Diamond Pattern Research Articles

인타샤(Intarsia) 스웨터 직조를 위한 실 연결 방법의 유전자 알고리즘 해법 연구

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to find an optimal weaving connection method of sweater threads while weaving intarsia sweater by the genetic algorithm. The objective function was devised to minimize labor cost and lessen the amount of thread usage. In order to create the parental pop ulation group in the genetic algorithm, we developed five thread connection methods. Besides, elite chromosome screening methods for the offspring group was selected both to the whole chromosome thread elite and to a color-coded elite thread chromosome. Commonly used diamond pattern in Intarsia sweater manufacturing was applied to the experiments. The experimental results showed that thread system saved the labor and material costs than woven method under the existing software. When weaving Intarsia sweater in the field, we can apply the developed genetic algorithm to improve productivity of weaving con-nection method. Keywords：Genetic Algorithm, Intarsia, Sweater, Yarn Weaving, Color Elite , Heuristic Yarn’s Link, Distance Factor, Yarn Cross-Link Factor

Patterning of nanodiamond tracks and nanocrystalline diamond films using a micropipette for additive direct-write processing.

The ability to pattern the seeding of nanodiamonds (NDs), and thus selectively control areas of diamond growth, is a useful capability for many applications, including photonics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) prototyping, and biomaterial design. A microprinting technique using a computer-driven micropipette has been developed to deposit patterns of ND monolayers from an unreactive water/glycerol ND ink to 5-μm resolution. The concentration and composition of the ND solution were optimized to realize high-density monolayers of NDs and consistent ND printing. Subsequent nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) patterns grown using chemical vapor deposition showed a high level of compliance with the printed ND pattern. This "direct-write", bottom-up, and additive process offers a versatile and simple alternative to pattern diamond. The process has the particular advantage that it does not require lithography or destructive processing such as reactive-ion etching (RIE) and, pertinently, does not involve reactive chemicals that could alter the surface chemistry of NDs. Furthermore, given that this process obviates the use of conventional lithography, substrates that are not suitable for lithographic processing (e.g., excessively small or three-dimensional structured substrates) can be inscribed with ND patterns. The technique also allows for the growth of discrete, localized, single-crystal nanodiamonds with applications in quantum technology.

Selective Laser Direct Patterning of Silver Nanowire Percolation Network Transparent Conductor for Capacitive Touch Panel.

We introduce a facile method to enhance the functionality of a patterned metallic transparent conductor through selective laser ablation of metal nanowire percolation network. By scanning focused nanosecond pulsed laser on silver nanowire percolation network, silver nanowires are selectively ablated and patterned without using any conventional chemical etching or photolithography steps. Various arbitrary patterns of silver nanowire transparent conductors are readily created on the percolation network by changing various laser parameters such as repetition rate and power. The macroscopic optical and electrical properties of the percolation network transparent conductor can be easily tuned by changing the conductor pattern design via digital selective laser ablation. Further investigation on the silver nanowire based electrode line prepared by the ablation process substantiates that the general relation for a conducting thin film fails at a narrow width, which should be considered for the applications that requires a high resolution patterns. Finally, as a proof of concept, a capacitive touch sensor with diamond patterns has been demonstrated by selective laser ablation of metal nanowire percolation network.

Biopattern transfer using diatom frustules for fabrication of functional micro/nanostructures

Diatom frustules exhibit various sophisticated shapes with highly ordered hierarchical porous nanostructures, which are promising for applications in the biomimetic fabrication of nanostructured materials. We propose a universal biopattern transfer process for the fabrication of functional micro/nanostructures using diatom frustules as the biotemplates. Porous silicon microcylinders with a thickness of 20 μm are fabricated by deep reactive ion etching of a silicon substrate, which is covered by a layer of diatom frustules. With a similar process, a fast atom beam technique is used to etch the silicon substrate and silicon nanolattices are obtained. By depositing a thin layer of gold film on the diatom bonded silicon substrate, followed by releasing the diatom frustules by diluted HF, gold nanodisks with a thickness of 30 nm are successfully fabricated. The nanodisk array arranges in diamond or radial patterns, replicating the nanostructure of diatom frustules. In addition, a parylene nanodot array is also demonstrated using this diatom-based biopattern transfer process.

