Diameter Of Erythrocytes Research Articles

Hematological, Biochemical and Blood Gas Findings in a Calf with Cerebral Theileriosis

This case report aims to present the clinical and laboratory findings of cerebral theileriosis in a 1-month-old female Holstein calf. In the clinical examination of the calf, blindness, ataxia, opistotonus, nystagmus and convulsions, anemia and petechial hemorrhage foci in the conjunctiva, upper palate, gingiva were observed, and asymmetrical enlargement of the left prescapular lymph node was detected. As a result of hematological examinations, it was determined that lymphocyte count, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin amount, mean erythrocyte diameter (MCV) and hematocrit values were lower than normal, but mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelet values were lower than normal in the calf. higher than normal values. In terms of biochemical values, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), direct and indirect bilirubin, triglyceride and creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) values were found to be higher than normal values. In blood gas analysis, blood pH and glucose values were lower than normal values, and lactate concentration was higher than reference values.The parameters in this case report are reported to be helpful in the differential diagnosis of similar cases that veterinarians in the field may encounter.

Clinical analyzes and theoretical calculations of the characteristics of blood cells in patients with lymphoblastic leukemia

Lymphoblastic leukemia is one of the serious diseases of the hematopoietic system, which requires long-term treatment, but despite this, it often leads to disability and mortal-ity. In this regard, all the still unexplored relationships between blood elements and their motor ability, which can be described by the rheological properties of blood, are of inter-est. For a better understanding of the relationship between morphometric features and the rheological properties of blood, we compiled a research algorithm, the purpose of which was to study the rheological parameters of the blood system using clinical tests and in silico calculations against the background of the clinical picture of the number and size of formed elements, lymphocytic formula of patients with lymphoblastic leuke-mia. In the group of patients with leukoblastic leukemia, the number of neutrophils was reduced by 38% compared with the control. Other types did not change significantly. Thrombocytopenia, a decrease in hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit were ob-served, however, the number of erythrocytes corresponded to the values in the control. The dynamics of the size of erythrocytes is an indicator of the lability of the blood sys-tem. Under conditions of development of leukemic processes, the proportion of young erythroid forms is negligible. The development of lymphoblastic leukemia was accompa-nied by thrombocytopenia, a decrease in hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit, however, the number of erythrocytes corresponded to the values in the control. Studies have revealed changes in the geometric characteristics of erythrocytes in patients with leukemia. The increase in overall dimensions (diameter and height) of erythrocytes in patients with patients with leukoblastic leukemia varied by 15–20 % compared with the control. The rheological parameters were changed significantly. According to our data, the violation of blood flow occurs due to changes in erythrocyte aggregation, deformabil-ity of the erythrocyte membrane, plasma viscosity with an unchanged number of erythro-cytes, i.e. with normal hematocrit. These data are especially interesting from the point of view of rheology and clinic of leukemias.

Deformability of mouse erythrocytes in different diluents measured using optical tweezers.

Optical tweezers are widely used to measure the mechanical properties of erythrocytes, which is crucial to the study of pathology and clinical diagnosis of disease. During the measurement, the blood sample is diluted and suspended in an exogenous physiological fluid, which may affect the elastic properties of the cells in vitro. Here, we investigate the effect of different diluents on the elastic properties of mouse erythrocytes by quantitatively evaluating their elastic constants using optical tweezers. The diluents are plasma extracted from mouse blood, veterinary blood diluent (V-52D), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and normal saline (NS). To create an environment that closely resembles in vivo conditions, the experiment is performed at 36.5 °C. The results show that the spring constant of mouse erythrocytes in plasma is 6.23 ± 0.41 μN m-1. The elasticity of mouse erythrocytes in V-52D and DMEM is 8.21 ± 0.91 and 6.95 ± 0.85 μN m-1, which are higher than that in plasma extracted from blood, whereas, the elasticity in PBS and NS is 4.23 ± 0.85 and 4.68 ± 0.79 μN m-1, which are less than that in plasma extracted from blood. At last, we observe the size and circularity of erythrocytes in different diluents, and consider that the erythrocyte diameter and circularity may affect cell deformability. Our results provide a reference of the diluent choice for measuring the mechanical properties of erythrocytes in vitro.

