Dietary Risk Assessment Research Articles

Targeted review of maximum residue levels (MRLs) for diazinon.

In accordance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) 396/2005, EFSA received a request from the European Commission to review the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the non-approved active substance diazinon in view of the possible lowering of the MRL. EFSA investigated the origin of the current EU MRLs. For existing EU MRLs that reflect previously authorised uses in the EU, or that are based on obsolete Codex MRLs, or import tolerances that are not required any longer, EFSA proposed the lowering to the limit of quantification. EFSA performed an indicative chronic and acute dietary risk assessment for the revised list of MRLs to allow risk managers to take the appropriate decisions. For some commodities, further risk management discussions are required to decide which of the risk management options proposed by EFSA should be implemented in the EU MRL legislation.

Dissipation kinetics, decontamination, consumer risk assessment and monitoring of flonicamid and imidacloprid residues in capsicum under open field and polyhouse condition.

Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based detection of flonicamid, imidacloprid and 6-chloronicotinic acid residues was validated and analysed in capsicum fruit, processed products and soil. The standard concentrations (0.0025 to 0.25 μg mL-1) of insecticides had a good linear curve (r2>0.99). Limit of detection and limit of quantification values were 0.0025 and 0.01 mg kg-1, respectively. The accuracy (80.53 to 100.33 %) of capsicum matrices and soil (89.41 to 100.52 %) and precision (RSD <10%) were established. Dissipation of imidacloprid (20 and 40 g a.i. ha-1) and flonicamid (75 and 150 g a.i. ha-1) at single (X) and double dose (2X) was studied under open field and polyhouse conditions. Under open field conditions, the flonicamid and imidacloprid residues persisted with half-life of 1.98, 2.90 days (X) and 2.80, 3.14 (2X) days, respectively. While under polyhouse conditions, the flonicamid and imidacloprid residues persisted with a half-life of 2.84, 3.66 (X) and 3.24, 3.97 (2X) days, respectively. The metabolite, 6-CNA, was not detected in any samples under open field and polyhouse condition. Among decontamination treatments, cooking in boiling water for 10 minutes reduced 78 to 81.60 percent of imidacloprid and flonicamid residues in both doses. The estimated dietary risk assessment of imidacloprid and flonicamid residues (RQ <1) indicated that the risk is within the acceptable limit. In farmgate capsicum samples, residues of flonicamid (7 samples) and imidacloprid (11 samples) were detected. Market samples of capsicum products (powder, flakes and sauce) were not detected with residues of selected insecticides.

Safety Evaluation of Chlorantraniliprole in Lychee Based on Residue and Dietary Risk Assessment.

This report presents the development of a highly effective method employing high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to investigate chlorantraniliprole's dissipation, risk assessment, and residue distribution in whole lychee fruit and its pulp. Mean recoveries of the samples ranged from 80 to 105%, exhibiting a relative standard deviation (RSD) of below 8%. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for lychee and pulp were determined as 0.001 mg/kg, and half-lives (t1/2) ranged from 8.0 to 12.2 days. Terminal residue concentrations in whole litchi and pulp were determined as 0.008-0.45 mg/kg and ≤0.001 mg/kg. These residues were treated twice and thrice at two different dosage levels with pre-harvest intervals (PHIs) of 7, 14, and 21 days. The potential chronic risk posed by chlorantraniliprole to humans was non-negligible, as indicated by the risk quotient (RQ) value not exceeding 1. Therefore, this study provides significant fresh data about the safe application of chlorantraniliprole in the production of lychee, which will help China develop maximum residual limits (MRLs).