Development of an artificial neural network for source localization using a fiber optic acoustic emission sensor array

An intelligent algorithm was developed based on backpropagation artificial neural network for the acoustic emission source localization. The established and trained methods of the algorithm were stated with the time difference of arrival detected by a fiber optic acoustic emission sensor array and the coordinates of acoustic emission source. The response characteristic of fiber optic acoustic emission sensor was calibrated with the commercial piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT) acoustic emission sensor, which provided that the fiber optic acoustic emission sensor was better suited to detect the low frequency of stress wave than the PZT sensor. Four fiber optic acoustic emission sensors were deployed in a square array in an aluminum plate for comparisons between different algorithms of source localization. Comparison results of acoustic emission source location provided that the intelligent algorithm improved the accuracy by reducing the nonlinear errors. For the anisotropic materials, a sensor array deployed in a diamond pattern was adopted. The velocities of stress waves in orthogonal directions were measured as the basic performance for both algorithms of source localization. Four sensors were integrated into a carbon fiber–reinforced polymer plate as a perfect structure for locating the acoustic emission source impacting on its surface. The experiment results provide that the maximum error is only 6.3 mm using the intelligent algorithm.

Design of a Patterned Diamond Substrate for Ordered Neural Cell Adhesion

Diamond has recently attracted lots of interest as a potential candidate for neural interface due to many of its advantages such as biocompatibility, superior hardness and chemical inertness. Here we present a method for designing and fabricating a diamond platform for ordered neural cell adhesion. Microcontact printing was used for selective nanodiamond seeding and chemical vapor deposition was conducted subsequently to form diamond patterns. We compared different printing methods and precise microsized patterns were finally fabricated for the formation of ordered neural cell network.

Geometrical modeling of near-net shape braided preforms

Circular braiding has been successfully adapted for producing near-net shape structures for advanced fiber-reinforced composites. Net-shape manufacturing is significantly important for fabricating complex three-dimensional (3D) preforms. Geometrical modeling of braid patterns on 3D preforms plays a key role in determining their mechanical behavior. In this research work, the geometrical models of strand trajectory on the surface of cylindrical and conical mandrels with diamond, regular and triaxial braid patterns have been developed. These geometrical models of strand profiles were then simulated using Virtual Reality Modeling Language. Subsequently, the strands on complex-shaped mandrels, including ‘bottle’ and ‘funnel’, were simulated and accordingly, the braid angles have been predicted and compared with the experimental results. A virtual experiment was also conducted to compare the trajectory of the strands having constant and varying braid angles on the surface of conical mandrels.

Huaca Dos Cabezas

Huaca Dos Cabezas is an enormous Moche structure on the north coast of Peru. Although it was heavily eroded by both wind and water after its abandonment ca. 650 C.E., and was extensively damaged by massive looting that took place during the early Colonial Period, archaeological and iconographic evidence make it possible to reconstruct its size, form, exterior ornamentation, and summit access. It is also possible to identify changes that resulted from three successive phases of its construction. The structure has several unusual features, including a pyramid with zigzag corners, double stairways providing access to the pyramid's summit, and a black and white diamond pattern on its exterior surfaces. After the Inca conquered the north coast ca. 1470 C.E., a small shrine was built at Huaca Dos Cabezas. Although the large-scale looting that occurred during the early Colonial Period destroyed and buried the shrine, the looting does not appear to have yielded any significant treasure.

