Differences In Total Cholesterol Research Articles

Clinical analysis of sirolimus therapy in children with refractory nephrotic syndrome

To investigate the clinical efficacy of sirolimus in treating children with refractory nephrotic syndrome, the clinical data for 22 children from the Children's Hospital of Hebei Province were analyzed retrospectively. There were 16 boys and six girls, and the treatment period was from September 2015 to April 2021. There were two patients with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS), six patients with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS), and 14 patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). All patients were defined as having refractory nephrotic syndrome. There were 12 patients (including nine SRNS patients and three FRNS patients) with minimal change disease (MCD), three patients (three SRNS patients) with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS), one FRNS patient with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), and six patients without a kidney biopsy. Compared with levels before sirolimus treatment, 24-hour urine protein (24-h UP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), urea (Ur) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels were significantly lower (all p < 0.05). Moreover, albumin (Alb) was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and there were no significant differences in total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) (all p > 0.05) at the first follow-up. Sirolimus is effective as the first treatment of some children with refractory nephrotic syndrome, but its long-term efficacy and adverse reactions still require follow-up.

The efficacy and safety of GLP-1 agonists in PCOS women living with obesity in promoting weight loss and hormonal regulation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundThe efficacy of GLP1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) in treating polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear. While GLP1-RAs are known to promote weight loss in patients with diabetes and living with obesity, their impact on weight reduction and hormonal regulation in women with PCOS is understudied. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacy of GLP1-RAs in PCOS women living with obesity through a meta-analysis, comparing their effects to placebo. HypothesisThe use of GLP1-RAs in PCOS women living with obesity can reduce body mass index and waist circumference as well as improve hyperinsulinism, and hyperandrogenism as well as normalize total testosterone, total cholesterol and HOMA-IR markers in PCOS women living with obesity. MethodsWe systematically searched the PubMed, Cochrane Central, Scopus and Embase databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing GLP1-RAs versus placebo among women diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam Criteria. Our primary outcomes of interest included body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, waist circumference, total testosterone, total cholesterol, and HOMA-IR. We performed data extraction and quality assessment for studies that met the inclusion criteria. We pooled mean difference (MD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) with a random-effect model for continuous endpoints. ResultsWe included 176 participants from four RCTs. Semaglutide and Liraglutide were used in 23 (13 %) and 103 (58 %) participants, respectively. GLP1-RAs use was associated with a significant reduction in waist circumference (MD: −5.16 cm; 95 % CI: −6.11 to −4.21; p ˂ 0.00001), body mass index (BMI) (MD: −2.42; 95 % CI: −3.10 to −1.74; p ˂ 0.00001), serum triglycerides (MD: −0.20; 95 % CI: −0.30 to −0.11; p ˂ 0.00001) and total testosterone levels (MD: −1.33; 95 % CI: −2.55 to −0.12; p = 0.03) when compared to placebo. There was no significant difference in total cholesterol (MD: −0.04; 95 % CI: −0.10 to 0.01; p = 0.15) and HOMA-IR (MD: −0.30; 95 % CI: −0.92 to 0.32; p = 0.35) levels. Adverse events information was available for 112 patients, where 49 had light side effects such as nausea and abdominal pain. ConclusionThe use of GLP1-RAs demonstrates efficacy in reducing BMI, triglycerides, waist circumference and total testosterone. There was no significant difference in total cholesterol and HOMA-IR levels. These results signify its viability as a favourable treatment option for managing PCOS symptoms in women living with obesity.

Antidyslipidaemic evaluation of coagulin C and withacoagulin isolated from Withania coagulans (Stocks) dunal berries in hypertension induced secondary dyslipidemia in albino mice