Terminal Residue and Dietary Risk Assessment of Atrazine and Isoxaflutole in Corn Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Isoxaflutole and atrazine are representative pesticides for weed control in corn fields. Formulations containing these two pesticides have been registered in China, and their residues may threaten food safety and human health. In this study, a method for simultaneous determination of isoxaflutole, atrazine, and their metabolites in fresh corn, corn kernels, and corn straw was established based on modified QuEChERS pre-treatment and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The linearity of seven compounds was good (R2 ≥ 0.9912), and the matrix effect was 48.5-77.1%. At four spiked levels of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.5 mg kg-1, all compounds' average recovery was 76% to 116%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 18.9%. Field experiments were conducted in Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Beijing, and Yunnan provinces to study the terminal residues. The terminal residues of all compounds were below the LOQ (0.01 mg kg-1) in fresh corn and corn kernels, and atrazine residues in corn straw ranged from <0.05 mg kg-1 to 0.17 mg kg-1. Finally, a dietary risk assessment was conducted based on residues from field trials, food consumption, and acceptable daily intake (ADI). For all populations, the chronic dietary risk probability (RQc) of atrazine was between 0.0185% and 0.0739%, while that of isoxaflutole was 0.0074-0.0296%, much lower than 100%. The results may provide scientific guidance for using isoxaflutole and atrazine in corn field ecosystems.

Degradation dynamics, residues, processing factors, and dietary risk assessment of bisultap in citrus by LC-MS/MS.

Citrus leaf miners are a common pest harming citrus production and quality during citrus planting. During the citrus plant's growth phase, bisultap formulation was frequently used to boost yield and produce fruit of high quality. However, research on citrus's dietary risk assessment for bisultap residues, dissipation and residues is lacking. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to develop an accurate and sensitive analytical method for derivatizing bisultap into nereistoxin in whole fruit, pulp and peel. At various levels of addition, the mean recovery of bisultap ranged from 84.64% to 111.09% with a reasonable relative RSD (< 20%). The half-lives in Guangxi and Guizhou were 3.96 and 6.03 days, respectively. After 14-21 days of bisultap application, total residues (bisultap and its metabolite nereistoxin) in the whole fruit were from < 0.02 to 0.228 mg kg-1 in the four experiment sites. Total residue (bisultap and nereistoxin, expressed by bisultap) in whole fruit was approximately 1.05-7.23 times that of pulp. The washing process with tap water removed 85.71% to 98.78% of the bisultap residue in the whole fruit. Bisultap's risk assessment value in citrus was in the range 0.16-1.28%. In the whole citrus fruit, bisultap degrades rapidly. Bisultap residues primarily accumulate on citrus peels, and so washing and peeling citrus may effectively remove bisultap residues. For various age groups, the chronic dietary risk of bisultap was acceptable. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Pharmacokinetics, withdrawal period and risk assessment of enrofloxacin in the northern snakehead (Channa argus) following bath administration.

Enrofloxacin (ENR) is widely used in aquaculture practice, but little is known about its pharmacokinetic, withdrawal period and dietary risk in fish via bath administration. The purpose of this study was to provide data support for the use of ENR bath therapy in the northern snakehead (Channa argus). The pilot study was carried out to evaluate the therapy concentrations of ENR in northern snakehead with immersion concentrations ranged from 5 to 40 mg/L for 6 h. Based on results of the pilot study, an ENR immersion concentration of 20 mg/L was used for the formal experiment. At this dose, the peak concentrations of ENR in plasma, muscle plus skin, liver and kidney were 4.85, 4.55, 3.87 and 7.42 μg/mL (or g), respectively. According to the AUC0-∞ values, the distribution of ENR in northern snakehead followed the order of kidney > plasma > liver > muscle + skin. The elimination of ENR in northern snakehead was very slow, the half-lives (T1/2λz ) were up to 90.31, 85.5, 104.56 and 120.9 h in plasma, muscle plus skin, liver and kidney, respectively. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) was not detected in any samples in the pilot study and was only occasionally detected in muscle plus skin and liver samples in formal experiment. Based on the calculated PK/PD index AUC/MIC and Cmax /MIC, the current bath treatment regimen will have a good therapeutic effect on infections caused by bacteria with MIC below 0.6 μg/mL. The dietary risk assessment suggested that there was a dietary risk (Hazard Quotients > 10%) until day 6 after bath treatment. It is mandatory for ENR to maintain a withdrawal period of at least 450°C-day in northern snakehead after bath treatment ceased.