A Study on Change of Pleats Shape and Fabric Properties: Interactive Shape-folding E-textile with Arduino

The aim of this study is to create smart wear that brings out the perspective person`s individuality and creativity wearing these garments through various interactions. It is intended to build a prototype for a Shape-folding Dress, which is length-adjustable skirt that responses with the environment of the wearer. In this process, four basic physical properties can be identified with fabric samples selected which are relatively stiff, including fusible interlining, organdy, silk, and ramie. In addition, two types of folding pattern specimens, Basic Pattern and Diamond Pattern, and heat-steam were used to make the specimens so that the correlation could be calculated by recovery rate among flexing, stiffness and tensile properties. As a result, compared to other fabrics, the silk showed low stress to repeat folding and unfolding process, and its recovery rate of elongation deformation was stable without being affected by the different folding types and twice repeated process. In this study, forming a circuit using an Arduino, illuminance sensor, motors, and pulley, the prototype was created with a silk fabric.

A Wheelchair Design for Topple Prevention

Wheelchairs are an indispensable transportation tool for the aged and for the disabled. Tips and falls are common accidents to current wheelchairs, suggesting wheelchair safety is imperfect. This study thus proposed an anti-tip concept design to improve manual wheelchair safety. The anti-tip wheelchair was ergonomically designed with the following features: (1) diamond pattern wheel alignment enables users to adjust rear-wheel chamber angle and extend the front and rear casters forward and backward respectively to prevent tipping by increasing the base area; (2) adjustable wheel mechanism for indoor and outdoor uses; (3) collinear alignment of the rear-wheel axle and the center of mass in the sagittal plane reduces push frequency and enhances push power; (4) a spring-driven rear caster compression mechanism aids passing over obstacles on the ground; and (5) height adjustable neck rest provides comfort support.

Development of a templated approach to fabricate diamond patterns on various substrates.

We demonstrate a robust templated approach to pattern thin films of chemical vapor deposited nanocrystalline diamond grown from monodispersed nanodiamond (mdND) seeds. The method works on a range of substrates, and we herein demonstrate the method using silicon, aluminum nitride (AlN), and sapphire substrates. Patterns are defined using photo- and e-beam lithography, which are seeded with mdND colloids and subsequently introduced into microwave assisted chemical vapor deposition reactor to grow patterned nanocrystalline diamond films. In this study, we investigate various factors that affect the selective seeding of different substrates to create high quality diamond thin films, including mdND surface termination, zeta potential, surface treatment, and plasma cleaning. Although the electrostatic interaction between mdND colloids and substrates is the main process driving adherence, we found that chemical reaction (esterification) or hydrogen bonding can potentially dominate the seeding process. Leveraging the knowledge on these different interactions, we optimize fabrication protocols to eliminate unwanted diamond nucleation outside the patterned areas. Furthermore, we have achieved the deposition of patterned diamond films and arrays over a range of feature sizes. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the mdND-substrate interaction that will enable the fabrication of integrated nanocrystalline diamond thin films for microelectronics, sensors, and tissue culturing applications.

Biomass round bales infield aggregation logistics scenarios

Biomass bales often need to be aggregated (collected into groups and transported) to a field-edge stack or a temporary storage before utilization. Several logistics scenarios for aggregation involving equipment and aggregation strategies were modeled and evaluated. Cumulative Euclidean distance criteria evaluated the various aggregation scenarios. Application of a single-bale loader that aggregated bales individually was considered as the “control” scenario with which others were compared. A computer simulation program developed determined bale coordinates in ideal and random layouts that evaluated aggregation scenarios. Simulation results exhibited a “diamond pattern” of bales on ideal layout and a “random pattern” emerged when ≥10% variation was introduced. Statistical analysis revealed that the effect of field shape, swath width, biomass yield, and randomness on bale layout did not affect aggregation logistics, while area and number of bales handled had significant effects. Number of bales handled in the direct method significantly influenced the efficiency. Self-loading bale picker with minimum distance path (MDP, 80%) and parallel transport of loader and truck with MDP (78%) were ranked the highest, and single-bale central grouping the lowest (29%) among 19 methods studied. The MDP was found significantly more efficient (4%–16%) than the baler path. Simplistic methods, namely a direct triple-bale loader with MDP (64%–66%), or a loader and truck handling six bales running parallel with MDP (75%–82%) were highly efficient. Great savings on cumulative distances that directly influence time, fuel, and cost were realized when the number of bales handled was increased or additional equipment was utilized.

