Style Diet Research Articles

Accordance to a MIND–Style Diet is Associated with Decreased Risk of Dementia Mortality in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Disparities in Stroke (REGARDS) Cohort

AbstractBackgroundThe Mediterranean‐DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet (high in nuts, seeds, vegetables, berries and low in meat, dairy, and butter) has been associated with reduced risk of dementia. However, no studies have examined the role of the MIND diet in a racially diverse population nor have there been studies that have examined the association of the MIND diet with dementia mortality.MethodWe examined data from Black and White adults (age 45‐98) in the US‐based REGARDS cohort. Dietary and covariate data were collected at baseline (2002‐2007). MIND diet score was created as described by other cohort studies (Table footnote). The primary outcome was dementia‐related mortality through December 31, 2020 from the National Death Index using ICD‐10 codes F00‐F03, G30, G31.0‐G31.1, and R54. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model MIND diet score (in tertiles and as a continuous variable) and time to dementia death. To ensure robust association across sub‐groups, we tested for interactions of MIND diet with sex, race, age, obesity, history of stroke, and baseline cognitive impairment and adjusted for competing risks.ResultA total of 18,277 participants (mean age 64.9) had dietary data available to calculate the MIND diet score. MIND diet score was higher among females compared with males, White compared with Black participants, and college graduates. There were no differences in accordance by age. After a median of 12 years, participants with the highest MIND diet scores had the lowest risk of dementia death HR = 0.78 {95% CI; (0.66, 0.94)} comparing the 3rd tertile with the 1st tertile and after adjustment for age, race, sex, income, education, total energy, and other medical conditions (Table). This association was attenuated slightly when a competing risk analysis was considered HR = 0.84 {95%CI; (0.70, 1.00)}. There were no significant interactions observed.ConclusionThe MIND diet score is associated with dementia death in a large bi‐racial cohort in the US. This association is robust across race, age, and sex groups. Dietary interventions using the MIND diet may further clarify whether this association is causal and whether MIND diet may be an important tool in reducing rates of dementia.

Tackling Obesity (Sthaulya) through lifestyle awareness and dietary management

The increased modernization and industrialization has played a major role in adopting the sedentary life style and faulty diet has made man the victim of many life style disorders, one of them being obesity. According to National family health survey-5 (2019-2021), 1 out of every 4 person is obese now and the incidence is increased to 16.9% in 20-29 years of age and 32% in 30-39 years of age. Obesity is an increasing global health issue as it is the leading risk factor of various non-communicable diseases like hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, coronary heart disease etc. So, the prevention and management of obesity by creating awareness for adopting healthy lifestyle and dietary habits is much needed in present era. Obesity is a result of heredity, faulty lifestyle and diet. Since factors like heredity cannot be avoided but managing lifestyle (Vihara) and diet (Ahara) play important role. Acharya Charaka has considered Sthaulya as an Santarpanjanya Vyadhi and treated with Guru and Aptarpanajanya Ahara. Ahara recommended in Sthaulya are Yava, Kulattha, Purana Shali, Shastika.

Microbial dietary protein metabolism regulates GLP-1 mediated intestinal transit.

Depletion of gut microbiota is associated with inefficient energy extraction and reduced production of short-chain fatty acids from dietary fibers, which regulates colonic proglucagon (Gcg) expression and small intestinal transit in mice. However, the mechanism by which the gut microbiota influences dietary protein metabolism and its corresponding effect on the host physiology is poorly understood. Enteropeptidase inhibitors block host protein digestion and reduce body weight gain in diet-induced obese rats and mice, and therefore they constitute a new class of drugs for targeting metabolic diseases. Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are dispersed throughout the gut and possess the ability to sense dietary proteins and protein-derived metabolites. Despite this, it remains unclear if enteropeptidase inhibition affects EECs function. In this study, we fed conventional and antibiotic treated mice a western style diet (WSD) supplemented with an enteropeptidase inhibitor (WSD-ETPi), analyzed the expression of gut hormones along the length of the intestine, and measured small intestinal transit under different conditions. The ETPi-supplemented diet promoted higher Gcg expression in the colon and increased circulating Glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1) levels, but only in the microbiota-depleted mice. The increase in GLP-1 levels resulted in slower small intestinal transit, which was subsequently reversed by administration of GLP-1 receptor antagonist. Interestingly, small intestinal transit was normalized when an amino acid-derived microbial metabolite, p-cresol, was supplemented along with WSD-ETPi diet, primarily attributed to the reduction of colonic Gcg expression. Collectively, our data suggest that microbial dietary protein metabolism plays an important role in host physiology by regulating GLP-1-mediated intestinal transit.