Vascular diseases like hypertension has often been associated with dyslipidemia. Sustained elevated blood pressure for not less than four weeks develops gross irregularities inside arteriolar lumen. The pathological changes might be due to intimal arteriosclerotic thickening causing tapering of the structural narrowing along the arterioles. It might also be due to occurrence of irregular damage in the vascular structure from focal arteriolar constriction and lead to secondary dyslipidemia. The pharmacological intervention may lead to rectification and therapeutic benefit against dyslipidemia.The withanolides coagulin C and withacoagulin were isolated by flash chromatography from the extracts of Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal berries. The withanolides were characterized using 1H NMR and 13C NMR, UV and mass spectrometry and confirmed as coagulin C and withacoagulin. The oral toxicity of coagulin C and withacoagulin were investigated in albino mice followed by their antidyslipidemic activity with two dose levels i.e. 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/Kg p.o. This dyslipidemia was secondary to hypertension which was developed by DOCA salt model (25 mg/kg; s.c.+ 2% NaCl). Mice were administered dose of 10, 50 and 500 mg/kg coagulin C and withacoagulin orally for 28 days daily for sub-acute toxicity effect.Coagulin C and withacoagulin were found to be tolerated upto 2000 mg/kg p.o. during acute toxicity study in mice. Coagulin C and withacoagulin were claimed to possess No-Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOEL) at the dose of 500 mg/kg orally. The high dose (50 mg/Kg) withacoagulin has highly significant difference in total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL levels in comparison to disease control group along with highly significant difference in triglyceride and VLDL level compared to animals of vehicle control group. Coagulin C at both the low (25 mg/Kg) and high dose (50 mg/Kg) have highly significant difference in comparison to vehicle control, disease control and positive control in controlling total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and VLDL levels in the experimental animals indicating that coagulin C is not much as effective as withacoagulin in the normalization of altered lipid profile of the experimental animals.On the basis of spectroscopic analysis the isolated compounds from Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal berries were confirmed to be coagulin C and withacoagulin. Acute oral toxicity test in mice was found to have safe profile even at high dose for both the compounds. On development of secondary dyslipidemia due to DOCA salt induced hypertension in albino mice, both the isolated compounds showed different degree of correction in the altered lipid profile of the animals. Whereas withacoagulin has been found to have more significant and successful in controlling the altered lipid profile, coagulin C has only marginal effect. The docking studies also confirm the result and hence it can be suggested that withacoagulin is better than coagulin C in managing the alteration of lipid profile of the experimental mice.

Correlations Between the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Serum Lipid Fractions With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Introduction Age-related macular degeneration, a chronic and progressive disease, is one of the leading causes of vision loss globally among the elderly population. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed regarding its pathogenesis, including the presence of lipid metabolism alteration. Dysfunctional lipid handling within retinal pigment epithelial cells has been implicated in the accumulation of lipofuscin and subsequent induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, all contributing to retinal degeneration. The present study aims to comparatively analyze the serum lipid fractiondistributions in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and controls. Materials and methods A retrospective study was carried out between January 2021 and December 2023 on 91 naïve patients with neovascular AMD and 90 controlsadmitted for routine cataract surgery. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological exam, including ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) with central macular thickness (CMT) measurement. A complete blood count with differential and lipid fractions values was analyzed. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were comparatively analyzed between the control group and the test group. Results The groups were comparable in terms of age (73.84 ±7.52 years for the neovascular AMD group vs 72.1±10.92 years in controls; p=0.8) and gender distribution (p=0.243). The mean NLR and PLR values were slightly higher in the AMD groupbut not statistically significant (p=0.51, p>0.99, respectively). Comparative analysis of lipid profile fractions showed significantly higher HDL-C values in the exudative AMD group compared to normal subjects (61.27±19.4 mg/dL vs 50.99±7.86 mg/dL, p=0.006). Also, the proportion of subjects with HDL-C>60 mg/dL was higher in the exudative AMD group (p=0.014). There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (189.77±53.39 mg/dL vs 190.43±37.84 mg/dL, p=0.681), LDL-C, and TG. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum HDL-C and HDL-C values >60 mg/dL are significantly associated factors with neovascular AMD. However, there is no statistical correlation between the values of these biochemical parameters and visual acuity or CMT in the neovascular AMD patient group. Conclusions There were no correlations between NLR and PLR with neovascular AMD in the study group. Higher HDL-C valuesexceeding 60 mg/dL were associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and could represent a possible therapeutic target in neovascular AMD.

Do polyphenols affect body fat and/or glucose metabolism?

Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions with 51% of the population expected to be obese by 2030. Recently, polyphenols have been highlighted as an effective approach to managing obesity and associated risks. Polyphenols are a large class of bioactive plant compounds classified into two major categories: flavonoids which are distinguished by the fundamental C6-C3-C6 skeleton and non-flavonoids. This systematic review evaluated the effect of different polyphenol sources in overweight and obese people with and without type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome was lipid profile and the secondary outcomes were blood glucose, HbA1c (%), HOMA-IR, weight, and body mass index. A search was undertaken in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and Wiley for randomized control trials that assessed different sources of polyphenols in overweight and obese people with or without type 2 diabetes. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool. The search yielded 935 studies, of which six randomized control trials met the inclusion criteria. Five studies found no significant difference in lipid profile between the control and intervention groups in triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. However, one study showed significant differences in triglycerides (p = 0.04) and HDL cholesterol (p = 0.05) between the two groups with no significant difference in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. There were no significant changes in blood glucose observed in the included studies, with only two studies reporting a significant difference in A1c between the groups. Four studies found no difference in HOMA-IR, while one study showed a significant decrease in HOMA-IR in the intervention group compared to the control group. Three studies reported no difference in BMI or weight between the two groups. The data associated with the specific health benefits of polyphenols and their sources in people with overweight, obese, and type 2 diabetes are still limited, so further research is required to support their use and prove their benefits.

#456 Efficacy and safety of iptacopan in patients with primary IgA nephropathy: interim analysis results of the Phase 3 APPLAUSE-IgAN study

Abstract Background and Aims Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis. An unmet need for targeted disease-modifying treatments addressing its pathophysiology remains. There is compelling evidence for involvement of the alternative complement pathway (AP) in IgAN. Iptacopan binds to Factor B and specifically inhibits the AP. The APPLAUSE-IgAN trial is evaluating the efficacy and safety of iptacopan vs placebo, on top of optimized supportive therapy, in patients with IgAN. Here we present the results of the pre-specified interim analysis (IA) with a focus on the results for key subgroups. Method APPLAUSE-IgAN (NCT04578834), a Phase 3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, enrolled adults with biopsy-confirmed IgAN with proteinuria ≥1 g/g by urine−protein creatinine ratio from 24-hour urine collection (UPCR-24h) despite being on a stable dose of maximally tolerated renin-angiotensin-system inhibition (RASi) for 3 months, with or without other background therapy such as sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibition (SGLT2i). Patients were randomized 1:1 to iptacopan 200 mg or placebo twice daily for 24 months while remaining on stable supportive therapy. The primary objective of the prespecified IA was to demonstrate superiority of iptacopan vs placebo in reducing UPCR-24h at Month 9 (M9) in the main study population (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline). Subgroup analyses included baseline age, sex, Asia vs non-Asia region, proteinuria, eGFR, and SGLT2i use. Efficacy analyses were performed on the first 250 patients (n = 125 each for iptacopan and placebo) who reached the M9 visit or discontinued from the study. Safety analyses included all patients of the main population who had received treatment by the time of the IA (iptacopan, n = 222; placebo, n = 221). Results Baseline demographics and disease characteristics were similar between the two arms (Table) and indicative of patients at high risk of IgAN disease progression. Iptacopan was superior to placebo in reducing proteinuria, with reduction in UPCR-24h at M9 relative to baseline of 38.3% (95% CI: 26.0%, 48.6%; 1-sided p &amp;lt; 0.0001) vs placebo (Figure). Subgroup analyses showed that treatment effect consistently favoured iptacopan regardless of baseline age, sex, Asia vs non-Asia region, UPCR-24h or eGFR levels, or SGLT2i use as part of the supportive care (Figure). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 138 (62.2%) iptacopan vs 153 (69.2%) placebo patients, with the majority being of mild to moderate severity. Treatment-emergent serious AEs were reported in 18 (8.1%) and 11 (5.0%) patients in the iptacopan and placebo arms, respectively. TEAEs leading to treatment discontinuation occurred in 6 patients (2.7%) in each arm. No deaths were reported. Iptacopan treatment did not lead to clinically relevant differences in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum triglycerides compared with placebo. Conclusion APPLAUSE-IgAN, the first Phase 3 study confirming the relevance of the AP in IgAN, demonstrated superiority of iptacopan vs placebo, with a significant reduction in proteinuria at M9 (38.3%) that was consistent across key subgroups evaluated. Iptacopan was well tolerated with a favourable safety profile.

