Diesel System Research Articles

Analysis and Sizing of Mini-Grid Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Islands

This paper aims to investigate the techno-economic feasibility analysis of stand-alone diesel system, stand-alone PV/storage system, PV/diesel hybrid system, PV/diesel/storage hybrid system for the Pratas island in Taiwan. The power supply of outlying islands in Taiwan still use fossil fuel generators. The fuel cost is higher than that of on shore of Taiwan, and it has a great impact on the environment. This problem can be mitigated by hybrid energy systems. Through the investigation to know the existing generator set and Photovoltaic (PV) operating status, load consumption, etc., the study collects the required data for statistical meteorological analysis and economic analysis, and uses Hybrid Optimization Models for Energy Resources (HOMER) to simulate techno-economics of the stated hybrid energy systems. The analysis contains the capital cost, net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE) and fuel saving in different capacities for each power supply system with different constraints. From the simulation results, the lowest COE is 0.3569 $/kWh that can be found at the PV/diesel hybrid system configuration scheme with a total PV system capacity of 200 kWp, the renewable fraction (RF) is 15.3% and the excess electricity fraction is 2.6%, which is lower than the generally acceptable 5%. Although the COE of PV/diesel/storage hybrid is higher than that of stand-alone diesel system, the annual total CO2 emissions is reduced by 31.63%, which is of great benefit to environmental protection.

Commercial-scale hybrid solar photovoltaic - diesel systems in select Arab countries with weak grids: An integrated appraisal

Solar photovoltaic (PV) diesel hybrid systems are effective solutions for sustainable energy transition in countries where utility grids are intermittent. An ‘integrated appraisal’ of 'hybrid solar (PV) - diesel' systems are carried out to assess their overall energetic, environmental, financial and economic performances. The study carries out the analysis of hybridized solar photovoltaic energy using first-hand data and information collected from the Palestinian, Lebanese and Iraqi commercial and/or industrial sectors, adopting several scenarios of tariff and diesel fuel prices, capital costs assumptions, solar PV curtailment, and values for environmental damage adopted from life-cycle impact assessment methods that allow for monetization and are globally valid. Results show that hybrid PV-diesel systems have largely beneficial energy, environmental and economic performances in all three countries, whereas their financial performance are also positive for Palestine and Lebanon, however less promising in Iraq, mainly due Iraq's heavily subsidized electricity tariff. The study concludes with policy recommendations focused on promoting solar PV in the commercial and/or industrial sectors, namely: the gradual phasing-out of fossil fuel subsidies, the effective execution of net-metering, the provision of subsidized sustainable energy loans, and carefully designed energy management systems.

Optimal Configuration with Capacity Analysis of a Hybrid Renewable Energy and Storage System for an Island Application

The Philippines consists of 7100 islands, many of which still use fossil fuel diesel generators as the main source of electricity. This supply can be complemented by the use of renewable energy sources. This study uses a Philippine offshore island to optimize the capacity configuration of a hybrid energy system (HES). A thorough investigation was performed to understand the operating status of existing diesel generator sets, load power consumption, and collect the statistics of meteorological data and economic data. Using the Hybrid Optimization Models for Energy Resources (HOMER) software we simulate and analyze the techno-economics of different power supply systems containing stand-alone diesel systems, photovoltaic (PV)-diesel HES, wind-diesel HES, PV-wind-diesel HES, PV-diesel-storage HES, wind-diesel-storage HES, PV-wind-diesel-storage HES. In addition to the lowest cost of energy (COE), capital cost, fuel saving and occupied area, the study also uses entropy weight and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to evaluate the optimal capacity configuration. The proposed method can also be applied to design hybrid renewable energy systems for other off-grid areas.

Determination of the work resource of synthetic filters for oil diesel systems

In clause questions which are connected with an opportunity of use of synthetic filtering elements in oil systems of diesel locomotives, and also by definition of their resource of work in operation are considered. It is analyzed domestic and foreign researches on use in filtering systems of new porous materials. Thus it is established, that use of such materials causes a lot of problems which are connected with a complex, chaotic arrangement times spaces and in most cases impossibility of application for their calculation of classical approaches by definition of the basic hydraulic characteristics. On the basis of experimental researches on application in oil systems of diesel locomotives as filters of thin clearing oil and positive results the basic directions of further use and necessity of development of theoretical questions which allow receiving the basic characteristics of these units and dynamics of change of their parameters in operation are certain. The method of modeling and forecasting of a resource of work synthetic filters on the basis of plural regress is offered to model which considers the parametrical dependences received as a result of carrying out of operational tests. Calculations are executed and predicted values of a resource of work of synthetic filters which show in two-rub times an opportunity of increase in run of a diesel locomotive without their replacement are received.