A qualitative study of young peoples' thoughts and attitudes to follow a more plant-based diet.

Plant-based diets (PBDs) refer to dietary habits that reduce the consumption of animal-based products and increase the consumption of nutritionally rich plant foods. PBD's have been shown to provide significant health benefits, such as reducing obesity and improving psychological wellbeing, and are environmentally friendly. However, few studies have investigated factors that influence young people's thoughts and attitudes toward following a PBD in western societies, particularly in the United Kingdom. Understanding these factors may benefit public health interventions that encourage the consumption of more fruit and vegetables. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that affect young people's intentions toward following a PBD. Twenty-one young people (18-24 years) participated in this qualitative study. Participants were asked about their views of PBDs in a semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was utilized to explore views and the barriers and facilitators to following a PBD. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used as a framework to organise the findings. Within attitudes, the sub-themes identified were an awareness of a healthy diet, environmental concerns, health concerns and distrust, perceptions of PBDs and associated stereotypes, perceived restriction and lack of enjoyment, and need for education. Within subjective norms, the sub-themes identified were cultural and familial norms, peer influence, and exposure through social media. Within perceived behavioral control (PBC), the sub-themes identified were a lack of independence and parental control, lack of knowledge and perceived difficulty, lack of inclusiveness and accessibility, and inconvenience. Overall, the findings suggest that increased provision of education and knowledge about PBDs to young people, and widening access to PBDs, could encourage and help improve their understanding and intention to follow this dietary style. Tailored health promotion strategies, which also consider additional barriers and facilitators found within this study, could motivate young people to consume a more PBD.

Adherence to a Mediterranean diet style and psychological distress and quality of life in young women

Adherence to a Mediterranean diet style and psychological distress and quality of life in young women

Linking Subsidies for Agriculture and Food to Dietary Styles: Estimates for Switzerland

Agriculture contributes substantially to global greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts. Current agricultural policies tolerate these impacts and sometimes even aggravate them through subsidies for unsustainable production systems and products. Against this background, we explore the resulting transfers to agriculture and food associated with different dietary styles. Using data from Switzerland, we consider both direct transfers through government subsidies and indirect transfers through toleration of environmental impacts and costs. Gross transfers were quantified based on existing studies that (i) define eight dietary styles in terms of the quantity of the different product groups, (ii) allocate subsidies for agriculture to product groups, (iii) allocate environmental impacts to product groups using life cycle assessment (LCA) methods, and (iv) estimate external costs of agriculture using politically endorsed expenditures for damage avoidance. To quantify net transfers associated with the dietary styles, we subtracted individual tax contributions from the subsidies received and average external costs individually suffered from external costs caused. We found that the gross transfers from government to agriculture range from about CHF 500 to about CHF 2000 annually per taxpayer/consumer depending on dietary styles. Net transfers per taxpayer/consumer range from about CHF −1000 to about CHF 1000 depending on dietary style and income. The estimates highlight that current policies strongly privilege and thereby also endorse environmentally problematic dietary styles over more environmentally friendly ones, contradicting official strategies and targets in the domains of environment and public health.

Depression and lifestyle: Focusing on nutrition, exercise, and their possible relevance to molecular mechanisms.