Dietary risk assessment of pesticide residues in cowpeas from Hainan province of China

This study aims to provide insights into the current status of pesticide residue contamination in Hainan province and to develop food safety regulations for controlling the excessive use of pesticides on cowpea. First, to assess the dietary exposure risks of pesticide residues in Hainan cowpea, more than 340 pesticides in 80 different fresh cowpea samples were investigated by HPLC-Q-TOF/MS/MS. Further, to indicate the health hazards of pesticide residues on consumers, the index of food safety (IFS) and risk coefficient (R) that stand for cumulative and simultaneous effects of different pesticides were calculated. A total of 56 kinds of pesticides were found in all 80 cowpea samples, and the positive rate was as high as 71 % in all samples. The results showed that the detectable rate of pesticide residues in cowpea samples were 100 % (80/80), and over 56 pesticides were detected to exceed the detection limits. In terms of IFS (<1), the safety risk of Hainan cowpeas is acceptable, but the R values of carbendazim and other 11 kinds of pesticide residues is much higher than safety level (R>1.5). These findings indicate a potential high risk of pesticide residues in Hainan cowpea, which reflect the importance of continuous monitoring and daily supervision of cowpea in Hainan.

Dissipation, residue and dietary risk assessment of difenoconazole in Rosa roxburghii

Rosa roxburghii is a medicinal and edible plant, which is favored by consumers due to its rich vitamin C content. Residues and potential health risks of difenoconazole in the R. roxburghii ecosystem has aroused a concern considering its extensive use for controlling the powdery mildew of R. roxburghii. In this study, the residue of difenoconazole in R. roxburghii and soil was extracted by acetonitrile, purified by primary secondary amine and detected by liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The average recoveries in R. roxburghii and soil matrix varied from 82.59% to 99.63%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.14%–8.23%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) of difenoconazole in R. roxburghii and soil samples were 0.01 mg/kg. The dissipation of difenoconazole followed well the first-order kinetic, with a half-life of 3.99–5.57 d in R. roxburghii and 4.94–6.23 d in soil, respectively. And the terminal residues were <0.01–2.181 mg/kg and 0.014–2.406 mg/kg, respectively. The chronic and acute risk quotient values of difenoconazole were respectively 0.42% and 4.1%, which suggests that the risk was acceptable and safe to consumers. This study provides a reference for the safe and reasonable use of difenoconazole in R. roxburghii production.

Targeted risk assessment of maximum residue levels for nicotine in spices.

In accordance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA received a mandate from the European Commission to perform a targeted risk assessment of maximum residue levels (MRLs) for nicotine in spices. EFSA performed the acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) dietary risk assessment considering the nicotine exposure via residues in spices at the level equal to the temporary maximum residue level (tMRL) of 0.3 mg/kg as proposed by the European Commission based on the new monitoring data provided. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the tMRL for the group of spices of 0.3 mg/kg is unlikely to pose a risk to consumer health.

Impact of technological processes on tebuconazole reduction in selected cereal species and the primary cereal product, and dietary exposure assessment.

Contamination of cereals with tebuconazole (TEB) can affect the dietary risk assessment. This study investigates, for the first time, how mechanical, thermal, physical-chemical, and biochemical processes affect the TEB level in wheat, rye, and barley. The biochemical process of malting was the most effective for tebuconazole reduction (by 86%) in cereals. Thermal processes were also effective, i.e., boiling (70%) and baking (55%). These processes considerably decreased the concentration of tebuconazole, and Procesing Factors (PFs) were from 0.10 to 0.18 (malting), 0.56 to 0.89 (boiling), and 0.44 to 0.45 (baking), respectively. The concentration of TEB was not reduced after the application of mechanical processing. The risk was estimated in dietary exposure assessment on the basis of the highest reported levels of tebuconazole residues bread. At a high level of rye bread consumption, the potential exposure to tebuconazole reached only 3.5% and 2.7% in children and adults, respectively.

