Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Research Articles

Citric acid modulated strong magnetic CoFe-LDH/CoFe2O4 coupled dielectric barrier discharge plasma for efficient levofloxacin degradation: Enhanced internal electric field and accelerated electron migration

A novel citric acid (CA) modulation strategy was developed to prepare strong magnetic CoFe-LDH/CoFe2O4-C composites, which were combined with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to effectively degrade levofloxacin (LEV) in wastewater. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) test showed that CA modulation facilitated a more powerful internal electric field to drive rapid charge migration. The addition of CoFe-LDH/CoFe2O4-C increased LEV degradation from 78.2% to 98.6% and reduced energy efficiency from 24.77 to 8.93 kWh m–3. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra showed the CoFe-LDH/CoFe2O4-C could take full advantage of the active substances originating from DBD plasma and highlighted the role of 1O2 and ·O2–. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that the heterojunction can not only drive faster electron migration but also reduce the energy barrier of O3 decomposition. Possible degradation pathways for LEV were proposed. This study opened up a new avenue for the synthesis of applicable catalysts for plasma systems in water treatment areas.

Comparison of Effects of Plasma Surface Modifications of Bamboo and Hemp Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites

In this study, we investigated the behaviors of epoxy composites reinforced with bamboo (BF) and hemp (HF) fibers. Both fibers were treated using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma for various durations (2.5 to 20 min). Epoxy resin (ER) was mixed with BF or HF with and without plasma treatment. The Fourier-transform infrared spectra of the plasma-treated fibers showed an enhanced peak intensity of carboxyl groups. ER/BF treated for 20 min exhibited a high tensile strength (up to 56.5 MPa), while ER/HF treated for 20 min exhibited a more significant increase in elongation at break (6.4%). Flexural tests indicated that the plasma treatment significantly improved the flexural strength of the hemp composites (up to 62.2 MPa) compared to the bamboo composites. The plasma treatment increased the fiber surface roughness and interfacial bonding in both composites. The thermal stability and wettability were improved by the DBD plasma treatment. The DBD plasma treatment enhanced the interfacial adhesion between fibers and ER matrix, which improved the mechanical, thermal, and wettability properties of the composites.

Enhanced degradation and mineralization of OFX in water: Triggering the shift of dominant role from •OH to O2•- in dielectric barrier discharge plasma system

Faced with the threat to water environment posed by non-standard antibiotic usage, enhanced removal and mineralization of ofloxacin (OFX) were achieved concurrently by adding MnFe2O4/MXene to trigger the dominant role of O2•- based on dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP). The electron (e-)-hole (h+) pairs formed by the action of high-energy electrons or photons in DBDP on MnFe2O4/MXene created the majority of the O2•- through catalyzing H2O2 and O2. Besides, multiple advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), Fenton-like reaction and O3 catalysis for example, were also involved in the MnFe2O4/MXene-DBDP system. MXene effectively inhibited the recombination of e--h+ pairs, while also facilitating the charge transfer from Mn/Fe sites to the antibonding orbits of the adsorbed H2O2, O2 and O3. Notably, the predicted serial toxicities of potential intermediates confirmed the necessity of focusing on mineralization efficacy. This study provided a promising alternative for refractory organic pollutant removal and enriched the catalytic mechanism at the micro level.

Addressing NOX formation mechanisms of NH3/H2 dual-fuel flame under DBD plasma-assisted combustion resolved by intermediate radicals analysis