Accumulating evidence has suggested the important role of lifestyle factors in depressive disorder. This paper aimed to introduce and outline recent research on epidemiological and intervention studies on lifestyle-related factors in depressive disorder with a special focus on diet. Evidence on exercise, sleep. and related behaviors is also described. Here, findings from meta-analytic studies are emphasized and related studies by the author's research group are introduced. Dietary factors that increase the risk of the illness include energy overload, skipping breakfast, unhealthy diet styles such as Western diet, inflammation-prone diet, and high consumption of ultraprocessed food (UPF). Nutritional imbalances such as inadequate intake of protein, fish (Ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids), vitamins (folate and vitamin D), and minerals (iron and zinc) increases the risk of depression. Poor oral hygiene, food allergy, addiction to alcohol, and smoking constitute risk factors. Sedentary lifestyle and increased screen time (e.g. video games and the internet) confer the risk of depression. Insomnia and disturbed sleep-wake rhythm are also involved in the pathogenesis of depression. There is accumulating evidence at the meta-analysis level for interventions to modify these lifestyle habits in the protection and treatment of depressive disorder. Main biological mechanisms of the link between lifestyle factors and depression include monoamine imbalance, inflammation, altered stress response, oxidative stress, and dysfunction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, although other players such as insulin, leptin, and orexin also play a role. To increase resilience to modern stress and ameliorate depression through modification of lifestyle habits, a list of 30 recommendable interventions is presented.

COVID-19 Geçiren Sağlık Çalışanlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Hastalık Süreci ve Etkileri Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers and their experience of the disease. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted using qualitative methods between December 12, 2020 and February 5, 2021 with 30 health workers who had recovered from COVID-19. The research data were collected using semi-structured interviews during which participants were asked about their socio-demographic characteristics, their experiences of the disease, and the impacts of the disease. The data obtained were grouped according to themes and sub-themes. Results: The participants identified the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral effects of the disease, including emotional responses at different stages of the disease, attitudes towards the disease, changes in dietary style, over-attention to symptoms and vital findings, and changes in prevention measures after recovery from the disease. Uncertainty, quarantine periods, fear of infecting others, stress factors such as healthcare worker identity and stigma were also identified by the participants. Conclusions: Providing support for the protection of the mental health of healthcare workers who contract the disease is essential to allow them to continue providing quality patient care. We think it would be beneficial to conduct further research on the nature of psychological support for medical personnel who experience COVID-19.

Complex Association Among Diet Styles, Sleep Patterns, and Obesity in Patients with Diabetes.

Health risk factors (HRFs), including the adjustment of disturbed sleep patterns (including disorders and duration) and improvement of dietary intake, have become relatively novel and critical strategies to prevent the development of diabesity and treat diabetic complications. We aimed to explore 1) whether there was an association between diet styles (including healthy and unhealthy diets) and diabesity; 2) whether sleep patterns could moderate this relationship; and 3) whether there was a complex interaction association between sleep patterns, diet styles, and diabesity. The study was based on a national survey conducted by the China National Diabetic Chronic Complications Study Group, this study extracted data from some cities in Anhui Province and obtained basic and lifestyle information using a detailed questionnaire for analysis. The primary exposure was diet styles, and the outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), while HbA1c and FBG and sleep patterns were moderators. Data were pooled using logistic regression and moderation analysis. The overall response rate was 92.0%. This study ultimately included 1765 participants. The mean age was 57.10 ± 10.0 years. Sociographically, participants with lower educational levels were more likely to have lower levels of WC (χ 2 = 2.73) and BMI (χ 2 = 3.47), were female (t=6.54), were more likely to have lower educational levels (F=13.78) and were older (F=23.75), were more likely to have higher detection rates of sleep disorders and were more likely to have other HRFs (walking, SSBs, HbA1c and TG). Additionally, diet styles were also significantly associated with BMI and WC. In the moderation analysis, SES (socioeconomic status) also affected the correlation between healthy diet style, sleep disorders and WC (β=0.20), neither in BMI nor unhealthy diet style in BMI and WC; the combination effect between diet styles, sleep patterns and HbA1c was associated with WC and BMI. Complex associations and interactions were found between diet styles, sleep patterns, HbA1c, and diabesity. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the dietary pattern and other HRFS that cause diabesity, so as to strengthen further preventive measures. These results can provide some theoretical basis for the treatment of diabesity in the public health field.

