Diesel Engine Oil Research Articles

Oil Spill Removal from Water Surfaces using Zinc Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles as A Sorbent Material

In this study, zinc ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4, ZFO MNPs) were employed as a sorbent for the removal of oil spill from water surfaces. ZFO MNPs were synthesized via a sol-gel process and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Both the apparent density and magnetic force were determined. ZFO MNPs presented a considerable magnetic force (40.22 mN) and an adequate density (0.5287 g/cm3), which are important for the magnetic separation and flotation. Four oil samples (gasoline engine oil, crude oil, used motor oil and diesel engine oil) were used to investigate the gravimetric oil removal capability of ZFO MNPs. The oil sorption capacities were found to be 23.00-6.13, 27.65-7.42, 22.62-7.01 and 30.54-9.93 g/g for crude, diesel engine, gasoline engine, and used motor oil, respectively. The current findings demonstrate that ZFO MNPs exhibit good properties (e.g., magnetic and density) and can be used as a sorbent for oil spill cleaning-up from water surfaces.

Experimental investigation on performance, smoke and exhaust gas analysis of four stroke diesel engine using pongomia/neem oil biodiesel

Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources led to the discovery of alternative fuels forinternal combustion engines. Many alternative fuels like alcohols, petroleum gas, and compressed natural gas have been alreadycommercialized in the transport sector. In the present work, Pongomia oil and Neem oil are blended with diesel and used as analternate fuel for CI engines. The Pongomia oil and Neem oil can be converted into bio diesel using a chemical process of trans- esterification.Different proportions of fuel blends have been produced by the process of blending bio diesel consisting of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% (B10, B15, B20, B25, B30). The fuel properties of each blend are determined. The load test along with smoke and exhaust gas analysis of 4- Stroke Diesel engine using the blends of Pongomia oil and Neem oil with diesel are done in this study. The performance parameters of an engine are calculated for different blends. The sustainability of using alternate fuels in Diesel engines, especially the potential use of Pongomia oil and Neem oil as biodiesel have been brought to the fore through this work and suitable blends of bio diesel is suggested from the results.
 Keywords: 4-Stroke Diesel Engine, Pongomia and Neem oil Bo diesel, Performance, Smoke and exhaust gas analysis.

Removal of oils from water surfaces with modified Linden sawdust

The paper investigated the possibility of using modified woodworking waste to remove heavy oil products from the water surface by sorption. Sawdust of a heart-shaped linden tree (Tília cordáta) was used as sorption materials and used diesel engine oil was used as a sorbate. In order to improve the sorption capacity and increase the sorption capacity of wood waste, they were treated with ultrasound at a frequency of 35000 Hz in an aqueous medium for 4 hours. The physical and mechanical characteristics of modified sawdust have been determined: bulk density, ash content, buoyancy. Experiments on modeling engine oil spills on the water surface have shown that linden sawdust, subjected to ultrasonic action, are effective sorption materials in relation to used diesel engine oil. The degree of water purification under static adsorption conditions reaches 99%.

Study of the flammability of vegetable oils in the combustion chamber of diesel engines

Promising biofuels for diesel engines are vegetable oils and fuels derived from them. The advantages of using biofuels in internal combustion engines were considered. The problems of using vegetable oils in diesel engines have been analyzed. It is noted that the main issues of using vegetable oils are their high viscosity and their worst flammability in the combustion chamber of diesel engines. The flammability indicators of vehicle fuels in the combustion chamber of diesel engines were considered. The most important among them is the cetane number of the fuel. The factors influencing the cetane number of vegetable oils have been determined. The dependences of the cetane number of vegetable oils on the flash point in a closed-cup, the content of oleic acid, and the content of saturated fatty acids have been obtained and analyzed. These dependences have been compared with a multi-factorial dependence of the cetane number on the basic triglyceride contents.