Residue determination and dietary risk assessment of mesotrione, nicosulfuron, atrazine and its four metabolites in maize in China

IntroductionTo improve maize yield in China, multiple herbicides have been simultaneously applied to control more weeds. However, this combined application raises concerns about potential residues and their subsequent risks to human health. Therefore, evaluating the residues and dietary risk of new herbicide formulations is critical for the sustainability of maize production.MethodsUsing UHPLC-MS/MS, we developed quick methods for the determination of residues of mesotrione, nicosulfuron, atrazine and its four metabolites with acceptable accuracy and precision. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.01 mg/kg for mesotrione and atrazine-desethyl-desopropyl, and 0.005 mg/kg for nicosulfuron, atrazine, 6-deisopropyl atrazine, 2 hydroxyatrazine, and deethylatrazine. Field trials were conducted at 12 different locations in China. And the risk quotient (RQ) model was used to evaluate the chronic risk of residues of these herbicides.ResultsThe residues of straw samples were in the ranges of &amp;lt;0.01 mg/kg for mesotrione, &amp;lt;0.005–0.010 mg/kg for nicosulfuron, and &amp;lt;0.037–0.254 mg/kg for accumulated atrazine. In green straw, the observed ranges were &amp;lt;0.01 mg/kg for mesotrione, &amp;lt;0.005–0.007 mg/kg for nicosulfuron, and &amp;lt;0.037–0.211 mg/kg for accumulated atrazine. Meanwhile, for both green and fully-grown maize, residues were &amp;lt;0.01 mg/kg for mesotrione, &amp;lt;0.005 mg/kg for nicosulfuron, and &amp;lt;0.037 mg/kg for accumulated atrazine. And all RQ values of green and fully-grown maize were below 100%.ConclusionBased on the RQ model, the dietary risk of exposure to three herbicides through maize was acceptable by consumers. This study helps guide the rational use of mesotrione, nicosulfuron and atrazine to ensure the safe production of maize and our human health.

The Dissipation Kinetics, Residue Level and Dietary Risk of Kresoxim-Methyl in Rosa roxburghii and Soil Based on the QuEChERS Method Coupled with LC-MS/MS.

This study aimed to investigate the dissipation, residues and dietary assessment of kresoxim-methyl in the application of Rosa Roxburghii and soil field using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results show that kresoxim-methyl in R. roxburghii samples was extracted by acetonitrile and purified by ethyl enediamine-N-propylsilane (PSA), while kresoxim-methyl in soil samples was extracted by acetonitrile and purified by octadecylsilyl solid phase dispersant (C18). 0.1% formic acid (v/v)-water-methanol solution was used as the mobile phase, LC-MS/MS exhibited a good linearity in the range of 0.001-10mgL-1. The recoveries of R. roxburghii and soil matrix were 82.48%-102.55%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) were 1.13%-4.21%. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of kresoxim-methyl in R. roxburghii and soil samples was 0.50 and 0.60µgkg-1, respectively. The dissipation dynamics of kresoxim-methyl in R. roxburghii and soil followed the first-order kinetics, with the half-life of 4.28 and 4.41days, respectively. The terminal residual amount of kresoxim-methyl in R. roxburghii and soil samples was 0.003-1.764 and 0.007-2.091mgkg-1, respectively. The dietary intake risk assessment indicates that a risk quotient (RQ) for kresoxim-methyl based on the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of 0.1995mg was 0.79%, suggesting that the use of kresoxim-methyl on R. roxburghii at recommended dosage was safe to consumers. This study provides the theoretical basis for guiding the rational use of kresoxim-methyl in the production of R. roxburghii.

Optimization of a QuEChERS–LC–MS/MS method for 51 pesticide residues followed by determination of the residue levels and dietary intake risk assessment in foodstuffs

A modified QuEChERS purification–liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed to determine 51 pesticide residues with newly established maximum residue limits (MRLs) in foodstuffs. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile under citrate-buffered conditions and purified using a modified QuEChERS method employing hydroxylated MWCNTs, SAX, and C18. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.2 to 9.8 µg/kg. Recoveries in ten different foodstuffs ranged from 70.2% to 117.9%, with relative standard deviations between 2.3% and 19.9% at three spiking levels. This method was applied to analyze 352 market samples, detecting 14 pesticides in 97 samples. Notably, Afidopyropen, cyantraniliprole, and fluxapyroxad residues in vegetables exhibited a consistent pattern of higher levels in the spring and winter and lower levels in the summer and autumn. Moreover, the risk assessments for acute and chronic dietary exposure to the 14 detected pesticides indicated that the %ADI and %ARfD were well below 100%.