Improved induction of meiotic gynogenesis in Coruh trout, Salmo coruhensis

In this study, water and spermatozoa parameters were evaluated during the reproduction season, as well as the optimal conditions for the retention of the second polar body in Salmo coruhensis eggs obtained with heat-shock timing, intensity, duration and UV irradiation for gynogenetic production. Sperm was diluted 1:20 with lightly modified Hank's Balanced Salt Solution, and sperm manifesting 60% motility was obtained with a UV dose of 3600 kJ/cm2. The highest ratios of eyed-stage, hatching and larval survival were 89.59 ± 2.18%, 82.86 ± 3.11% and 79.61 ± 1.25% in the experimental group exposed to 28.5 °C heat-shock respectively. As the shocking temperature increased, the rates of eyed-stage, hatching and larval survival decreased (p < 0.05). After 3–7 days of fertilization, all haploid individuals died in all experimental groups. As a result of the morphological examination, no difference was found between the gynogen and control groups at larval and juvenile stages. In karyotype analysis, chromosome numbers of control (C), diploid gynogen (G) and triploid (T) group were 2n = 80 and 3n ≈ 120 respectively. Triploid groups showed 1.5 times higher mean erythrocyte diameter and relative DNA content than G and C groups. Moreover, it was determined that sdY, the salmonid male sex-determining gene, was not found in all groups that were assumed to be gynogens, and all of them were female (100%). These results indicated that all individuals in the gynogen groups were gynogenetic. The protocol developed in this study can contribute to the production of gynogenetic Coruh trout, the production of mono-sex species, as well as the genetic performance enhancement studies.

Influence of hyperthermia on dimensions of erythrocytes: Experimental preliminary study on rats

The aim of these study was to examine how elevated body temperature effects on the diameter of red blood cells in the study group of rats. The total sample of 38 rats was divided into three experimental groups, depending on the exposure of temperature water of 37°C, 41°C and 44°C. The group of rats exposed to temperatures of 41°C-G41 and 44°C-G44 were divided into two subgroups: a subgroup on which an antemortem analysis was performed after exposure to a temperature of 41°C and 44°C for 20 minutes (G41-AM=7; G44-AM=8) and a subgroups on which a postmortem analysis were performed after death has occurred (G41-PM=8; G44-PM=8). Seven days before exposure to temperature, blood sampling was performed for all three study groups. After exposure to a temperature of 20 minutes, blood sampling was performed in control group KG37 and subgroups G41-AM and G44-AM. After exposure to temperatures of 41°C and 44°C in postmortem subgroups, sampling was performed after death (subgroups G41-PM and G44-PM). Morphometric analysis by Giemsa method involved the determination of the diameter (μm) of the examined erythrocytes. The mean value of erythrocyte changes in the examined groups of rats was: KG37=6.57 ± 0.45; G41-AM=6.90 ± 0.22; G41-PM=6.79 ± 0.42; G44-AM=6.68 ± 0.43 and G44-PM=6.32 ± 0.37. Results of T test showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the erythrocyte diameters of subgroup G41-PM and G44-PM (p=0.049). There are significant changes in the diameter of erythrocytes, where the value of temperature as well as the exposure time significantly affects the diameter of erythrocytes.

Ultrastructural characteristics of erythrocytes and their relationship with oxygen transport in patients with ischemic heart disease after coronary artery bypass grafting with artificial circulation