Application of modified ash-tree sawdust for oil removal from water surfaces

This paper shows the study on the possibility of using ash-tree (Fráxinus excélsior) wood-working waste for removing heavy-oil products from aqueous surfaces by sorption method. In order to improve sorption properties, ash-tree sawdust was exposed to ultrasound treatment at 35000 Hz for 5 hours in aqueous environment. Waste diesel engine oil was used as a sorbate. The physico-mechanical properties of modified sawdust are determined: bulk density, buoyancy, moisture content, ash content and physicochemical characteristics of sorbate. The simulation of motor oil spills on the water surface was carried out; oil and water absorption were determined. It was shown that ultrasound-modified ash-tree sawdust is an effective sorbent, the degree of water purification from oil hydrocarbons amounted to 98-99% under static adsorption conditions.

Injection and Atomization of Diesel Fuel and Rapeseed Oil in Diesel Engine

A comparative analysis of properties of petroleum diesel fuel and rapeseed oil is carried out. Numerical studies of the influence of fuel properties on the injection process of fuel are carried out by using ANSYS Fluent. The steady flow of these fuels in the flow channel of an injector nozzle for a 4-stroke turbocharged diesel engine D-245.12S (with cylinder bore-to-stroke ratio 11/12.5) was simulated at the maximum injector needle lift of 0.32 mm. The flow characteristics of petroleum diesel fuel and rapeseed oil - mass fuel consumption, injection velocity, turbulent kinetic energy at the nozzle hole outlet, and the total volume concentration of fuel vapors in the nozzle hole were obtained. The relationship between the turbulent kinetic energy at the nozzle hole outlet and the parameters of the fuel spray fineness is studied. Numerical studies of the relationship between the spray cone angle and the turbulent kinetic energy at the nozzle hole outlet were carried out. A correlation between fuel spraying parameters and the turbulent kinetic energy at the nozzle hole outlet was proposed.

Bench experimental research of cylinder oil on large marine diesel engines

To lower the risks of the real ship test of the cylinder oil of large marine low-speed two-stroke marine diesel engine, A 6S50ME marine diesel engine was selected to do bench test about cylinder oil. In the calibration condition, the test cylinder oil and the reference cylinder oil were compared. The test results show that the wear amount of cylinder liners, piston rings and piston-ring-grooves is consistent with the wear condition judged by the metal element content detected by the residual oil of the cylinder. At the same time, combined with the evaluation result of the detergency and dispersibility of the cylinder oil, it can effectively judge whether the oil product can be tested on the ship. Since wear volume of element Cr and Fe tends to the stabilization after 60 hours, so it is feasible to set the diesel engine bench test at 100 hours. In addition, special attention should be paid to the control of water outlet temperature and exhaust gas temperature in the test. The cylinder oil evaluated in the above way meets the requirements of OEM after the actual ship test. Thus, the assessment method of cylinder oil based on the bench test is feasible, and can greatly shorten the test time and reduce the test cost.

Agricultural bio-waste for removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from waste diesel engine oil

Corncob, an agricultural bio-waste, was used as adsorbent to remove organic and inorganic contaminants in waste lubricating oil (WLO) from diesel engine. To improve its adsorption capacity, corncob was modified with mixed solution of nitric acid, Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and ethanol. Characterization results showed the crystallinity index of corncob enhanced 12%, which would be ascribed to the disruption of the dense lignin-carbohydrates structure in lignocellulose biomass by modification. The surface of modified corncob became smoother and porous. The adsorption results showed modified corncob had better removal rates to contaminants than raw corncob. For WLO with 80,000 km mileage, the removal rates to Fe, Al, Cu were enhanced from 19%, 6.4%, 48–27%, 27%, 53%, while that for oxide, sulphate, aromates, soot and insoluble resins were enhanced 1.7, 1.2, 3.0, 1.7 and 1.7 times. The reduction rate of total acid number to WLO with 40,000, 60,000, 80,000 km were enhanced 16%, 9%, 12% by modified corncob, respectively. The optimal adsorption condition was explored as adsorbing 60 min at 90 °C with 2% adsorbent. Corncob, with the advantages of low cost, good biodegradability and high adsorption capacity, could be used as alternative to conventional adsorbent for WLO.