Efficacy of drip irrigation with thiamethoxam on control of Monolepta hieroglyphica and uptake, translocation, and dietary risk of thiamethoxam in maize.

Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) is an important agricultural pest that causes significant economic losses in terms of crop production. Conventional pesticide spraying treatments can result in pesticide drift, endanger nontarget organisms, and cause pests to fly away, resulting in unsatisfactory prevention and control effects. To study the effect of thiamethoxam on the control of maize M. hieroglyphica, a field experiment was conducted to determine the optimal thiamethoxam application dose, its spatial and temporal distribution dynamics and its dietary risk based on its control effect when applied by spray and drip irrigation. The results of the field trials showed that compared with spray irrigation, drip irrigation resulted in greater control starting from the 5th day. This result was due to the hysteresis effect of thiamethoxam being first absorbed by the roots and then continuously transferred upward, where it accumulates. After 30 days of drip irrigation with 75 and 150 g a.i. ha-1 thiamethoxam, the control effect on M. hieroglyphica was 32.41-49.44% and 69.77-80.57%, respectively. The results of the dietary risk assessment showed that the risk of thiamethoxam ingestion through maize kernels was acceptable regarding its effect on human health. Drip irrigation with thiamethoxam can improve the effective utilization rate of pesticides, achieve precise control of maize M. hieroglyphica, and provide a new method for sustainable agricultural production. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Plant growth regulator residues in fruits and vegetables marketed in Yinchuan and exposure risk assessment

Data on plant growth regulators (PGRs) in common fruits and vegetables remain deficient. Supermarkets and farmers’ markets in three districts, two counties, and one city in Yinchuan with high traffic flow were selected and randomly sampled using the five-point sampling method. The QuEChERS pre-treatment method, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, was used for detection. High-end exposure to PGRs was calculated via the chronic dietary risk assessment method from the point assessment model. The linearity of the components was good, (range: 0.2–100 ng/mL) with correlation coefficients ≥ 0.9962. Of the 25 PGRs examined, 16 were detected. The exceedances were as follows: chlormequat chloride and succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide in three and one batches of fruits, respectively, and gibberellin in four and six batches of vegetables, respectively. The same batch of fruits and vegetables could contain multiple PGRs, with seven PGRs detected in green dates and six in strawberries. In total, 10 batches of sprouts, six batches of fresh mushrooms, five of fruits and vegetables, one of leafy vegetables, and one of melons had excessive amounts of PGRs. The mean and median exposures were 0.0–0.832 mg/d and 0.0–0.453 mg/d, respectively. Although individual exceedances of PGRs were observed, most were at low levels, indicating that the corresponding risk was acceptable for human consumption.

Dissipation Behavior and Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam, Pyraclostrobin, and Their Metabolites in Home-Style Pickled Cowpea.

In this study, the fate of two pesticides commonly used on cowpeas, thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin, during the preparation of home-made pickled cowpeas was investigated using an improved QuEChERS method combined with UHPLC-MS/MS. Although pesticide residues were primarily distributed on cowpea samples, some were transferred to brine. The dissipation half-life of thiamethoxam on cowpea samples was significantly shorter than that of pyraclostrobin due to thiamethoxam's higher water solubility. Thiamethoxam demonstrated a half-life of 5.12 ± 0.66 days, whereas pyraclostrobin exhibited a longer half-life of 71.46 ± 7.87 days. In addition, the degradation half-lives of these two pesticides in the whole system (cowpea and brine) were 45.01 ± 4.99 and 70.51 ± 5.91 days, respectively. This result indicates that the pickling did not effectively promote the degradation of thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin. The metabolite clothianidin of thiamethoxam was not produced throughout the pickling process, but the metabolite BF 500-3 of pyraclostrobin was detected in cowpea samples. The detection rates for thiamethoxam, pyraclostrobin, and BF 500-3 in the 20 market samples were 10%, 70%, and 45%, respectively. However, the risk quotient analysis indicated that the risk of dietary intake of thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin in pickled cowpeas by Chinese consumers was negligible.