In order to attain carbon-neutrality, the implementation of zero-carbon fuel containing ammonia (NH3)/hydrogen (H2) has become more and more practically popular. This work focuses on addressing the combustion performance and nitrogen oxide (NOX) formation mechanisms of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-assisted NH3/H2 dual-fuel flames at varied plasma voltages (VAC) and hydrogen ratios (ZH2), which were resolved by PLIF and chemiluminescence techniques concurrently. The analytical results obtained show that VAC had positive effectiveness on contributing to NOX emissions with a threshold of VAC = 11 kV found for triggering NOX formation. With VAC increased from 11 kV to 12.5 kV constantly, NOX grew dramatically by 8.3%–12.3% (ZH2 elevated from 0.2 to 0.3). This phenomenon was mainly because of the growing propagation of OH radicals being faster than that of NH2 radicals. Besides, three NOX formation regions, including low-formation region, medium-formation region and high-formation region were determined, which essentially reflected that hydrogen ratio predominated over discharge voltage on forming NOx. Moreover, the inter-relationship between flame surface density (FSD, revealing combustion intensity) and NOX has been comprehensively explored. And high DBD-VAC (with low hydrogen blending ratio) was found to significantly promote the FSD resulting in better combustion intensity, but caused inappreciable NOX formation. In upcoming future application, high voltage of DBD plasma could be utilized for replacing high hydrogen blending ratio in ammonia/hydrogen combustion, to obtain promotional combustion intensity with effective NOX control.

Feasibility study on the suitability of dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment of desert sand for concrete production purposes

Feasibility study on the suitability of dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment of desert sand for concrete production purposes

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnS/TiO2 nanocomposite by nitrogen and tetrafluoromethane plasma treatments

In the present study, the photocatalytic performance of ZnS/TiO2 nanocomposite was investigated through the photodegradation of Acid Blue 113 (AB113) dye under ultraviolet light exposure. TiO2 and ZnS-based nanocomposites suffer from relatively wide bandgap energy and low adsorption capacity which limit their photocatalytic applications. These problems can be suppressed by modifying the surface of nanocomposite particles by the non-thermal plasma. Herein, surface modification of the ZnS/TiO2 nanocomposite was performed using a dielectric-barrier discharge plasma under nitrogen (N2) and tetrafluoromethane (CF4) gases. The characteristics of the plasma-treated nanocomposites were evaluated by XRD, FTIR, Raman, FESEM, EDS, BET, BJH, and DRS analyses. According to the results, by applying plasma treatment, cation and anion vacancies are produced that reduces the band gap energy of the photocatalyst hence improves its performance. The results indicate that the photocatalytic efficiency of the N2-plasma-treated nanocatalyst has been almost two times higher than that of the untreated ZnS/TiO2. It was found that after 25 min of UV irradiation, the AB113 was almost completely degraded in the presence of N2-plasma-treated ZnS/TiO2 nanocomposite (about 95%), whereas, it was degraded by 64% and 46% in the presence of CF4-plasma-treated ZnS/TiO2 and untreated ZnS/TiO2, respectively. This study presents a new approach to designing cost-effective plasma-treated photocatalysts to degrade organic contaminants in wastewater.

Dielectric barrier discharge plasma-assisted construction of LDH containing multiple defects for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

Defect engineering is an increasingly popular strategy for boosting photocatalytic activity. However, given the variety of defect types and their differential performance across various materials, it remains unclear that how different defects affect photocatalytic performance. Accordingly, a defective Layered double hydroxides (LDH) containing two different types of defects (bulk defects and point defects (oxygen vacancies)) are created by Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma treatment, which confirmed the presence of the defects using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). As the DBD treatment time increases, the bulk defect and point defects (oxygen vacancies) also increase and the distribution of oxygen vacancies is more uniform. These defects work together to enhance the visible light absorption, and to separate electrons and holes effectively, leading to a significant reduction in impedance. Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) analysis shows that the material with double defects and a more uniform distribution of oxygen vacancies has more electrons accumulated on its surface, and the electron transfer rate inside the material is faster. The effectiveness of LDH-90 was 66% higher than LDH in the degradation of tetracycline in 80 min. The study also explored the active species and degradation pathways involved. Lastly, the impact of the two types of defects on the performance of LDH is demonstrated. This study offers a fresh strategy to build two types of defects for improving interfacial charge migration by DBD plasma treatment.

Sublethal injury and recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7 after dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment.