An analysis of the association between breast density and body mass index with breast cancer molecular subtypes in early breast cancer: data from a Spanish population

PurposeBreast cancer is an important health problem, like obesity and dyslipidemia, with a strong association between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer incidence and mortality. The risk of breast cancer is also high in women with high mammographic breast density (MBD). The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between BMI and MBD according to breast cancer molecular subtypes.MethodsThis transversal, descriptive, multicenter study was conducted at three Spanish breast cancer units from November 2019 to October 2020 in women with a recent diagnosis of early breast cancer. Data were collected at the time of diagnosis.ResultsThe study included 162 women with a recent diagnosis of early breast cancer. The median age was 52 years and 49.1% were postmenopausal; 52% had normal weight, 32% overweight, and 16% obesity. There was no association between BMI and molecular subtype but, according to menopausal status, BMI was significantly higher in postmenopausal patients with luminal A (p = 0.011) and HER2-positive (p = 0.027) subtypes. There was no association between MBD and molecular subtype, but there were significant differences between BMI and MBD (p < 0.001), with lower BMI in patients with higher MBD. Patients with higher BMI had lower HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001) and higher insulin (p < 0.001) levels, but there were no significant differences in total cholesterol or vitamin D.ConclusionsThis study showed higher BMI in luminal A and HER2-positive postmenopausal patients, and higher BMI in patients with low MBD regardless of menopausal status.

LOWER PEAK ATRIAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN VALUES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare features of left atrium remodeling in young patients with arterial hypertension (HTN) according to metabolic health status Design and method: We enrolled 83 young subjects (23 [21; 25] years, 87% males) with HTN diagnosed with office blood pressure (BP) measurement and 24-hours ambulatory BP monitoring according to ESC guidelines criteria (2018). Patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases were not included. We performed routine clinical examination and lab tests and two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Patients were divided in two subgroups according to their relation to median of left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) in general population (Nielsen AB. et al., 2021. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jeab201). We estimated and compared main clinical characteristics of obesity and lipid and carbohydrates metabolism including HOMA-IR and non-insulin-based metabolic scores for insulin resistance in derived subgroups with T-test. Results: Groups had similar age, sex and BP structure. Subjects with LASr less than 39,4% (n = 48) had higher body mass index (27,2±5,0 vs 24,1±3,7, p=0,0041), waist circumference (93,4±14,0 vs 83,0±10,7, p=0,001) and waist-to-hips ratio (0,90±0,07 vs 0,84±0,07, p=0,0007). Characteristics of lipid metabolism also varied in 2 groups: in lower LASr subgroup triglycerides concentration was higher (1,53±1,06 vs 0,81±0,28, p=0,0005) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) was lower (1,18±0,28 vs 1,55±0,53, p=0,0003) while there was no significant difference in total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins levels. Fasting glucose and HOMA-IR did not differ between the groups but significant differences were observed for non-insulin-based metabolic scores: in lower LASr group METS-IR, TG/HDL ratio and TyG index were higher (41,6±9,25 vs 33,0±6,4, p&lt;0,0001; 3,38±2,94 vs 1,34±0,68, p=0,0004 and 8,55±0,60 vs 8,02±0,30, p&lt;0,0001, respectively). In reverse stepwise regression model for the general group LASr were independently associated with the level of left ventricular ejection fraction, DBP24h, METS-IR index, while the relationship with the HDL-C, SBP24h, relative wall thickness, E/e’ were lost (METS-IR index and HDL-C were included after checking the collinearity). Conclusions: young patients with HTN with lower LASr have worse metabolic status estimated with non-insulin-based metabolic scores and obesity characteristics.

ASSESSMENT OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS’ COMPLEX METABOLIC STATUS IN THE NORTHEASTERN REGION OF HUNGARY USING DATA MINING METHODS