Rational nutrition as a health factor: realities and prospects

The article discusses how the culture of food, its rationality and quality affects the health of Russians. The dietary style of Russians is analyzed on the basis of the latest statistical data and literature analysis. It is concluded that despite some positive developments in this area, the quality of nutrition of Russian residents is far from ideal. The author of the article seeks to understand how population understands the concept of healthy nutrition, whether the understanding of this phenomenon differs depending on socio-demographic characteristics. Particular attention is paid to gender differences regarding nutrition and the consequences of these differences. Article focuses on the obstacles that Russians face on the way to improving their diet. One of such obstacles is economic difficulties and the inability to buy healthy foods due to their high cost, especially in large families and single-parent families, whose food quality is lower for a number of socio-economic reasons. An equally important factor limiting the possibilities of Russians in the field of nutrition is the lack of awareness and education of the majority of the population regarding healthy lifestyle in general and nutrition in particular.The empirical basis of the work is comprised of the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Federal State Statistics Service, the Public Opinion Foundation and the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center.

Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)-style diet in association with gastroesophageal reflux disease in adolescents

BackgroundDietary patterns and food items have been associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) risk and they have led to conflicting findings. The aim of this study was to determine the association between a dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH)-style diet with the risk of GERD and its symptoms in adolescents.Study designCross-sectional.MethodsThis study was performed on 5,141 adolescents aged between 13 and 14 years. Dietary intake was evaluated using a food frequency method. The diagnosis of GERD was done by using a six-item GERD questionnaire that asked about GERD symptoms. A binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between the DASH-style diet score and GERD and its symptoms in crude and multivariable-adjusted models.ResultsOur findings revealed that after adjustment for all confounding variables, the adolescents with the highest adherence to the DASH-style diet had a lower chance of developing GERD [odds ratio (OR) = 0.50; 95%CI 0.33–0.75, Ptrend< 0.001)], reflux (OR = 0.42; 95%CI 0.25–0.71, Ptrend=0.001), nausea (OR = 0.59; 95% CI:0.32–1.08, Ptrend=0.05) and stomach pain (OR = 0.69; 95%CI 0.49–0.98, P trend=0.03) compared to those with the lowest adherence. Similar results were found for odds of GERD among boys, and the total population (OR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.18–0.73, Ptrend=0.002, OR = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.34–0.77, P trend<0.0, respectively).ConclusionThe current study revealed that adherence to a DASH-style diet might protect against GERD and its symptoms including, reflux, nausea, and stomach pain in adolescents. Further prospective research is needed to confirm these findings.

The effect of puppyhood and adolescent diet on the incidence of chronic enteropathy in dogs later in life

Diet has a key role in the homeostasis of the gut microenvironment, influencing the microbiome, the gut barrier, host immunity and gut physiology. Yet, there is little information on the role of early diet in the onset of inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders later in life, especially in dogs. Therefore, the aim of the present cross-sectional, epidemiological study with longitudinal data, was to explore associations of companion dogs’ early life diet style and food items with owner-reported chronic enteropathy (CE) incidence in later life. Food frequency questionnaire data from Finnish companion dogs was analyzed using principal component analysis and logistic regression. We found that feeding a non-processed meat-based diet and giving the dog human meal leftovers and table scraps during puppyhood (2–6 months) and adolescence (6–18 months) were protective against CE later in life. Especially raw bones and cartilage as well as leftovers and table scraps during puppyhood and adolescence, and berries during puppyhood were associated with less CE. In contrast, feeding an ultra-processed carbohydrate-based diet, namely dry dog food or “kibble” during puppyhood and adolescence, and rawhides during puppyhood were significant risk factors for CE later in life.