Dietary risk assessment of benzophenone derivatives using bread consumption estimates in a Taiwanese population.

Listed as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, benzophenone (BP) and its nine analogues (BPs) are an emerging group of contaminants. The migration of BPs from ultraviolet inks to food has been investigated in many studies; however, few studies have investigated BPs in foods and the risks of human exposure to BPs. We validated a trace and multi-residue method for simultaneously determining 10 BPs, including BP, BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-8, 4-MBP, 2-OHBP, 4-OHBP, M2BB, and PBZ. Eighty-one bread samples were analyzed using stable isotope labeling and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with solid-liquid extraction. We determined the estimated daily intake of BPs, non-cancer risks, and lifetime cancer risks (LTCRs) from daily bread consumption for seven age groups using a Monte Carlo simulation. The method demonstrated robust linearity (R2 ≥ 0.991), low limits of detection (0.04-2 ng/g), and satisfactory precision. The intra- and interday relative standard deviation ranges were 0.6%-9% and 3%-20%, respectively. BP, 4-MBP, 2-OHBP, BP-1, and BP-3 were detected in 97%, 67%, 59%, 24%, and 23% of the samples, respectively. 2-OHBP had the highest mean (range) value of 18.3 (<LOD-201.6) ng/g. The results demonstrated that the 0-3 year group had the highest LTCRs (2.6 × 10-6) and hazard indices [HIs] (5.4 × 10-2). The LTCRs were lower than 10-5, and the HIs were lower than 1 in seven age groups. This suggests that exposure to BPs from bread consumption is safe and acceptable.

Dissipation Behavior and Dietary Risk Assessment of Abamectin, Pyraclostrobin and Boscalid in Apple Fruit.

Dissipation Behavior and Dietary Risk Assessment of Abamectin, Pyraclostrobin and Boscalid in Apple Fruit.

Residual behavior and dietary risk assessment of albendazole as fungicide in citrus orchards.

Albendazole is a broad-spectrum fungicide that shows great potential in controlling fungal diseases in citrus. To quantify the dissipation behavior, residue distribution, and dietary risk of albendazole in citrus, we developed an UPLC-MS/MS analysis protocol. The average recovery rate of albendazole in whole citrus and citrus pulp ranged from 74 to 105% with an RSD of 3 to 8%, and a limit of quantification of 0.01mgkg-1. The degradation half-lives were 2.8-3.0 and 5.7-17.0days in whole citrus and citrus pulp, respectively, and the final residues of albendazole were <0.059mgkg-1 with a risk quotient of <1. This study not only demonstrates that the dietary risk of albendazole in citrus is negligible, but also provides empirical data to establish the maximum residual limit (MRL) for the safe application of albendazole in citrus orchards to meet the requirements for food safety as well as international trade.

Residue dynamics and dietary risk assessment of new formulation of novaluron and lambda cyhalothrin on tomato.

Presence of residues on food commodities is major bottleneck of insecticide use under good agricultural practices (GAPs). The use of less persistent with two different mode of action insecticide is novel approach of getting maximum insect control without developing insecticide resistance. Novaluron, an insect growth disruptor and lambda cyhalothrin, a nerve poison has been used widely for the management of lepidopteran pests. Dissipation and consumer risk analysis studies were carried out on a new combination product of novaluron and lambda cyhalothrin are used for control insects of tomato at recommended standard dose of 71 + 14 g/ha and double dose of 142 + 28 g/ha of active ingredients. Extraction and cleanup of sample residues was done using QuEChERS technique and analyzed in GC-ECD. The residues of novaluron were dissipated within 10 to 15 days, and the residues of lambda cyhalothrin were at 7 to 10 days, both at the standard and double the standard dose, following a first order reaction kinetics. Analysis of risk and hazard quotient revealed that the test insecticides do not pose any dietary risk to consumer as TMDI < MPI and HQ < 1.