Aim. Evaluation of nanostructural and micromechanical characteristics of erythrocytes and their relationship with the parameters of oxygen transport in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under artificial circulation (AC).Materials and methods. The study involved 30 men with IHD aged 53 to 67 years with a median of 63 years, who underwent planned CABG with AC at the clinic of the Far Eastern Federal University. Blood sampling from patients was carried out before the AC and one day after it from a venous catheter located in the right atrium. Erythrocytes were scanned using a Bioscope Catalyst atomic force microscope (AFM) (Bruker, USA) in combination with an Axiovert 200 inverted microscope (Zeiss, Germany). The micromechanical properties of cell membranes were investigated with the PFQNM-LC-A-CAL cantilevers. The following were recorded: the diameter of erythrocytes, the height of their side, area, volume, membrane rigidity, strength of its adhesion, Young's modulus, elastic deformation. To assess oxygen transport, the oxygen delivery index (DO2I), consumption (VO2I), and extraction ratio (O2ER) were calculated.Results. In one day after CABG, a decrease in DO2I, VO2I, and O2ER was recorded by 14%, 33%, and 16%, respectively, which indicated a limitation in the gas transport function of the blood. Analysis of the AFM characteristics of erythrocytes showed an increase in their area by 35%, in diameter by 6%, in volume by 19%, and the height of the side by 5 times. At the same time, multidirectional changes in the micromechanical properties of erythrocyte membranes were noted: Young's modulus and stiffness decreased by 3.2 and 2 times, respectively; the adhesion force increased by 2.7 times, and the elastic deformation – by 2.2 times. Correlation analysis showed the presence of reliable relationships between indicators of oxygen transport and biomechanical parameters of erythrocyte membranes.Conclusion. A comprehensive analysis of the nanostructural parameters of erythrocytes and oxygen transport expands the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of postperfusion disorders in patients with coronary artery disease after CABG under conditions of cardiopulmonary bypass.

Effects of Succinate-Containing Preparation on Characteristics of Rat Erythrocytes in Exhaustive Swimming with a Load.

We studied the dynamics of the red blood cell composition of Wistar male rats at rest and when swimming with a load (4% body weight) before and after administration of a succinatecontaining preparation (meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid). In rats receiving the succinatecontaining preparation, a decrease in the number of red blood cells and an increase in their volume and absolute and relative number of reticulocytes were observed at rest in comparison with vivarium control. In rats exposed to exhaustive swimming after preliminary administration of the test preparation (12 h before the test), we observed a decrease in hematocrit and erythrocyte diameter in comparison with the corresponding parameters in rats not treated with the preparation; the level of hemoglobin did not change. The pattern of changes in the cellular composition of red blood in rats at rest and during swimming against the background of treatment with the succinate-containing preparation in comparison with vivarium control is considered as a result of its effect on physical exercise under conditions of stabilization of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, activation of proliferative activity of red bone marrow, and an increase in time of swimming to exhaustion by 2.8 times.

Diagnostics possibilities of erythrocytes analysis by the method of laser interference microscopy.

The morphofunctional state of erythrocytes significantly changes by the onset and progression of various diseases, as well as in critical conditions, injuries, accompanied by severe tissue damage. This leads to a violation of microcirculation and has an effect on hemorheology in general. In connection with this, there is a need for the development of adequate methods for assessing the functional activity of erythrocytes. The aim of the work was to study the possibilities of laser interference microscopy in the analysis of the functional state of erythrocytes. The results allowed us to quantify the state of the phase height and phase diameter of erythrocytes. Analysis of the surface nanostructure gave a qualitative assessment of the functional activity of cells. The following patterns were revealed: the action of adrenaline causes the appearance of echinocytes with an increase in phase height and decrease phase diameter and the appearance of spicules on the surface of cells. The action of cortisol leads to a decrease in the phase height and the phase diameter with the appearance of numerous loosening of the structure of the cell surface. Moreover, the traditional method of analyzing the distribution of erythrocytes in a population by morphology (discocytes, stomatocytes, and degeneratively altered cell forms) did not reveal statistically significant differences. Thus, the results indicate that the interference microscopy method allows a qualitative assessment of the morphofunctional activity of native cells. This increases the information content of the analysis and leads to the objectification of data on the functional capabilities of erythrocytes.