Comparison of sensitivity to taste and astringency stimuli among vegans and omnivores

Taste perception plays a crucial role in determining food choices. It has been described in literature a relationship between diet composition and taste perception. Nowadays, with the rising concern in climate change and animal welfare, the number of people following a vegan diet is increasing to become a real trend. Research about differences in taste perception between vegan and omnivore is lacking. The aim of the study was to compare detection threshold for bitter, sour, umami and astringency stimuli (quinine monohydrochloride dihydrate, citric acid anhydrous, monosodium glutamate and tannic acid, respectively) participants following a vegan diet (n=24) and participants following an omnivore diet (n=30). Participants reported their consumption frequency for main food categories. The mean detection thresholds between the two groups narrowly missed significance with p-values of 0.07, 0.08, 0.06, for bitter, umami and astringency perception, respectively. No differences were found for sour taste (p-value=0.33). Further research is required to validate such findings and to understand the origin of the relationship between diet style and taste sensitivity.

Healthy Eating in Population Models of Nutrition: Asian Diet Style Summary

The population of Japan and Okinawa is known for the longest life expectancy, which many researchers rightly associate with the nature of nutrition existing in these territories. The Japanese diet and Okinawan diet, along with other traditional diets, are real examples of historically established sustainable patterns of healthy eating. Asian eating styles have marked differences from European eating patterns, not only in differences in food sources, but also in eating habits. The article presents the historical, climatic and cultural features of these diets; the issues of food composition, energy and nutritional value of these models of nutrition are considered in detail with an analysis of the differences existing between them; highlights the benefits of products grown mainly in Japan, which are ration-forming for the population of this country; as well as the results of scientific studies on the protective effect of the Japanese and Okinawan diets on human health and disease prevention.

Assessment and Correlation of Adverse Events Following Coronavirus Disease Vaccination with Blood Group and Dietary Style

Assessment and Correlation of Adverse Events Following Coronavirus Disease Vaccination with Blood Group and Dietary Style

Curcumin improves metabolic response and increases expression of thermogenesis-associated markers in adipose tissue of male offspring from obese dams

Maternal obesity and dietary style in the pregnancy-lactation period may result in long-term effects on the metabolic health of the offspring, thus increasing the risk of diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound that has beneficial properties on metabolism. Accordingly, this study is intended to evaluate the effects of curcumin supplementation in pregnant and lactating female mice on the anthropometric, metabolic and molecular parameters of the offspring fed a hyperglycemic diet. The study was conducted with 24 male mice randomized into three groups: i) control group (SD) originating from dams fed a standard diet; ii) hyperglycemic group (HGD) originating from dams fed a hyperglycemic diet; iii) curcumin group (CUR) originating from dams fed a hyperglycemic diet and supplemented with curcumin in the pregnancy-lactation period. All offspring groups were fed a hyperglycemic diet for 12 weeks. Anthropometricand biochemical parameters were measured, as well as the expression of thermogenesis-associated markers in the interscapular brown and inguinal white adipose tissues. The results showed less weight gain in the CUR group, with a concomitant reduction in food consumption compared to the HGD group. Biochemical parameters indicated lower levels of total cholesterol, glucose, and insulin for the CUR group, in addition to improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The molecular evaluation indicated increased mRNA expression levels of UCP1 and PRDM16 in the brown and white adipose tissues. It is concluded that curcumin supplementation in the pregnancy-lactation period in dams with diet-induced obesity may lead to improvements in the offspring's metabolic phenotype, even if they are submitted to an obesogenic environment, possibly via thermogenesis activation.