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma can be used to control food spoilage and food pathogens. However, DBD plasma may induce sublethal injury in microorganisms, constituting a considerable risk to food safety. This research was designed to investigate the sublethal injury and recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7 after DBD plasma treatment. The results indicated that the sublethal injury ratios of cells rose along with the augmentation of treatment time and input power of DBD plasma under mild treatment conditions, whereas injury accumulation ultimately culminated in cell death. The highest sublethal ratio of 99.3% was obtained after DBD plasma treatment at 18W for 40s. When solutions such as phosphate buffered saline (PBS), peptone water, glucose solution, and tryptic soy broth (TSB) were used for cell recovery, TSB was proven to be the most efficacious, facilitating the completion of recovery within 2h. The repair ratio of injured cells increased as the recovery pH (3.0-7.0) and temperature (4-37 ºC) increased. Moreover, Mg2+ and Zn2+ were demonstrated to be necessary for the recovery process, while Ca2+ presented a weak effect. Understanding the sublethal injury of bacteria resulting from DBD plasma treatment and their repair conditions can provide useful insight into avoiding the occurrence of sublethal injury as well as inhibiting the occurrence of recovery during food processing and storage.

Post plasma-catalysis for room-temperature removal of gaseous styrene over monolithic nickel foam catalysts: Synergistic effect and stability test

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was employed to enhance gaseous styrene removal on nickel foam (NF) based monolithic catalysts, including Cu-CeO2@NF and CoFe2O4@NF, which were in situ prepared on NF by hydrothermal method. A post plasma-catalytic reactor setup was designed to evaluate the styrene removal performance. Among the NF based monolithic catalysts, Cu-CeO2@NF demonstrated the highest thermal catalytic activity (T90 = 253 °C). DBD plasma achieved a remarkable styrene removal efficiency of 90 % at room temperature under the peak voltage of 5.7 kV. When NF based monolithic catalysts were combined with DBD plasma, CoFe2O4@NF exhibited the most optimal styrene removal performance with a styrene removal rate of 2.41 molC8H8 g−1 h−1 and an energy efficiency of 48.7 gC8H8 kWh−1 at room temperature. The primary reaction by-products were low toxicity and odorless benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde and benzoic acid. Furthermore, the mechanism of NF based monolithic catalysts synergistic with DBD plasma was studied, and it was found that the active oxygen species generated by DBD could be transformed by CoFe2O4@NF to be superoxide species, achieving efficient and stable removal of styrene.

Polymerization of Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate Inside Filter Paper via Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma

This work explores the polymerization of sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (NaSS) inside filter paper using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and its application in the environmental field. The plasma-based technique, performed under mild conditions, solves common problems associated with conventional polymerization inside porous materials. The polymerization process was monitored using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which confirmed the consumption of double bonds, particularly in NaSS samples containing the optimal concentration of crosslinker divinyl benzene (DVB) (0.25% wt). Our work demonstrates the effectiveness and promise of DBD plasma as a substitute polymerization approach, especially for those in porous materials.

DBD plasma induced SMOSI and encapsulation for regulation of Brønsted-Lewis acid sites of Cr-MOFs@ZrO2

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma for the synthesis of Zr-MOFs followed by the calcination and combination with Cr-MOFs was presented to prepare a Brønsted-Lewis bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The strong electric field on the catalyst surface formed by DBD plasma induced the enhancement of strong metal oxide support interaction (SMOSI), which could be indicated by XPS. SMOSI could change the embedding degree of metal micro-particles. SMOSI accompanied with the encapsulation of Zr metal nanoparticles could regulate the acid sites of the catalysts. Lewis acid played an important role in the isomerization of glucose to fructose, while Brønsted acid played a key role in the further conversion of glucose. The strong Brønsted acid sites determined the conversion of glucose to HMF. Cr-MOFs@ZrO2-D with the DBD plasma method afforded a higher Brønsted to Lewis acid ratio, compared with Cr-MOFs@ZrO2-S with the hydrothermal method. Glucose conversion of 97.9 % and HMF yield of 38 % were obtained with DMF solvent system and Cr-MOFs@ZrO2-D at 150 °C for 2h. This research provided a new method for preparing Zr-MOFs by DBD plasma and a new idea to comprehensively understand the role of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites in glucose conversion.