Life Cycle Assessment of electricity generation from Jatropha oil in a short chain in Mali

Jatropha curcas is an inedible oil crop which can grow under semiarid climatic conditions. Its oil can be used straight as fuel to provide energy in remote areas to improve living conditions. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of the electricity generation from Jatropha oil under West African conditions, by means of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). These potential impacts are calculated for four crop managements and compared to the ones of a reference electricity generation from conventional diesel. Data used in this work are from Jatropha plantations set up in Mali since 2006.LCA results show that the potential benefits of the Jatropha systems are highly dependent on the crop management, especially for the fertilization strategy and the promotion of the oilcake. However, in all cases, the Jatropha systems have lower impacts than the reference diesel system by 75% to 96% for abiotic depletion, and by 80% to 97% for ozone layer depletion, and higher impacts by 260% to 1000% for eutrophication, and by 26% to 160% for acidification. In the best case, the Jatropha system can also have lower impacts than the reference system by 76% for climate change, and by 88% for photochemical oxidation.A methodological originality of this work is the inclusion of animal and human labour into the LCA framework. A first model is proposed for the accounting of energy consumption and GreenHouse Gases (GHG) emissions due to labour. Concerning energy consumption, labour is not negligible with a share from 14% to 50% of the total impact of the Jatropha systems; however the highest share of 50% corresponds to the scenarios with the lowest energy demand. CH4 emissions from livestock are also not negligible but second-order in this study since they account for 2% to 13% of total GHG emissions.

Risk analysis of engineering systems for sustainable industrial development using the Taguchi approach

PurposeOne of the key elements of a maintenance system is risk analysis because the risk level of an engineering system will determine the maintenance policy required. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is widely applied in evaluating risk of failure of engineering systems. However, the conventional FMEA used in analyzing risk by most industries has shortcomings such as an inability to utilize imprecise and interval data in prioritizing risk. To overcome these limitations, different variants of FMEA have been reported in the literature. However, these modified approaches are computationally intensive; hence, the purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient FMEA-based methodology that is easy to analyze and implement.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed technique combines the Taguchi method with FMEA in order to analyze risk of engineering systems easily and effectively. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with a case study of the fuel oil system of a marine diesel engine.FindingsThe results of the integrated Taguchi method and FMEA, when compared with well-known techniques, namely, VIKOR and compromise programming, from the literature are very similar. From the comparative analysis, it was evident that the proposed method is a viable option to the more computationally intensive approaches used in the literature.Originality/valueThe approach proposed is novel and simple and can be implemented more easily than approaches from the literature in analyzing risk.

Waste Biomass Integration to Reduce Fuel Consumption and Levelized Cost of Electricity in Philippine Off-Grid Islands

A techno-economic assessment was made for thirteen large off-grid islands in the Philippines using HOMER Pro (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables Software) to determine the feasibility of integrating waste biomass into their energy systems. Sensitivity analysis on the diesel fuel prices and biomass feedstock prices was performed to determine their effects on the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and the renewable energy (RE) share. The results suggest that an average LCOE reduction of around 4.57 %, fuel reduction of 5.71 %, and RE share increase of 4.99 % can be realized by integrating biomass to the existing diesel system even without incorporation of other renewable energy generators such as solar photovoltaics. In cases where biomass is available in large quantities, and the energy demand is relatively low, LCOE reduction, fuel reduction, and RE share increase may even reach up to more than 20 %. This makes the integrated biomass-diesel hybrid system a viable option for reducing diesel consumption in the off-grid islands. And even with the establishment of a feedstock market, the biomass-diesel hybrid system still has a lower LCOE compared to the existing diesel-only systems. This work provides the first systematic techno-economic study on the potential of incorporating waste biomass in off-grid islands.