Математична модель руху еритроцита в капілярі

Practical medicine requires new research to better understand the processes of blood flow through the vascular system. In particular, the processes of blood movement in capillaries, when their diameter is smaller than the diameter of erythrocytes, are of interest. It is believed that the center of mass of the erythrocyte lies on the midline of the capillary. While in the arterioles, the erythrocyte releases nutrients, so its mass decreases. When moving in the venule, the mass of the erythrocyte increases because it receives spent substances from the tissue space. The vascular wall of the capillary and its midline are modeled using the equation of the parabola, which makes it possible to calculate within the specified limits the length of the wall and the midline. The movement of an erythrocyte is described by the Meshchersky equation for bodies with variable mass. The proposed article is devoted to the construction of static models of capillaries in the norm and a dynamic model of movement in the capillary of an erythrocyte with variable mass.

Triploidization in the streaked prochilod Prochilodus lineatus inferred by flow cytometry, blood smears and karyological approaches

The streaked prochilod Prochilodus lineatus is an important fish species from the Neotropical region. In this study, a protocol of triploidization was established by temperature shock. Fertilized eggs were shocked at 2 min post-fertilization at 0, 38, 40 and 42°C. At 0°C, the embryos were maintained for 30 min, while the rest for 2 min. Heat shocked embryos and control (during all experiment) were incubated at 27°C. The ploidy status was confirmed by flow cytometry, erythrocyte diameter, conventional cytogenetics (Giemsa staining), chromosome banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization using 5S and 18S rDNA probes. Heat-shock at 40°C produced 96.7% of triploids and such a procedure did not reduce the fertilization, hatching rate and the percentage of normal embryos. The use of chromosome banding and FISH gave rise to effective procedure to identify triploids. The data obtained here is innovative for the species and bring new information for basic and applied studies.

High percentages of larval tetraploids in the yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae induced by heat-shock: The first case in Neotropical characins

Tetraploid fish are an important source of diploid gametes for polyploid production, and they can be induced by inhibition of the first mitotic cell division. Dispite its potential, very few protocols regarding tetraploidization and subsequent application to mass production of triploid fish for aquaculture exist. In the yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae, triploids present sterility and increased carcass yield, suggesting the generation of tetraploid for large-scale production of such triploids. In this study, the efficacy of heat shock treatments (40° for 2 min) at 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 min post-fertilization (mpf) at an incubation temperature of 22 °C were compared on tetraploid induction of A. altiparanae. Ploidy status was confirmed by flow cytometry, karyotyping, and nuclear diameter of erythrocytes. Afterwards, sperm parameters and fertility capacity of tetraploid males were evaluated. The results showed that heat shock decreased the hatching rate, especially at 22 (19.1 ± 9.6%), 24 (16.0 ± 9.1%), and 26 mpf (10.3 ± 6.2%) in comparison with the control group (62.2 ± 7.7%). The flow cytometric analysis showed that the control group and the treatments with heat shock at 16 and 18 mpf presented only diploid individuals. However, from 20 mpf onwards, tetraploid individuals were observed, and the highest percentage arose at 26 mpf (94.55%). When mature, tetraploid males are capable of producing diploid spermatozoa with fertilization capacity, generating a 100% triploid offspring. The results indicate that the heat shock treatment at 26 mpf (40 °C for 2 min) is optimum for tetraploid induction in the A. altiparanae. Additionally, tetraploid mature males generated diploid spermatozoa and can be used to mass production of triploid fish. The current data are the first report of tetraploids in family Characidae, presenting an application in basic and applied sciences.

Effects of paclitaxel and resveratrol on blood characteristics in rabbits

ABSTRACTWe investigated the adverse effects of paclitaxel (PAC) on blood characteristics including the percentage of alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes, white cell count, number of neutrophil nuclear lobe and, erythrocyte diameter, and the protective effects of resveratrol (RES) on these characteristics. Male New Zealand rabbits were assigned to four groups. The control group (C) was given 40 ml normal saline, the PAC group was given 5 mg/kg PAC in 40 ml normal saline, the RES group was given 4 mg/kg RES in 40 ml normal saline, and the PAC + RES group was given 5 mg/kg PAC + 4 mg/kg RES in 40 ml normal saline. All injections were performed intravenously once/week for 8 weeks. PAC caused an increased total percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes, which was associated with neutropenia. The PAC group showed a right shift in the lobulation curve of neutrophil nuclei together with a decreased percentage of ANAE-positive lymphocytes. RES reduced the percentage of ANAE-positive lymphocytes, slightly increased the percentage of neutrophil leukocytes and reduced the total lymphocyte count. Administration of RES combined with PAC prevented, while PAC induced, neutropenia and lymphocytosis, and increased the percentage of ANAE-positive lymphocytes.