Objective: Previously, the metabolic status of Central and Eastern European hypertensive adult patients has not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, we aimed to identify the prevalence of hypertension and its associated metabolic abnormalities in a relatively large adult population using data mining methods. Design and method: We analyzed the data of adults who visited the University of Debrecen Clinical Center’s hospital (n = 937,249) by evaluating a period of 20 years (2001-2021). Results: We identified a total of 292,561 adults with hypertension (male/female: 45.4/54.6%), with a 31.2% calculated prevalence of hypertension in the whole study population and a higher prevalence in males (33%) compared to females (29.9%). We found an increasing prevalence in consecutive age groups both in males and females up to the age of 80. The ratio of males with hypertension was higher from 18 to 65 years of age. Markedly higher body mass index (BMI) values were found in hypertensive patients as compared to non-hypertensives (29.5±6.3 vs. 26.57±5.6 kg/m2, p&lt;0.001). A significantly higher triglyceride level was found in hypertensive adults compared to non-hypertensives (1.46 (1.06–2.07) vs. 1.19 (0.82–1.73 mmol/L, p&lt;0.001). We could not find significant differences in total cholesterol and LDL-C levels in the entire patient population (5.1±1.2 vs. 5.0±1.2 mmol/L and 3.1±0.99 vs. 3.1±1.0 mmol/L, respectively). Significantly higher serum glucose levels (5.8 (5.2–6.9) vs. 4.7 (4.6–5.8) mmol/L, p&lt;0.001) were found in subjects with hypertension. Significantly higher urea and creatinine levels were found in hypertensive patients compared to normotensives (5.78 (4.6–7.5) vs. 4.6 (3.7–5.7) mmol/L, p&lt;0.001 and 76 (64–92) vs. 69 (59–81) μmol/L, p&lt;0.001, respectively). Furthermore, we also assessed the rate of significant concomitant diseases in our hypertensive population. Conclusions: The results proved that data mining is an excellent yet not-too-widespread method used to define prevalence in large patient cohorts. This novel way of statistical analysis could be beneficial not only for regional clinical practice but nationwide strategies as well.

The Effect of Dangke on Changes in Total Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in Obesity White Rats

Background: Obesity is the excessive accumulation of fat in the body which disrupts health with the risk of metabolic system disorders in the form of increased cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. The prevalence of obesity in Makassar City is 24.05%, which is the highest prevalence in South Sulawesi. Dangke contains Lactic Acid Bacteria in the form of probiotics which have the ability to anti-inflammatory mechanisms and fat metabolism in the body. Purpose: To determine the effect of dangke on changes in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in obese white rats. Method: Pure experimental research design with Pre Post Randomized Clinical Trial Design. Data analysis used the independent T test/Mann-Whitney test and paired T test/Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with a value of &lt;0.05. Results: Comparison of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels before and after intervention in the control group showed p-values of 0.12 and 0.01, meaning there was no significant change in cholesterol and there was a significant change in triglycerides. Comparison of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels before and after intervention in the dangke group p-values were 0.47 and 0.12, meaning there was no significant change in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The difference in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels before the intervention in the control and dangke groups showed p-values of 0.37 and 0.78, meaning there was no significant change in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The difference in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels after intervention in the control and dangke groups obtained p-values of 0.38 and 0.32, which means there was no significant change in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Conclusion: There was no significant change in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the control and dangke groups when given dangke, but there was a tendency to decrease total cholesterol and triglyceride levels after the intervention in the dangke group.

Biological assessment of the omega-3 status after omega-3 enriched dietary during an active seasonal performance on soccer players

BackgroundTo assess the physiological change of blood fatty acid composite during the seasonal performance of soccer players with omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid balanced dietary supplementation.MethodsThis study included 20 healthy and trained male soccer players. During the study, data collection was performed three times (pre-, mid-, post-season). Anthropometric data collection and blood sampling for the assessment of the omega index were performed. The mid- and post-seasonal data were compared with baseline data collected before the starting season (pre-seasonal data).ResultsElevated levels of omega-3, HS-omega, and trans fatty acid were observed in both the mid- and post-seasonal data. During the season, the levels of omega-6/omega-3 and saturated fatty acid decreased, whereas there were no differences in total cholesterol, cholesterol LDL, HDL, BUN/Cr, HbA1c (NGSP), and cystatin C.Conclusionsn-3 PUFA-enriched dietary supplementation might alter blood omega-3 indices in soccer players during the season.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of serum lipid concentrations in people with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most prevalent chromosomal disorder, being the leading cause of intellectual disability. The increased life expectancy of individuals with DS has led to a shift in the incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases, resulting in new concerns, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to analyse the blood lipid profile of a large DS cohort to establish a baseline for evaluating health risk parameters. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases to identify original articles published before July 2022. Selected studies were included in the meta-analysis. Fifteen studies reporting serum lipid levels in individuals with DS were incorporated into the analysis. The meta-analysis used the means and standard deviations extracted from the selected studies. The analysis encompassed 671 participants in the DS group and 898 euploid controls. The results indicated significant differences in total cholesterol [C] (mean difference [MD]: -3.34; CI: 95%: -4.94 to -1.73; P<0.0001), HDL-C (MD: -3.39; CI: 95%: -6.72 to -0.06; P=0.05) and triglycerides (MD: 21.48; CI: 95%: 9.32 to 33.65; P=0.0005) levels between individuals with DS and their control counterparts. Individuals with DS have less favourable blood lipid concentrations than their controls, particularly HDL-C, triglycerides, and total-C, even when grouped by age. These findings underscore the importance of closer monitoring of lipid profiles in people with DS and the necessity for specific cut-offs for this population, considering the risk for ischemic heart and Alzheimer's diseases.