Software Design Tool for Sizing PV Stand-Alone System and Hybrid PV-Diesel System with Iraq Climate

This paper displays the improvement of Graphical User Interface programming for sizing principle segment in Stand-Alone PV system and PV- Diesel hybrid power system based on Iraq conditions. The solar system software is a tool depends on the input data by the user to give correct results on the basis of what has been introduced. Therefore, this software tool Includes products (PV modules, charge controller, inverter, battery and diesel generator) which can be obtained from the market with their detail. This software presents a guideline for photovoltaic system integrator to match the load requirement to design the effective size of components and system configuration, in hybrid PV–Diesel system. The ratio of photovoltaic solar energy to diesel generators is introduced by considering the contribution of hybrid system energy.

Prism Signal Processing of Coriolis meter data for gasoline fuel injection monitoring

Prism Signal Processing is a new recursive FIR technique offering rapid filter design and calculation. It has previously been applied to Coriolis mass flow metering to generate fast (48 kHz) flow measurement updates, facilitating for the first time the direct mass flow measurement of individual fuel pulses injected into a laboratory diesel fuel injection test bench. In this paper we describe an augmented sensor signal filtering scheme which enables rapid tracking of the desired mode of flow tube vibration while notching out undesired modes. The new scheme is applied to a gasoline injection test bench where the vibrational interference is greater than for the previously described diesel system due to increased hydraulic shock. The paper presents experimental findings which illustrate the further challenges to be overcome in order to achieve the goal of traceable direct mass flow measurement of individual fuel injection pulses. For example, when a fuel pulse is shorter than the resonant period of the flow tube, the observed phase difference appears to show dependence on the instantaneous phase of the flow tube vibration.

Drive simulation tests for electric drilling rig

AbstractThe article presents methodology and selected results of simulation tests of diesel and electric dive system for drilling rig. Research in this field were conducted under the project no. POIR.01.01.01-00-D011/16 entitled „New generation of modular rigs, drilling and bolting, with battery drives, designated to work in underground cooper ore and raw rock material mines”. The project is funded by the National Center of Research and Development (NCBiR). The aim of the project is to design and implementation of innovation drilling and bolting rig with electric drive system. Due to the complexity of the structure of the drive system (mechanical, hydraulic and electrical elements), it was necessary to use advanced simulation software dedicated to multiphysics analysis. Data presented in the article can be used as guidelines in design process of drilling and bolting rigs as well as in optimization their driving system and mechanical construction.

Hybrid solar-wind-diesel power plant for small islands in Maluku Province

Maluku Province is an archipelagic province consist of 1,340 islands mostly classified as small island and has the total area of 712,479.69 km2 of which 658,331.52 km2 (92.4%) are marine and only 54.15 km2 (7.6%) are terrestrial. This geographic condition causes high insularity and approximately 34% of villages in Maluku are without electricity and it is highly impossible to provide every remote small island with the power supply. Solar and wind penetration into existing diesel systems can be considered as a breakthrough to meet the need for power supply for these remote islands. A techno-economic analysis is applied to perform a design of an optimal hybrid solar-wind-diesel power plant to serve the load of the villages at these remote islands. The hybrid plant can reduce cost about 20% as well decrease of greenhouse gas emissions of diesel generator alone. Based on the result obtained, the villages in Maluku Province particularly those at the remote area are the potential candidate for deployment of the proposed hybrid solar wind-diesel power plant for electricity generation.

Computer Model for a Wind–Diesel Hybrid System with Compressed Air Energy Storage

A hybrid system combines two or more energy sources as an integrated unit to generate electricity. The nature of the sources associated varies between renewable and/or non-renewable energies. Such systems are becoming popular as stand-alone power systems to provide electricity, especially in off grid remote areas where diesel generators act as primary energy source. Wind–diesel systems are among the preferred solutions for new installations, as well as the upgrade of existing ones. However, efforts to address technical challenges towards energy transformation for sustainable development are multiple. The use of energy storage systems is a solution to reduce energy costs and environmental impacts. Indeed, efficient and distributed storage not only allows the electricity grid greater flexibility in the face of demand variations and greater robustness thanks to the decentralization of energy sources, it also offers a solution to increase the use of intermittent renewables in the energy mix. Among different technologies for electrical energy storage, compressed air energy storage is proven to achieve high wind energy penetration and optimal operation of diesel generators. This paper presents a computer model for performance evaluation of a wind–diesel hybrid system with compressed air energy storage. The model has been validated by comparing the results of a wind–diesel case study against those obtained using HOMER software (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States). Different operation modes of the hybrid system are then explored. The impact of hybridization on time and frequency of operation for each power source, fuel consumption and energy dissipation has been determined. Recommendations are made on the choice of key parameters for system optimization.