A method based on the DAOSD approach to estimate the variation of the peak position and bandwidth caused by intermolecular interactions

Subtle spectral variations caused by intermolecular interactions, which are hardly observed in the original one-dimensional spectra or the second derivative spectra, can be distinctly visualized via spectral patterns in two-dimensional spectra generated by using double asynchronous orthogonal sample designed scheme (DAOSD). If intermolecular interaction only brings about band-shift on a characteristic peak, a pair of cross peaks appears in the corresponding near diagonal region. If intermolecular interaction induces variation of bandwidth only, a cluster of cross peaks forms a diamond pattern in the near diagonal region. In both cases, the variation of peak position or bandwidth can be deduced quantitatively from the pattern of cross peaks. If intermolecular interaction causes variations on both peak position and bandwidth, four cross peaks form a butterfly pattern. In this case, however, it is not straightforward to estimate the variation of peak position and bandwidth directly from the patterns of the cross peaks. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to estimate the variations of peak position and bandwidth of a characteristic peak caused by intermolecular interactions. The validity of this approach was confirmed by computer simulation on several model systems.

Development and Analysis of Double-Faced Radial and Cluster-Arranged CMP Diamond Disk

In semiconductor manufacturing, diamond disks are indispensable for dressing chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) pads. Recently, 450 mm (18 inch) diameter wafers have been used to improve output and reduce wafer production cost. To polish 450 mm diameter wafers, the diameter of polishing pads must be increased to 1050 mm. In particular, because diamond disks are limited to 100 mm diameters, a much greater number of working crystals will be required for dressing a 1050 mm diameter pad. Consequently, new diamond disks must be developed. In this study, novel arrangements are made using a braze in diamond patterns, which are radial with a cluster arrangement of 3-4 grits per cluster. Furthermore, a double-faced combined diamond disk is developed. The polishing pad surface was characterized, and the effect of different diamond conditioners on wafer removal rate was studied. This research aims to develop a more suitable diamond disk for dressing 1050 mm diameter polishing pads.

PM 7/116 (1)Tetranychus evansi

PM 7/116 (1)<i>Tetranychus evansi</i>

제주신화 서천꽃밭의 생불꽃을 응용한 텍스타일 패턴디자인

The purpose of this study is to establish a new method to develop the textile pattern design using Saengbul flower in Seo-cheon flower garden of Jeju Myth, in other words, to create mythic textile patterns by borrowing effectively from the mythic image of Saengbul flower. Seo-cheon flower garden is an incantation space and Saengbul flower means pregnance. Therefore, we drew Camellia flower motifs from a mythic image based on archetypal symbols about the Saengbul flower, and created mythic patterns. In order to achieve this textile pattern design, Adobe CS5(Photoshop, Illustrator) and Texpro were used to design the motifs of Saengbul flower, and then they were arranged in a square pattern and diamond pattern of Richard M. Proctor' set layout. And to conclude, development of the creative textile pattern design using the mythic contents of the Jeju Myth contribute to invigoration the fashion industry and regional culture contents projects in Jeju, and also become the basis of creating added valued to it.

A consistent but non-coincident visual pattern facilitates the learning of spatial relations among locations

Human participants searched in a dynamic three-dimensional computer-generated virtual-environment open-field search task for four hidden goal locations arranged in a diamond configuration located in a 5 × 5 matrix of raised bins. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: visual pattern or visual random. All participants experienced 30 trials in which four goal locations maintained the same spatial relations to each other (i.e., a diamond pattern), but this diamond pattern moved to random locations within the 5 × 5 matrix from trial to trial. For participants in the visual pattern group, four locations were marked in a distinct color and arranged in a diamond pattern that moved to a random location independent of the hidden spatial pattern from trial to trial throughout the experimental session. For participants in the visual random group, four random locations were marked with a distinct color and moved to random locations independent from the hidden spatial pattern from trial to trial throughout the experimental session. As a result, the visual cues for the visual pattern group were consistent but not coincident with the hidden spatial pattern, whereas the visual cues for the visual random group were neither consistent nor coincident with the hidden spatial pattern. Results indicated that participants in both groups learned the spatial configuration of goal locations and that the presence of consistent but noncoincident visual cues facilitated the learning of spatial relations among locations.