Effects of Whole-Plant Corn Silage on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, and Fecal Microorganisms in Hezuo Pigs.

In this study, we investigated the effects of the dietary inclusion of different proportions of whole-plant corn silage on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, and intestinal microorganisms in Hezuo pigs. Thirty-two two-month-old Hezuo pigs (body weight: 7.88 ± 0.81 kg) were randomly divided into four groups of eight pigs (half male, half female) each. The control (CON) group received a basal diet, while the three experimental groups were fed the basal diet, part of which had been replaced with 5%, 10%, and 15% whole-plant corn silage, respectively. The experiment lasted for 127 days, including 7 days of pre-testing and 120 days of formal testing. At the end of the experiment, blood and fecal samples were collected. Compared with the CON group, the feed-to-gain ratio was significantly lower in the 10% test group (p < 0.05), whereas the total protein, albumin, triglyceride, and glucose contents were significantly higher (p < 0.05). No significant differences in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were observed among the groups (p > 0.05). The addition of whole-plant corn silage to the diet significantly increased alpha diversity in the pig gut based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The principal coordinate analysis results showed significant clustering of the different groups (p < 0.05). At the phylum level, the addition of whole-plant corn silage to the diet significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Firmicutes and significantly increased (p < 0.05) that of Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Streptococcus significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing silage supplementation levels, whereas species diversity significantly increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 10% is the recommended inclusion ratio for whole-plant corn silage in the diets of pigs.

Correlation between lipid levels at different stages of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome and complications.

To explore correlation between lipid levels at different stages of pregnancy and outcomes and complications of pregnancy. The clinical data of 1000 parturients were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of perinatal complications was counted, and the blood lipid levels of pregnant women with and without complications during pregnancy were compared. Additionally, the pregnancy outcomes of women with different lipid levels were compared. There were statistically significant differences in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels among early, mid, and late pregnancy (all P < 0.05). Single-factor analysis showed that TG in the complication group was higher than that of the non-complication group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower (both P < 0.05). Dyslipidemia was detected in 932 (95.20%) of cases in the complication group and 19 (90.48%) cases in the non-complication group, with no significant difference between the groups (P=0.630). There was also no significant difference in the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome between the dyslipidemia and non-dyslipidemia groups (P=0.396). Multifactor analysis showed that TC, TG, HDL, and LDL-C in the first, second, or third trimesters were not risk factors for complications or adverse pregnancy outcome (P > 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy had no significant correlation with the number of complications (First trimester: r=0.099, 0.146, -0.106, 0.137; Second trimester: r=0.027, 0.152, -0.102, 0.009; Third trimester: r=0.031, 0.191, -0.064, -0.056). The serum lipid levels of pregnant women increased significantly in the second and third trimesters. However, there was no correlation between these elevated serum lipid levels and pregnancy complications or adverse outcome.

Elucidating APOE4‐dependent cholesterol dysregulation in endolysosomes related to Alzheimer’s disease biology