Effects of chrysopogon zizanioides nano additive with palm biodiesel on engine performance and exhaust emissions

There is a necessity to find suitable substitutes for the petroleum-based fuels as conventional fuels are decreasing in order in recent decades. Vegetable oils are more attractive as an alternative fuel for diesel as they are renewable and can be used in engines without employing any significant modifications. The main problems with the use of vegetable oils in diesel engines are high smoke levels and relatively low thermal efficiency due to high viscosity and carbon residue as compared to diesel. The usage of biodiesel increased due to the shortage of availability and increase in the cost of standard fuel in the market. In this paper, the chrysopogon zizanioides dry seeds were converted into nano-sized particle as the additive and blended with biodiesel-diesel blends with various volumetric proportions were used as fuel. The performance parameters of a diesel engine fuelled with standard diesel and chrysopogon zizanioides nano particle mixed biodiesel blends were evaluated. Engine emission tests for diesel fuel with chrysopogon zizanioides nanoparticles were performed. From the experimental results, it was observed with the addition of nano particles decreases emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, smoke and increases oxygen and proved that the fuel prepared with nano additives could be a replacement for the standard diesel.

Emission and performance behaviour of blends of diesel/lemongrass oil in DI diesel engine

Feedstock costs accounts for the larger percentage of biofuel production. The use of lemongrass oil and optimization of the oil production process that increases the yield and production cost considerably decreases. The objective of this research is to explore the emission and performance behaviour of diesel engine fuelled with lemongrass oil (LGO). LGO was extracted by steam distillation process and various lemon grass oil blends were prepared and tested in a diesel engine. Compare to different blends, 20% lemongrass oil with diesel shows better performance on par with the operation of diesel fuel regarding BTE and exhaust emission. The BTE of B20 is 30.07% and diesel is 33.78%. Alongside the B20 emits 1758 ppm of NOx, though diesel emits 1855 ppm and LGO (B100) emits 1714 ppm of NOx. The smoke emission of B20 is 65% and diesel is 85.5%. This research proves that the lemongrass oil is good quality and can be used to substitute the fossil based diesel.

Research on the combustion process in the Fiat 1.3 Multijet engine fueled with rapeseed methyl esters

Abstract The aim of the paper is to analyze and evaluate the basic parameters of the combustion process in a modern Fiat 1.3 Multijet diesel engine, fuelled esters (FAME) and diesel oil. During the tests on an engine test bed, the pressure waveforms in the cylinder were measured, on the basis of which the averaged actual indicator graphs were established in the determined engine operating conditions. On their basis, the pressure increase rates were determined and heat release characteristics were prepared based on the equation of the first principle of thermodynamics. The characteristics of the relative amount of heat released and the characteristics of the relative heat release rate were determined. The use of rapeseed methyl esters to supply the engine had an impact on the parameters of the combustion process as compared to its supply with diesel oil. Differences in the waveforms of heat release characteristics of the engine powered by the tested fuels are significantly greater at low loads. At the lowest engine loads, esters burn much faster than diesel oil. With the increase in engine load, the differences in the waveform of heat release characteristics during combustion of these fuels were significantly smaller.

Спектроскопические исследования масляных фракций Западно-Абшеронской нефти

The composition and paramagnetism of oil fractions (300-350oC), (350-400oC), (400-450oC), and (450-500oC) of West-Absheron oil were studied using IR, ESR spectroscopy and luminescence methods. In all these refineries, asphaltene radicals with a concentration of 1018spin/g are registered, which screen all paramagnetic particles present in the oil system. With the exception of the fraction (300-350oC), in which much lower than in the listed fractions, it was possible to register the spectra of metal oxides (DHwidth=117mtl, g=2.7), the spectra from aromatic hydrocarbon radicals (DНwidth=10mtl, g=2.4), which was also registered in the fr.(140-3200C) of the oil itself. The presence of these petroleum products greatly reduces the oil viscosity index. As a result of the cleaning of the latter with an ionic liquid and an adsorption method in the studied oil fractions were found in trace amounts. The increase in the viscosity index of the oil fr. (350-500oC) was increased only after the addition of a foreign Lubrizol additive concentrate. Thus, the SAE15W40 engine oil with a viscosity index of 101.2 and a low pour point (-30oC) was obtained, which is recommended as a motor oil for diesel engines.