Profil Hematologi Ikan Gabus (Channa striata Bloch, 1793)

The hematology profile that include hematocrite value, erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, differential leucocyte can used to determined the health state and diagnosis of fish diseases. The purpose of this research is to study the hematology profiles of gabus (Channa striata). This research was conducted on August to October 2016. Gabus with body length about 25-35 cm and the blood samples were collected from vena caudalis (caudal vein) to evaluate hematocrite value, erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, eythrocyte and leucocyte diameter and differential leucocyte. The result of the research showed that hematocrite values 23,25-24,83%, erythrocyte counts 2,34-2,51x106cell/mm3, erythrocyte diameter 7,69-8,16 µm, leucocyte counts 1,53-1,65x105cell/mm3, leucocyte diameter 5,73-6,53 µm, monocytes 5,73-6,53%, limphocytes 76,13-78,20% and neutrophils 16,07-17,40%.

Structural-functional state of erythrocytes in children with chronic kidney disease

During Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) development and progression emphasis is placed on structural-functional state of red blood cells. The aim of this paper is to examine red blood values and red blood cells morphological type in peripheral blood among children with CKD. 75 children with CKD aged 5-16 years were examined. The control group consisted of 25 healthy children of the same age range. Analysis of the morphometric parameters of red peripheral blood cells - mean volume (MCV) and erythrocyte diameter, mean content (MCH) and mean hemoglobin concentration in the erythrocyte (MCHC), were performed using a Gobas Micros (Roche) hematology counter. Smears were marked according to Romanovsky-Giemsa. Morphometric studies of red blood cells were carried out using the Morphology 5.2 program and red blood cell confocal microscopy on a LSM-710 Confocal Microscope, manufactured by Carl Zeiss. The tendency to poikilocytosis in CKD was confirmed. We identified that among children with CKD the distribution of red blood cells in diameter is disturbed, the content of microcytes increases, poikilocytosis is observed with an increase in the content of irreversibly transformed elements. The revealed features may serve as an additional criterion for the diagnosis of chronic kidney insufficiency at the early stage.

Relationships of mean corpuscular volume with diameter and surface area of canine erythrocytes

Assessment of erythrocyte morphology is an important aid in diagnostic haematology. Anisocytosis which is changes in RBC size, correspond to changes in diameter and surface area (SA) of the cell, and are not always reflected in the Mean Corpuscular volume (MCV). This paper discusses the relationship of MCV with surface area and diameters (vertical and horizontal) in 2D views of erythrocytes of clinically healthy dogs using confocal microscopy. This information would be valuable for early detection of cellular changes in dogs in subclinical or clinical diseases. The average diameters, average SA, and MCV values of RBCs studied were in normal distribution and the mean values of 7.169 ± 0.648 μm for horizontal diameter (D1), 7.1245 ± 0.6646 μm for vertical diameter (D2), and 41.061 μm2 ± 6.866 for SA did not reveal a significant correlation or a strength of association with the MCV values, indicating that the MCV value has limitations as an objective measurement of detecting anisocytosis.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ДИАМЕТРА ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ В КРОВИ СПОРТСМЕНОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ НАГРУЗКИ