AbstractBackgroundAberrant cholesterol processing may be the missing link in the biology of AD, and in our understanding of AD etiology. APOE4 is a major genetic risk factor for AD, and a key player in cholesterol metabolism in the brain. Previous research from our group has shown that APOE4 is related to increased lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in human iPSC‐astrocytes, and altered endolysosomal morphology has been observed in the entorhinal cortex (EC) of aged APOE4 mice. However, it is unclear how endolysosomal cholesterol mistrafficking changes with age.MethodTherefore, we studied endolysosomal cholesterol accumulation in middle (15‐16month) and old age (25‐26month) old mice, enabling us to study these processes already in mid‐life. We used brain sections of humanized APOE mice, looking at different brain regions to study regional vulnerability and temporal progression. Cholesterol was labeled using the novel and highly specific D4H probe, enabling its quantification within the endolysosomal system using immunohistochemistry. Cholesterol and endolysosomal markers were quantified and colocalized using Cellprofiler.ResultOlder APOE4 mice showed an increase of total cholesterol in their brain, and specifically an increase of lysosomal cholesterol. Middle aged mice did not show a difference in total cholesterol, however, there was a specific decrease in early endosomal (EE) and late endosomal (LE) cholesterol only in the entorhinal cortex (EC) of female APOE3 mice, while lysosomal cholesterol was increased in this group (APOE4 and APOE2 showed similar levels). The EE and LE cholesterol differences were specific to neurons, but not the lysosomal cholesterol increase, indicating that non‐neuronal cells play a role. Another striking finding was the increase of neuronal EE cholesterol in the EC of middle aged APOE3 male vs female mice, whereas the reverse was seen in APOE4 brain tissue.ConclusionAltogether these results indicate that endolysosomal cholesterol is a dynamic process throughout aging, which may play and active role in AD biology. There is a noticeable shift from EE and EL cholesterol changes in midlife, to lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in older age, which are APOE‐genotype dependent. Notably, the EC specifically of female mice show the most variable endolysosomal cholesterol levels, and may be involved in increased vulnerability to pathology.

Potential impact of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the postoperative outcomes of chronic subdural hematoma patients: multi-institutional study in Korea

BackgroundChronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common clinical situation in neurosurgical practice, but the optimal treatment option is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cholesterol-lowering medications on and how they affected the prognoses of CSDH patients.MethodsIn this multi-institutional observational study performed in Korea, data from recently treated CSDH patients were gathered from 5 hospitals. A total of 462 patients were collected from March 2010 to June 2021. Patient clinical characteristics, history of underlying diseases and their treatments, radiologic features, and surgical outcomes were analyzed.ResultsSeventy-five patients experienced recurrences, and 62 had reoperations after the initial burr hole surgery. Among these, 15 patients with recurrences and 12 with reoperations were taking cholesterol-lowering medications. However, the use of medications did not significantly affect recurrence or reoperation rates (P = 0.350, P = 0.336, respectively). When analyzed by type of medication, no clinically relevant differences in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were identified. The combination of a statin drug and ezetimibe significantly elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (P = 0.004). TC, LDL-C, and TG levels did not significantly affect patient prognoses. However, HDL-C levels and recurrence (odds ratio (OR) = 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94–0.99; p = 0.010) were negatively correlated. An HDL-C level of 42.50 mg/dL was identified as the threshold for recurrence and reoperation.ConclusionsIn this study, using cholesterol-lowering medications did not significantly impact the prognosis of patients who underwent surgical management for a chronic subdural hematoma. However, the findings showed that the higher the HDL-C level, the lower the probability of recurrence and reoperation.

Abstract 12350: The Impact of an Electronic Best Practice Advisory on Patients’ Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Profile

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is one of eight components of cardiovascular health and it is associated with numerous benefits including a lower risk of CVD. Promoting PA to sedentary patients in primary care can result in significant improvements in PA. The aims of this study were to implement a PA counseling intervention using an electronic best practice advisory (BPA), in a preventive cardiology clinic, and to assess changes in PA and CVD risk factors in a sample of patients enrolled in 12 weeks of PA monitoring. Methods: Patients were assessed with the 3-question (days/minutes/intensity) physical activity vital sign (PAVS) via their electronic patient portal prior to an office visit. Those who self-reported less than 50% of current PA recommendations prompted a BPA to their cardiologist to counsel them on improving their PA. Patients were then offered participation in remote patient monitoring wearing a Fitbit for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, waist circumference, lipids, BMI, PA (using the PAVS and Fitbit step-counts) and the six-minute walk test (for cardiorespiratory fitness) were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. Paired t -tests assessed for changes in these CVD risk factors from baseline to 12 weeks. We calculated the percent of participants who achieved a clinically important difference of 25 meters in the six-minute walk test. Results: The enrolled sample (n=59) were primarily female (51%), White adults (76%) with a mean age of 61.13±11.6 years. There was significant improvement in moderate-to-vigorous PA as self-reported by the PAVS (43±86 vs. 114±157, p=.005). There was no significant difference between week 2 step counts (baseline) and week 12 (p=.07). There was significant improvement in the distance covered (in meters) during the six-minute walk test (469±108 vs. 494±132, p=.0034) and 23 participants (42%) improved at least 25 meters. There were also significant differences in total cholesterol (163±51 mg/dl at baseline vs. 148±45mg/dl at 12 weeks; p=.0.02). No other improvements in CVD risk factors were noted. Conclusion: Patients who reported low PA and triggered a BPA for PA counseling had improvements in some, but not all, CVD risk factors. Additional counseling may be needed to improve and maintain PA levels in patients at risk of CVD.