Effects of pulse rise time and pulse width on discharge mode transition of SDBD plasma under repetitive pulses

Abstract Affected by environmental states and power supply parameters, the discharge mode of surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) plasma may gradually transfer from O3 mode to NO x mode, resulting in various gas-phase species for different applications. Despite the intensive study of attempts to control this discharge mode transition by changing discharge conditions and power excitations in recent years, the effects of the pulse rise time and the pulse width on the discharge mode transition have not been discussed. In the present study, a SDBD was excited by repetitive pulses with different pulse rise times or pulse widths, and the time-varying concentrations of key long-lived species (O3 and NO2) were quantified. The results demonstrated that it was possible to modulate the discharge mode by adjusting pulse rise time/pulse width. The quenching of O3 was observed to occur at a faster rate and the mode transition was noted to occur at an earlier point in time as the pulse rise time decreased from 225 ns to 125 ns and the pulse width increased from 0.5 μs to 4 μs. The employment of a zero-dimensional model for the analysis of plasma chemical kinetics revealed that the reduction in pulse rise time and the prolongation of pulse width resulted in an increase in the mean vibrational energy of N2(v) and a more rapid electrode temperature rise caused by plasma heating. The former enhanced the generation of NO, while the latter accelerated the thermal decomposition of O3, thereby promoting the speed of mode transition.

Investigation of highly efficient CO2 hydrogenation at ambient conditions using dielectric barrier discharge plasma

The increasing utilization of CO2 for synthesizing high-value fuels or essential chemicals is a potentially effective approach to mitigating global warming and climate change. Compared to thermal catalytic CO2 conversion under hash operating conditions (400–500°C, 10 ​MPa), non-thermal plasma can overcome kinetic barriers and trigger reactions beyond thermal equilibrium at ambient temperature and pressure. In this study, the effects of operating conditions (discharge frequency, input power, and gas flow rate) and geometrical parameters (discharge length, discharge gap, and dielectric materials) have been extensively analyzed using typical cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. The discharge characteristics changed by operating conditions (including waveforms of applied voltage and current) are compared, indicating higher applied voltage and lower gas flow rate can strengthen the filamentary discharges. The results demonstrate CO2 conversion rate increases with the increase of applied voltage and the decrease of CO2/H2 ratio, achieving its maximum value of 43.0% at 20 ​mL/min. The highest energy efficiency of 3771.9 ​μg/kJ for CO generation is obtained at the applied voltage of 5.5 ​kV and gas flow rate of 40 ​mL/min, respectively. Besides, the constructure of plasma reactor also impacts the performance of CO2 conversion. On the one hand, the discharge gap has a significant role in the variation of CO2 conversion and product selectivity, which is attributed to the electric field density and corresponding electron-induced reaction. On the other hand, the circulating water-cooling jacket was used to find out the influence of reaction temperature, which switched the product from CO to CH4. This work will pave the way for a sustainable alternative towards future CO2 conversion and utilization.

Surface modification of fabrics using dielectric barrier discharge plasma for improved antifouling performance

Abstract Surface modification of fabrics is an effective way to endow them with antifouling properties while still maintain their key advantages like comfort, softness, and stretchability. Herein, an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma method is demonstrated for the processing of silk fabrics using 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDS) as the precursor. The results showed the successful grafting of PFDS groups on the surface of silk fabrics without causing damage. Meanwhile, the gas temperature is rather low during the whole processing procedure, suggesting the non-equilibrium characteristics of DBD plasma. The influence of processing parameters on fabrics was systematically investigated, like the PFDS concentration, plasma treatment time, and plasma discharge power. An optimum processing condition was determined to be PFDS concentration: 8 wt%, plasma processing time: 40 s, and plasma power: 11.87 W. However, with the prolonged plasma processing time or enhanced plasma power, the plasma-grafted PFDS films could be degraded. Further study revealed that plasma processing of silk fabrics with PFDS would lead to the change of their chemical composition and surface roughness. As a result, the surface energy of the fabrics was reduced, accompanied by the improved water and oil repellency properties as well as enhanced antifouling performance. Besides, the plasma-grafted PFDS films also had good durability and stability. By extending the fabrics to polyester and wool against different oil-/water-based stains, the DBD plasma surface modification technique demonstrated good versatility in improving the antifouling properties of fabrics. This work provides a guidance for the surface modification of fabrics using DBD plasma to confer them with desirable functionalities.