Crononutrizione: una tematica emergente nella gestione del diabete di tipo 2

Evidence has been accumulated that a different timing in the consumption of meals, namely the chrononutrition, is able to influence the daily metabolic biorhythms, influencing the onset and possibly the treatment of clinical conditions as obesity and diabetes, including the possibility of independently influencing the cardiovascular risk. Behaviors originating from new social customs are able to interfere with these physiological mechanisms activating of genes and proteins that make individuals more or less flexible, capable of adaptation. So, the inability to adapt could favor a higher risk to health. Therefore, chrononutrition is a characteristic of the diet that is important to address further to the amount of energy and macronutrient intake. Once again, even in this area, the Mediterranean dietary style proves to be a healthy reference approach.

Diet and Proteinuria: State of Art.

Proteinuria is a broad term used to describe the pathological presence of proteins, including albumin, globulin, Bence-Jones protein, and mucoprotein in the urine. When persistent, proteinuria is a marker of kidney damage and represents a reliable predictor of the risk of progression of renal failure. Medical nutrition therapy is imperative for patients with proteinuria because it may slow the progression of renal disease. The aim of this review is to explore different nutritional approaches in the management of proteinuria and their influence on pathophysiological processes. As such, protein restriction is the main dietary intervention. Indeed, other management approaches are frequently used to reduce it regarding micro and macronutrients, but also the dietary style. Among these, the nutritional approach represents one of the most used and controversial interventions and the studies rarely take the form of randomized and controlled trials. With this work we aspire to analyze current clinical knowledge of how nutrition could influence proteinuria, potentially representing a useful tool in the management of proteinuric nephropathy.

Role of Diet and Supplementation with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Managing Chronic Fatigue in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Summary Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with unclear and multifactorial etiology, variable clinical symptoms with different severity, and treatment with limited efficacy. Authors conclude that the immune system has a role in pathogenesis, and many modern therapies target the immune system. Among clinicians, it is accepted that not every patient will progress in the same way, and there is high variability between clinical courses of MS in different patients. Modern therapies have shown to reduce new lesions and clinical relapses but lack effectiveness at halting underlying neurodegeneration at lesions, the localized inflammation on a small scale, chronic demyelination, and axonal and neuronal damage. Dietary metabolites have far-reaching and systemic effects. It has been suggested that diet can play an essential role in helping to modify immune system function to promote regulation as opposed to inflammation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease inflammation through conversion into anti-inflammatory prostaglandins E1 and E2, which affect cytokine production, leukocyte migration, and other immune system components. The Mediterranean style diet is a diet low in saturated fats, high in polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, rich in fruits and vegetables, and low in processed foods (low salt content). Eating a Mediterranean-style diet can help reduce fatigue (as reported by patients) and change the clinical course favorably.

Role of health belief model and health consciousness in explaining behavioral intention to use restaurants and practicing healthy diet

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to study the association between health consciousness, health belief model and intention to engage in healthy activities in addition to use restaurants.Design/methodology/approachAn electronic questionnaire was distributed through social media and university website including questions on demographic variables and Likert scaled aspects of health consciousness, health belief model and behavioral intention to practice healthy habits and use fast-food restaurants.FindingsA total of 92 Palestinian adults participated in this study. Age 28.5 ± 9.7 years. Of the studied group, 28.6% were males, body mass index = 24.4 ± 4.1 kg/m2. Average health consciousness was 12.3 ± 3.1, health belief model (susceptibility = 10.4 ± 6.8, severity = 12.7 ± 7.2, benefit = 28.1 ± 5.3 and barriers = 17.8 ± 6.8) and for behavioral intention = 21.1 ± 6.4. In final regression models, only benefit was significantly associated with health consciousness (B = 0.18 ± 0.07, p = 0.012) and behavioral intention B = 0.26 ± 0.13, p = 0.05). Only barrier and severity were associated significantly with number of using restaurants weekly (0.04 ± 0.02, p = 0.03) and (0.05 ± 0.02, p = 0.004), respectively.Research limitations/implicationsHealth belief model partially explained use of restaurants and healthy lifestyle among Palestinians. This is a cross-sectional design and future clinical trials are needed.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to address the role of health belief model and health consciousness in improving dietary style and habits.