The Influence of Water Content on the Acid Number of Diesel Engine Lubricant in Electrochemical Measurement

Acid Number is one of the important characteristics of lubricating oil. In this study, thick film (TF) potentiometric sensors based on ion-selective electrodes (ISE) were used to determine the acid acidity of the diesel engine oil to determine the oxidation duration of the oil. This is a real-time online detection method. Two working electrodes (polymer electrode and glass electrode) and a reference electrode (bare Ag electrode) were fabricated, and the acid acidity of the diesel engine lubricant was expressed in the form of voltage, which overcomes the insufficiency of the titration endpoint in the titration method. Among oil products, most varieties only allow traces (water content below 0.3%) of moisture, and some oil products do not allow moisture. Water in oil can emulsify diesel engine lubricant, decompose additives, promote the oxidation of oil products. It affects the low-temperature fluidity of oil products. For transformer oil, extremely small amounts of water will seriously affect its insulation performance. In the experiment, the influences of water content for the acid acidity of the diesel engine lubricant were considered and tested.

Analysis of the Effect of Biodiesel B20 and B100 on the Degradation of Viscosity and Total Base Number of Lubricating Oil in Diesel Engines with Long-Term Operation Using ASTM D2896 and ASTM D445-06 Methods

Based on its characteristics, biodiesel has a higher density, viscosity, and acidity level than diesel fuel, so it has a disadvantages in terms of lubricants especially in the long run. The impact, it can decrease the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant, a decrease in the total base number, and the impact by decreased of the engine performance. This research aims to determine the characteristics of lubricants from the use of biodiesel (B20 and B100) related to the kinematic viscosity of lubricants and Total Base Number (TBN). The testing method were used ASTM D2896-15 and ASTM D445-06 standard. The study used two units Kubota RD 65 DI-NB diesel engines with a cylinder volume of 376 cc. The rotary speed of the machine was keep constant at 2200 rpm and were operated for 300 hours non-stop. Moreover, the sampled was carried out every multiple of 100 hours. Based on the research results, the quality of lubricants with B100 fuel is no better than lubricants with B20 fuel. B100-fueled lubricants have kinematic viscosity values at temperatures of 40 °C and 100 °C and has lower TBN values than B20-fueled lubricants.

BIOREMEDIATION OF CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL BY HYDROCARBON DEGRADING BACTERIA

Proficiency of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria useful for eradicating soil pollution stimulated by seepage of petroleum and their derivative substances, therefore, sequestered different bacterial isolates were bear significant merits for utilizing hydrocarbons as an uncommon source of their growth and development. A colorimetric assay was performed at 595 nm wavelength which was subjected to the mineral salt broth with 1% oil (petrol, diesel, and burned out engine oil). This broth having minimum nutrients used by inoculated bacteria in which some isolates were adopted for taking a sufficient amount of either petrol, diesel, or burned-out engine oil as carbon source hence increases its turbidity that was measured in two days time interval up to twelve days of observation. We found that selected isolates were able to degrade burned out engine oil efficiently in contrast to petrol and diesel. At optical density 0.21± 0.13, 0.19±0.08, 0.18±0.09, 0.17±0.12 the result showed by isolatesBI-7, BI-2, BI-4, BI-6goodcompetency to degrade burned out engine oil. On the other hand, maximum diesel and petrol utilized by BI-2 & BI-1 isolate at O.D. 0.09±0.02, 0.05±0.02 was recorded. Most of the bacterial isolates resulted in a positive biochemical test. BI-1 & BI-7 resulted in positive starch hydrolysis test, whereas, all isolates resulted in positive urease test, simultaneously negative results for all isolates obtained when catalase and antibiotic sensitivity test against streptomycin were performed.