Performance Enhancement of Micro Grid System with SMES Storage System Based on Mine Blast Optimization Algorithm

Frequency control represents a critically significant issue for the enhancement of the dynamic performance of isolated micro grids. The micro grid system studied here was a wind–diesel system. A new and robust optimization technique called the mine blast algorithm (MBA) was designed for tuning the PID (proportional–integral–differential) gains of the blade pitch controller of the wind turbine side and the gains of the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) controller. SMES was implemented to release and absorb active power quickly in order to achieve a balance between generation and load power, and thereby control system frequency. The minimization of frequency and output wind power deviations were considered as objective functions for the PID controller of the wind turbine, and the diesel frequency and power deviations were used as objective functions for optimizing the SMES controller gains. Different case studies were considered by applying disturbances in input wind, load power, and wind gust, and sensitivity analysis was conducted by applying harsh conditions with varying fluid coupling parameter of the wind–diesel hybrid system. The proposed MBA–SMES was compared with MBA (tuned PID pitch controller) and classical PI control systems in the Matlab environment. Simulation results showed that the MBA–SMES scheme damped the oscillations in the system output responses and improved the system performance by reducing the overshoot by 75% and 36% from classical and MBA-based systems, respectively, reduced the settling time by 45% compared to other systems, and set the final steady-state error of the frequency deviation to zero compared to other systems. The proposed scheme was extremely robust to disturbances and parameter variations.

Probability-Power Pinch Analysis targeting approach for diesel/biodiesel plant integration into hybrid power systems

The hybrid power system (HPS) that integrates diesel/biodiesel plant with renewable energy (RE) technologies has become increasingly popular to alleviate greenhouse gases emissions issue of the sole diesel/biodiesel power system. Integrated diesel-RE power system offers cleaner power supply while minimising cost of diesel fuel and diesel system maintenance. The use of Power Pinch Analysis (PoPA) method for the integration of diesel plants and RE systems into HPS with the objective to minimise fuel requirement and operational time of diesel generator has been presented. This work aims to achieve the same objective via probability theory utilisation, to simplify the PoPA procedure involving the matching of various routes for power flows. The extended technique called the Probability-Power Pinch Analysis (P-PoPA) can give accurate results as those established from the PoPA method within a shorter analysis time because it replaces the tedious manual matching step with correction factors. All probable routes of power from RE and diesel generators to demands are considered in computing the correction factors, in order to target the minimum diesel power in the integrated system. The result of a Case Study demonstrates that 19% saving in diesel fuel consumption can be realised if the present diesel station is supported with renewable solar power in an HPS. The result of the P-PoPA method is accurate with a very minor deviation to that from the conventional PoPA technique.

Selection of the best solar photovoltaic (PV) for Oman

Fossil fuel combustion produces about three-quarters of the world’s energy supply. However, burning these fuels produces a considerable amount of pollutants, which eventually will harm the environment. The objective of this study is to employ Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) to find the best photovoltaic system (PV) for Oman’s conditions and to analyze the costs and the resulting polluting emissions, which might avoided by using a PV system in place of natural gas and diesel systems. Using HOMER will help determine the best locations in Oman to maximize solar energy production. HOMER simulation results showed that the best type of PV for Oman was Ingeteam 1164 kVA with generic PV. The use of a PV system instead of natural gas and diesel systems will avoid the generation of about 9728892.115 and 13148128.5 kg/year of pollutants, respectively, and will reduce the cost of energy to USD$ 0.085/kWh. The best locations found for using solar energy were Marmul followed by Fahud, Sohar and Qairoon Hairiti due to their low costs of electricity (0.0763, 0.0855, 0.0862 and 0.0869 USD$/kWh, respectively), high solar radiation and clearness index.