Seed-Free Growth of Diamond Patterns on Silicon Predefined by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

Seed-free growth of diamond patterns on Si surfaces was realized by surface patterning via femtosecond laser direct writing followed by laser-assisted combustion synthesis in open air. Prepatterned Si surfaces provide active nucleation sites for diamond growth. The dimension and shape of the diamond patterns can be precisely controlled at micrometer scales. Field-enhanced thermionic emission current was measured to monitor diamond nucleation and growth process in real time. The diamond nucleation density and quality depend strongly on the surface roughness of the prepatterned Si patterns. A higher surface roughness leads to more nucleation sites and higher nucleation density. However, high local temperature at peaks due to a large exposed surface to the flame on an excessively rough surface degrades the diamond quality. The easy fabrication of diamond patterns on nondiamond surfaces suggests potential applications such as cutting tools, protective coatings, heat sinks, etc.

Peridotitic and websteritic diamondites provide new information regarding mantle melting and metasomatism induced through the subduction of crustal volatiles

Diamondites are mantle xenoliths comprised of polycrystalline diamond intergrown with garnet and minor clinopyroxene. Diamondites have some geochemical characteristics distinct from monocrystalline diamonds. Examples include 13C-depletion with modal δ13C value at −18‰ containing a high abundance of websteritic garnets (73%). This is in contrast to monocrystalline diamonds that show a strong mean δ13C value at −5‰ and low abundance of websteritic inclusions (2%). At present, geochemical studies focusing on diamondites are lacking, relative to coated and monocrystalline diamond. As a consequence, there exists a substantial volume of abundant mantle material that has been largely overlooked. We have determined the coupled δ13C–δ15N values and N-concentrations for 20 samples of mantle diamondite. Although their provenance is uncertain, these diamondites are thought to originate from Southern Africa because the major and rare Earth element (REE) compositions for the garnets are consistent with other Southern African diamondites.The coupled δ13C–δ15N values, N-concentrations in the diamond and REE patterns for the garnets we conclude that the source of the 13C-depleted carbon and 15N-enriched nitrogen is crustal in origin. This is by way of recycling subducted oceanic lithosphere beneath a stable craton, possibly the Kaapvaal craton in southern Africa. The peridotitic and websteritic garnet intergrowths have REE patterns similar to eclogitic garnets and we propose their petrogenesis due to mixing between a volatile saturated eclogitic melt and mantle peridotite. We propose that diamondites represent distinct diamond-forming event(s) related to mantle melting in the sub-cratonic mantle. Diamondite-formation events are proposed to be unrelated to most monocrystalline and coated diamonds formed by metasomatic processes involving little to no mantle melting.

Seed-Free Growth of Diamond Patterns on Femtosecond Laser Processed Silicon Substrates

ABSTRACTDue to its outstanding properties, diamond is considered as an ideal material for mechanical and electric applications at high temperatures, voltages, radiation, etc. It is known that femtosecond lasers exhibit extremely high precision and minimized thermal effect in material processing. In this study, a seed-free diamond pattern growth method was developed by patterning silicon substrates using a femtosecond laser before diamond deposition through laser-assisted combustion flame synthesis. The resolution of the diamond patterns reaches micro scales. Peak position, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and diamond quality parameter were calculated from Raman spectra. The mechanism of the seed-free diamond growth based on the femtosecond laser patterning was discussed. The influence of substrates surface roughness on the diamond nucleation and subsequent growth was studied, indicating that the nucleation density is proportional to the surface roughness.