Effects of soda water on blood lipid and metabolic profiling of urine in hyperlipidemia rats using UPLC/Triple-TOF MS

The effects of a natural soda water (Shi Han Quan, SHQ) on hyperlipidemia and the changes of urine metabolic profiling by metabolomics techniques were investigate. Thirty six Wistar rats weighing 160–200 g were divided into control group, hyperlipidemia (HL) group, and hyperlipidemia + SHQ water (SHQ) group. The metabolites in urine were determined using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC/Triple-TOF MS). At the end of 1 month and 3 months, the total glyceride (TG) level was significantly lower in SHQ group compared to HL group. There was no significantly difference in total cholesterol (TC) levels in HL group compared with SHQ group. The results showed that dinking SHQ water can improve the TG, but with no effects on TC. After drinking SHQ water for 3 months, the rats in different groups could be classified into different clusters according to the metabolites in urine. Total 15 important metabolites were found and correlated with disturbance of amino acid, phospholipid, fatty acid and vitamin metabolism, which suggested the changes of metabolism in the body and possible mechanism by which SHQ improved the TG. These findings provide a new insight for the prevention and control of hyperlipidemia.

Relationship between Dry Eye Disease and Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review.

Dyslipidemia has been suggested to be associated with the occurrence of dry eye disease (DED). However, whether dyslipidemia is responsible for the development of DED remains unclear. In this systematic review, we explored the relationship between DED and dyslipidemia by using quantitative data. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and obtained six relevant studies. Our findings indicated that the majority of the selected studies reported a statistically significant association between dyslipidemia and DED, particularly in women. However, our quantitative analysis revealed that only two studies reported statistically significant differences in total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values. No statistically significant differences exist in the majority of lipid profile parameters between individuals with and without DED, but there is a statistically significant association between dyslipidemia and DED.

Analysis of Fecal Microbiota in Patients with Hypertension Complicated with Ischemic Stroke.

Ischemic stroke is a disease with a very high incidence in the clinic, and hypertension is the most important variable risk factor of ischemic stroke. Studies have shown that intestinal microbes are involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases. This study aims to explore whether intestinal microbes play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke in a hypertensive population. In this study, the inpatients in the Department of Neurology and Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University in April 2021 were selected, including seven patients with hypertension complicated with ischemic stroke and only seven patients with hypertension. After collecting the stool samples of patients, the gene sequence of the samples was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing technology, and the double-ended 2 × 150bp sequencing was carried out. After sequencing, the results were analyzed by diversity analysis, species difference analysis, species function difference analysis, and other bioinformatics tests. According to the test results, serum proteomics and biochemical blood tests were carried out to verify. There was no significant difference in α diversity and β diversity between hypertension complicated with the cerebral infarction and hypertension groups. LEfSe analysis showed that at the genus level, compared with the hypertension group, Bacteroides, UCG_009, and Eisenbergiella had significantly increased relative abundance. The genera with relatively significantly reduced abundance are Ruminococcus_gnavus_group, Sutterellaceae, Burkholderia, and Prevotella and the LDA score of Prevotella is < - 4, which indicates that there are significant differences. Compared with the blood biochemical indexes, the results showed that the level of APOA1 in hypertensive patients with ischemic stroke was significantly higher than that in hypertensive patients (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in total cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein B (APOB), and free fatty acid (NEFA). Proteomic analysis showed that there were 89 up-regulated genes and 51 down-regulated genes in the serum of the two groups, and the expression of APOC2 and APOC3 in the cerebral infarction group with hypertension was significantly higher than that in the hypertension group (p < 0.05). The intestinal diversity of patients with hypertension complicated with stroke is similar to that of patients with hypertension, but there are differences in microbiota, among which Prevotella is the most significant. Prevotella could affect lipid metabolism so that APOC2 and APOC3 in the blood are significantly increased, leading to cerebral artery atherosclerosis and, finally, ischemic stroke. This provides a new idea for preventing and treating ischemic stroke in patients with hypertension, but the mechanism of Prevotella acting on apolipoprotein needs further verification by basic medical research.