Optimized Energy Management Strategies for Campus Hybrid PV–Diesel Systems during Utility Load Shedding Events

The unique situation of utility power curtailment unveils opportunities in the fields of energy management and digital resource management. During utility load shedding events, campuses are typically driven as Photo Voltaic (PV)–diesel generator hybrid systems, of which the main fossil resource driver is diesel. With the appropriate Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, discrete departmental energy policies along with control, forecasting and Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure, the campus hybrid system could be optimized on a short timescale during the shedding event. In this paper the optimization methodology, required technology infrastructure, possible forecasting algorithms and potential implementation will be discussed.

Modeling of the Combustion Process for a Dual-fuel Diesel System

Modeling of the Combustion Process for a Dual-fuel Diesel System

Design and economic analysis of a stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic energy system for remote healthcare centre

ABSTRACT This paper presents design of a stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic (PV) energy system according to the daily electrical load demand of remote healthcare centre located in Madhya Pradesh, India. It employs an optimal design and sizing of hybrid PV energy system (PV generator, battery, inverter and diesel generator) according to load demand. An economic analysis has been presented for selection of an optimum hybrid PV energy system using a hybrid optimisation model for electric renewable (HOMER) software. Paper also presents comparison of environmental aspects of hybrid PV energy system with conventional system. The initial costs of PV–diesel–battery and diesel–battery systems are $2,418 and $879, respectively. Net present cost of PV system is $13,523 and diesel system is $20,515. Results show that hybrid PV–diesel–battery energy system is more economical and environmentally friendly energy system for remote healthcare centre. Hence, it can be concluded that the renewable energy systems is a better option for healthcare centre in remote areas. Abbreviation: PV: Photovoltaic; HOMER: Hybrid optimization model for electric renewable; IEA: International energy agency; RES: Renewable energy system; HES: Hybrid energy systems; BTS: Base transceiver station; NPC: Net present cost; COE: Cost of energy; OC: Operating cost; LCC: Life cycle cost; ALCC: Annualized life cycle cost; GHG: Greenhouse gases; DG: Diesel generator; NOCT: Nominal operating cell temperature; SOC: State of charge; CC: Capital cost; RC: Replacement cost; OM: Operation & management cost; BOS: Balance of system; CGE: Cost of generated electricity; DOD: Depth of discharge

Techno-economic analysis of stand-alone wind micro-grids, compared with PV and diesel in Africa

About one third of people who lack electricity access worldwide reside in Africa, the most disadvantaged continent with respect to electricity access rates. Many Africans who lack electricity access are living in rural villages. Due to the low population densities of these villages, grid extension is economically unviable. Therefore, distributed generation using off-grid systems is a more favourable option for rural electrification in Africa. This study analyses the economic feasibility of small-scale wind systems for rural electrification in Africa. A spatial mapping model was used to enable the visualisation of the electrification costs of wind systems across the continent. The results of this analysis were integrated with previous work performed for photovoltaic (PV) and diesel systems. This integration produced a map indicating whether PV, diesel or wind systems are the least cost off-grid electrification option across the continent. The results show that PV and diesel systems are the most economically viable method of rural electrification in Africa, while wind systems are economically advantageous only within the horn of Africa and across few dispersed areas. This analysis can be used as a general framework for estimating the potential of off-grid wind systems using spatial mapping.

The Role of Renewable Energy to Achieve Energy Sustainability in Iran. An Economic and Technical Analysis of the Hybrid Power System

The aim of this study is an economic and technical analysis of a hybrid system in the Semirom city of Iran that is performed by a technical-economic analysis on combined utilization of solar-wind and diesel system. In this study HOMER software is utilized for economic assessment and optimization. At first, the related meteorological data gathered and then using Homer software the calculation was carried out. This city has good potential for solar and wind energy. The solar radiation ranges of Semirom city is from 2.88 to 7.78 kWh/m2/d, and the wind speed ranges are from 2.9 to 5.3 m/s. Solar and wind analyses on Semirom show that this city have great potential in solar and wind energy generation because this city has a proper position to receive sun solar and has high potential in wind speed for wind power generation. Regarding this study and due to high potential in solar and wind energy in Semirom, investments on renewable energy sector of this city will be economically justified.