Ag enhanced CuS nanoflower catalyst coupling dielectric barrier discharge plasma for disinfection performance and mechanism

In this study, the hydrothermal method was employed to grow submicron CuS on carbon cloth (CC), and the photoreduction method was used to grow Ag nanoparticles on the CuS submicron flowers, thus forming the Ag/CuS/CC catalytic electrode. The application of Ag/CuS/CC electrode-coupled dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in the disinfection of pathogenic bacteria in water was studied. The Ag/CuS/CC electrode exhibits strong antibacterial activity, and under an external voltage of 30 V, the degradation efficiency of Bacillus subtilis reaches 99.99% within 15 min without regeneration. After five cycles, the inactivation rate of Bacillus subtilis reached 99.99% within 25 min. The practical applicability of the Ag/CuS/CC-coupled DBD system for treating actual wastewater was evaluated, and the changes in biological toxicity were investigated. The results indicate that the prepared Ag/CuS/CC coupled DBD has great potential for safe disinfection of pathogenic bacteria in water through integrated processes.

Optimizing beet seed germination via dielectric barrier discharge plasma parameters

This study explores the synergistic effects of gas composition and electric field modulation on beetroot seed germination using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. The investigation initially focuses on the impact of air plasma exposure on germination parameters, varying both voltage and treatment duration. Subsequently, the study examines how different gas compositions (argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide) affect germination outcomes under optimal air plasma conditions. Results indicate that plasma treatment significantly enhances germination rates and seedling growth relative to untreated controls. Notably, plasma exposure alters seed surface morphology and chemistry, increasing roughness, porosity, and hydrophilicity due to the formation of new polar functional groups. The highest germination rate (a 54.84 % increase) and germination index (a 40.11 % increase) were observed at the lowest voltage and shortest duration, whereas higher voltages and prolonged exposure reduced germination, likely due to oxidative stress. Among the tested gas environments, air plasma was most effective in enhancing water uptake and electrical conductivity, while oxygen plasma resulted in the highest germination index and marked improvements in root and shoot length. Conversely, carbon dioxide plasma treatment exhibited inhibitory effects on both germination and subsequent growth metrics. The results highlight the potential of DBD plasma technology to enhance agricultural productivity by optimizing seed germination and early growth. The study emphasizes the importance of precise parameter tuning, particularly gas composition and plasma exposure conditions, to maximize benefits while minimizing adverse effects, offering a refined approach to seed priming in agricultural practices.

Designing persimmon-liked FeOOH-(CrCo)Ox on the plasma-treated cobalt foam for a highly efficient oxygen evolution in an alkaline-seawater electrolyte

Widespread use of high-purity water for hydrogen production in the electrocatalysis field may intensify the shortage of freshwater resource. Although the seawater is abundant, its practical application still faces many challenges due to the adverse chlorine ion reactions and severe corrosiveness, which leads to a low selectivity and poor stability of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, the persimmon-like iron-chromium-cobalt metal oxides (FeOOH-(CrCo)Ox) is in-situ engineered on the Co foam surface modified by the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma (PCF). The obtained FeOOH-(CrCo)Ox/PCF exposes a large specific surface area and rich heterojunction interfaces. Therefore, the optimized electronic structure of FeOOH-(CrCo)Ox/PCF achieves a commercial-grade current density of 1000 mA cm−2 (j1000) with only a overpotential of 348 mV in 1 M KOH, as well as 306 mV for delivering j100 in a harsh alkaline seawater. Additionally, the FeOOH-(CrCo)Ox/PCF also demonstrates an excellent electrocatalytic stability for effectively inhibiting the chlorine corrosion, and only 5.2 % and 17.5 % activity decay occur after 250 h I-t tests with high current densities in 1 M KOH and alkaline seawater, respectively. Furthermore, the DFT results disclose that the synergistic effect between Fe and Co oxides causes a remarkable OER performance, and the Co sites at the FeOOH-CoO interface acts as the main active centers for seawater splitting, promoting the O2 generation effectively.

