion of males, patients with metabolic syndrome, diabetes and obstructive CAD increased across TG/HDL-C ratio quartiles, together with markers of insulin resistance, hepatic and adipose tissue dysfunction and myocardial damage, with no difference in total cholesterol or LDL-C. At follow-up, the global CTA risk score (HR 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.09, P = 0.001) and the IV quartile of the TG/HDL-C ratio (HR 2.85, 95% CI 1.30–6.26, P < 0.01) were the only independent predictors of the primary outcome. The TG/HDL-C ratio and the CTA risk score progressed over time despite increased use of lipid-lowering drugs and reduction in LDL-C. In patients with stable angina, high TG and low HDL-C levels are associated with CAD related outcomes independently of LDL-C and treatments.Trial registration. EVINCI study: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00979199, registered September 17, 2009; SMARTool study: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04448691, registered June 26, 2020.

Are patients recovering from Kawasaki disease at increased risk for accelerated atherosclerosis? A meta-analysis.

Recent studies have suggested that Kawasaki disease (KD) may cause endothelial dysfunction, which can potentially induce atherosclerosis. However, there is still no consensus on the relationship between KD and atherosclerosis. This article aimed to determine whether patients with a history of KD may be at increased risk for accelerated atherosclerosis via a meta-analysis. The PubMed, Embase, and SpringerLink databases were systematically searched. Studies on risk factors for atherosclerosis were included. A meta-analysis of case-control studies was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Twenty studies were included with a total of 1684 subjects (990 patients after KD and 694 controls). The meta-analysis showed that the level of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) (95% CI: 0.01, 0.03; P = 0.005) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (95% CI: 0.00, 0.10; P = 0.03) were significantly higher in patients after KD than controls, whereas flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) (95% CI: - 5.14, - 1.26; P = 0.001) in patients after KD was significantly lower. There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (TC) (95% CI: - 0.13, 5.92; P = 0.06), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (95% CI: - 0.65, 2.08; P = 0.31), or triglycerides (TG) (95% CI: - 1.94, 8.03; P = 0.23). Endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory processes may exist in patients with a history of KD, which are risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis.

The effects of curcumin as dietary supplement for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

This review aims to evaluate if there are clinical benefits of curcumin (CUR) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched to identify only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed CUR in patients with PCOS from inception to May 5, 2021. Five RCTs were included with a total of 296 patients, with 148 among the CUR groups and 148 patients among the control group. Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess the risk of bias, three RCTs provided a low risk of bias and two provided a high risk of bias. Compared with the control group, CUR was associated with a statistically significant improvement in the glycemic control including fasting blood glucose (MD=-3.67; 95% CI=[-5.25, -2.08], p< .00001), insulin level (MD=-1.91; 95% CI=[-2.97, -0.84], p= .0005), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (MD=-0.55; 95% CI=[-0.83, -0.27], p= .0001), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (MD=0.01; 95% CI=[0.00, 0.02], p= .0005). The mean difference in total cholesterol was also statistically significant (MD=-15.55; 95% CI=[-30.33, -0.76], p< .04). The rest of the secondary outcomes, including LDL, HDL, sex hormone, body weight, and CRP, were not statistically significant. This review concluded that among patients with PCOS, the use of CUR demonstrated a significant difference from the control group for glycemic control. Those findings suggest that CUR confers clinical benefits in patients with PCOS. However, due to the limited number of the included studies, further high-quality studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of the CUR.

Effect of Origanum dubium, Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, and Lavandula angustifolia essential oils on lipid profiles and liver biomarkers in athletes.

This study aims to determine the effects of essential oils of Origanum dubium (DUB), Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum (HIR), and Lavandula angustifolia (LAV) on lipid profiles and liver biomarkers in athletes. Thirty-four trained athletes were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups or the control group (CON). The concentrations of serum lipids and liver biomarkers were assessed before and after the 14-day essential oil intervention. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed 68.0 and 82.1% carvacrol in DUB and HIR, respectively, and 34.50% linalyl acetate and 33.68% linalool in LAV essential oils. One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated a significant difference (p=0.001) among the groups for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) when the associated preintervention values were used as a covariate. The related pairwise comparisons revealed that DUB (p=0.001) and HIR (p=0.024) had greater HDL-C values than CON. From the two-way ANOVA, an interaction between time (before vs. after) and the groups (DUB vs. HIR vs. LAV vs. CON) was found for HDL-C (p=0.030). Findings indicated a significant increase in DUB (p=0.0001) and HIR (p=0.010) for HDL-C, and there was a significant decrease in DUB (p=0.023) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, there was no difference in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and all liver biomarkers.

A retrospective study on the preventive effect of statin after carotid artery stenting.

This retrospective study appraised the preventive effect of statin after carotid artery stenting (CAS).Records were extracted for 100 patients with CAS surgery indicator, aged between 20 and 75 years old, and treated for statin. The cohort study included treatment group (statin and routine treatment) and control group (routine treatment), each group 50 patients. Outcomes consisted of degree of nerve defect (as measured by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale), lipid profiles (mg/dL), and CAS complications within 30 days after surgery.After treatment, there were no significant differences in National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, lipid profiles, and mortality rate between 2 groups. However, significant differences in total cholesterol (mg/dL, P = .03), low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL, P = .01), transient ischemic attack (P = .03), ischemic stroke (P = .04), and cardiac complications (P = .03) were identified within 30 days after CAS between 2 groups.The results of this study showed that prior statin treatment may be effective for the prevention of CAS complications.