Tribological performance of engine oil with graphene oxide nano additives on cylinder liner honing surface at high contact pressure

Improving the friction and wear characteristics of lubricants employing dispersed nanoparticles is a major area of research. This paper focuses on the wear and friction analysis of a plateau honed cylinder liner surface when lubricated with Graphene oxide nanoparticles dispersed in SAE 15 W40 API CH4 diesel engine oil. Experiments are carried out on a reciprocating tribometer. The friction coefficient and wear rate are used to quantify the tribological characteristics of lubricant added with nano-particles. On contrary to the past observations on polished surfaces, experiments conducted using honed engine liner and engine oils with nanoparticles have shown improvement only on the wear characteristics. It is noted that in case of a honed engine liner surface under high contact pressure lubricated with oil dispersed with 0.5 mg/l of Graphene oxide, the anti-wear characteristics improve by 37% whereas the coefficient of friction has only marginal improvement.

Analysis of Hydrocarbon Mixture Performance of a Dual-Channel Swirl Engine

In order to understand and improve the oil and gas mixing performance of a dual-channel vortex chamber diesel engine, the BH175F dual-channel vortex chamber combustion system was used as the research foundation, and the oil-gas mixture process of the combustion system was numerically analyzed. By analyzing the cylinder temperature, cylinder pressure, mixing process and combustion process of the combustion system, the mixture performance of the combustion system was studied. Results indicated that: The mixture of the compression Top Dead Center (TDC) started to enter the main combustion chamber through the start-up hole; when the piston reached 4° After Top Dead Center (ATDC), the mixture started to enter the main combustion chamber through the connecting channels A and B, and the high-concentration mixture entered the main combustion from the start-up hole; when the piston continued running down to 20° and 25° ATDC, it could be seen that the main combustion chamber mixture was already relatively uniform; besides, when the equivalence ratio was between 0.8 and 1, the air-fuel mixture was unevenly distributed in the main combustion chamber. It provides guidance for further improvement of the combustion system.

Study on Bio-Diesel as Alternate Fuel Used in I.C. Engines

One of the major incentives for expanding the production and use of bio-fuels worldwide is the potential environmental benefit that can be obtained from replacing petroleum fuels with fuels derived from renewable biomass resources. The use of vegetable oil in diesel engines is one of the available alternatives, but its use in existing vehicles usually requires modification of engine or fuel system components. The increased viscosity, low volatility, and poor cold flow properties of vegetable oils lead to severe engine deposits, injector coking, and piston ring sticking. The paper presents a literature review on vegetable oils as alternative bio-fuel for diesel engines.

Percentage Analysis Mixed of CPO, Phosphic Acid and Sodium Hydroxide as a Replacement for Diesel Engine Oil Fuel Using a Calorize Test

One of the researches being developed is to produce methyl esters from CPO through transesterification reaction of vegetable oil (triglycerides) with methanol. Biodiesel from crude palm oil is a new hope for answering some of the energy needs. know the rate of combustion of the biodiesel produced. Biodiesel that is produced from a mixture of CPO, phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide, with a percentage of I. 98% CPO, 1% Phosphoric Acid, 1% Sodium Hydroxide: II. 95% CPO, 2% Phosphoric Acid, 3% Sodium Hydroxide: III. 95% CPO, 3% Phosphoric Acid, 2% Sodium Hydroxide. The results showed that the most effective mixture was 95% CPO, 3% acid phosphate and 2% sodium hydroxide with a burning rate of 0.309 g / minute in 30.42 minutes with a final temperature of 57 (oC).

Pyrolysis oil for diesel engines from plastic solid waste: a performance, combustion and emission study

Demand of energy and global warming aggravates the search of green alternate renewable resources. Furthermore, conversion of solid waste into the useful energy has huge potential. This study analyses the effect of pyrolysis plastic oil into the water-cooled diesel engine. Besides, the nanoparticle TiO2 was sonicated at 100 ppm at 25 kHz. A series of test was conducted at various engine loads to examine the effect of pyrolysis oil. From the results it is evident that addition of the pyrolysis plastic oil is possible without executing major modifications to the engine. On the contrary, the brake thermal efficiency was slightly lower than that of conventional diesel engine. However, addition of the nanoparticles showed a profound change in BTE and BSEC. At higher speed the emission of NOx is higher in both testing fuels than that of diesel. However, HC and CO2 emission levels are lower.