Experimental Study on the Effect of H2O Concentration on the Degradation of Sulfur Hexafluoride by Two-Stage Tandem DBD.

SF6 is a greenhouse gas widely used in the power industry that cannot be directly emitted. This study employs a self-designed two-stage dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma series method that was used to degrade SF6 gas and analyzes the effect of H2O concentration. The results indicate that the SF6 degradation rate (DR) initially increased and then decreased with the rise in the water vapor content. When the added H2O concentration increased from 0.5 to 1.5%, the degradation rate of SF6 increased from 89.49 to 100%, achieving complete degradation of SF6. However, when the H2O concentration further increases to 2.5%, the degradation rate of SF6 decreased to 92.83%. The energy efficiency of SF6 degradation in the primary reaction system first increased and then decreased with the increase of H2O concentration, while that of SF6 in the secondary reaction system first decreased and then increased. It was found that the products of SF6 were SO2F2, SO2, SOF2, and SOF4. The addition of H2O increased the selectivity of SO2 in the decomposition products to 75.17%, and inhibit the formation of SO2F2 and SOF2. This study provides experimental support for the degradation of SF6 waste gas and provides a research direction for its industrial application.

Experimental Analysis of Flow Separation Control by a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuator in Burst-in-Burst Actuation Mode

This study investigated the effectiveness of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator operating in burst-in-burst (BIB) mode for flow separation control on a NACA 0015 airfoil. Time-resolved particle image velocimetry measurements were conducted at a Reynolds number of 66,000 and 13° angle of attack. Various BIB signal configurations were tested, with actuation periods of 70 ms and 150 ms, non-actuation periods ranging from 5 ms to 50 ms, and burst frequencies of 300 Hz and 600 Hz. Proper orthogonal decomposition was applied to analyze the flow field dynamics. The results showed that BIB actuation maintained flow attachment with reduced power consumption compared with continuous burst actuation. However, the effectiveness was highly sensitive to the BIB parameters, with some configurations failing to achieve consistent reattachment and becoming unstable. This study reveals complex interactions between actuation vortices and separation processes, highlighting both the potential and challenges of intermittent plasma actuation for efficient flow control.

Plasma coupled with ultrasonic for degradation of organic pollutants in water: Revealing the generation of free radicals and the dominant degradation pathways

This study explores the synergistic effects of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma coupled with ultrasound (US) in the degradation of organic pollutants in water. The optimal degradation conditions were determined to be 100 W ultrasonic power, 190 V DBD plasma voltage, and neutral pH. The combination of DBD plasma and US significantly enhances the generation of reactive species (·OH, ·O2-, and 1O2), leading to a 97.3 % degradation efficiency of methyl orange (MO), which is 17.3 % higher than DBD plasma alone. Electron spin resonance (ESR) identified ·OH, ·O2-, and 1O2 in DBD/US system, and radical scavengers were employed to elucidate their roles. The degradation process was assessed through changes in pH, conductivity, TOC and COD, with characterization and analysis via UV-Vis and LC-MS. By combining LC-MS with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, nine intermediates were identified and three degradation pathways dominated by free radicals were established. Additionally, the DBD/US system treated wastewater containing sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfadiazine (SDZ), tetracycline (TC), and ciprofloxacin (CIP), achieving degradation rates exceeding 80 %. These findings suggest that the DBD/US coupled system holds promising potential for treating organic pollutant wastewater.