Abstract
Frequency control represents a critically significant issue for the enhancement of the dynamic performance of isolated micro grids. The micro grid system studied here was a wind–diesel system. A new and robust optimization technique called the mine blast algorithm (MBA) was designed for tuning the PID (proportional–integral–differential) gains of the blade pitch controller of the wind turbine side and the gains of the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) controller. SMES was implemented to release and absorb active power quickly in order to achieve a balance between generation and load power, and thereby control system frequency. The minimization of frequency and output wind power deviations were considered as objective functions for the PID controller of the wind turbine, and the diesel frequency and power deviations were used as objective functions for optimizing the SMES controller gains. Different case studies were considered by applying disturbances in input wind, load power, and wind gust, and sensitivity analysis was conducted by applying harsh conditions with varying fluid coupling parameter of the wind–diesel hybrid system. The proposed MBA–SMES was compared with MBA (tuned PID pitch controller) and classical PI control systems in the Matlab environment. Simulation results showed that the MBA–SMES scheme damped the oscillations in the system output responses and improved the system performance by reducing the overshoot by 75% and 36% from classical and MBA-based systems, respectively, reduced the settling time by 45% compared to other systems, and set the final steady-state error of the frequency deviation to zero compared to other systems. The proposed scheme was extremely robust to disturbances and parameter variations.
Highlights
Remote areas mainly depend on diesel generator units to meet their load demand
A robust mine blast algorithm (MBA)-based control scheme of the isolated hybrid wind–diesel system was designed in this paper to tune the gains of two controllers
The first were the PID gains of the blade pitch controller and the second were those of the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) controller
Summary
Remote areas mainly depend on diesel generator units to meet their load demand. Transportation of fuels, and the emission of undesirable gases from diesel generator engines [1], renewable resources are the solution for supplying remote areas’ demand. The disadvantages of the photovoltaic systems are their low conversion efficiency with high cost compared to wind power. Diesel generators can be operated in conjunction with wind systems in isolated communities, and act as a standby power source to share load demand in cases of disturbance and wind energy shortage. Diesel generators are not efficient when operating at load factor below 40%–50% of their nominal power [3]. Diesel–wind systems are famous hybrid power systems These systems help to reduce fuel and generation costs. The combination adds a great advantage to the system, where the required cost of connection between the national grid to remote regions is high [5,6]
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