Цель. Изучить характер распределения эритроцитов по диаметру в циркулирующей крови лыжников-гонщиков в период достижения порога анаэробного обмена (ПАНО).Материалы и методы. Обследованы лыжники-гонщики (юноши и мужчины, девушки и женщины) в условиях физической нагрузки на велоэргометре в возрасте 17–37 лет (n=33) с квалификацией КМС и МС. Исследование проведено согласно протоколу, утвержденному локальным комитетом по биоэтике при Институте физиологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук. Пробы крови брали из локтевой вены натощак, затем из капилляров пальца до, – на пороге анаэробного обмена, после выполнения нагрузки «до отказа» и через 5 мин восстановления.На окрашенных мазках крови измеряли диаметр 50 эритроцитов (Лабораторные …, 1987). Результаты обрабатывали статистически с использованием пакета прикладных программ Windows (Basic, 2011).Результаты. На этапе ПАНО у 36% спортсменов определили увеличение среднего диаметра эритроцитов с 7,46±0,06 до 7,68±0,08 мкм (р&lt;0,05), без изменений у 12% (7,45±0,04 – 7,43±0,05 мкм) и уменьшение размера клеток у 52% с 7,51±0,04 до 7,35±0,05 мкм (р&lt;0,05). В условиях максимальной нагрузки (337,1±12,4 Вт у мужчин и 246,7±10,8 Вт у женщин) и на 5-й мин восстановления диаметр эритроцитов в крови спортсменов возвращался к исходному значению.Заключение. Таким образом, индивидуальный характер изменения среднего диаметра эритроцитов у спортсменов проявляется во время достижения ПАНО и, вероятно, соответствует избирательной элиминации преимущественно макро- или микроцитов.

Трансформация эритроцитов на этапах криоконсервирования в криозащитных средах на основе оксиэтилированных производных глицерина со степенью полимеризации n=25 и n=30

This paper presents experimental data on the effect of oxyethylated glycerol derivatives with n=25 and n=30 polymerization degree (OEG n=25 and OEG n=30 ) on shape and diameter of human erythrocytes at the stages of cryopreservation. The shape and diameter of the cells before and after cryopreservation were studied in ‘live drop’ by means of immersion microscopy. It has been shown that the contact with the investigated cryoprotective solutions and following low temperature preservation led to erythrocyte transformation. Character of change in their shape and diameter before and after cryopreservation depended upon the polymerization degree and concentration of cryoprotectant. It was established that 40% OEG n=25 and OEG n=30 solutions at the exposure stage caused cell deformation and agglutination. The largest number of erythrocytes of discoid shape was maintained after cryopreservation in 30% OEG n=25 and OEG n=30 solutions. It was found that after cooling-warming the cells in 30% OEG n=30 solution their diameter increased, while using 30% concentration of OEG n=25 this parameter was within the normal range. Probl Cryobiol Cryomed 2016; 26(4): 349–360

Triploid Induction in the Yellowtail Tetra, Astyanax altiparanae, Using Temperature Shock: Tools for Conservation and Aquaculture

AbstractTriploidization is an interesting tool to produce sterile fish. In the yellowtail tetra, Astyanax altiparanae, this can be applied for aquaculture and surrogate technologies. In this study, we compared the efficacy of cold (2 C) or heat shock (38 C, 40 C, and 42 C) on triploid induction in the yellowtail tetra. The eggs were treated with cold or heat shock, 2 min postfertilization (30 min in cold shock or 2 min in heat shock). Intact embryos served as the control group. Ploidy status was confirmed by karyotyping, flow cytometry, and nuclear diameter of erythrocytes. The hatching rate decreased after cold shock (12.69 ± 15.76%) and heat shock at 42 C (0.35 ± 0.69%) in comparison with the control group (63.19 ± 16.82%). At 38 C and 40 C, hatching rates (61.29 ± 17.73% and 61.75 ± 22.1%, respectively) were not decreased. Only one triploid arose at 38 C (1/80). At 40 C, a high number of triploids arose (72/78). At 42 C, very few embryos developed into the hatching stage. A large number of haploid individuals arose after cold shock (61/75), with only one triploid. Our results indicate that heat shocking of embryos at 40 C is optimum for triploid production in the yellowtail tetra.

Long-term genotoxic effects in the hematopoietic system of prenatally X-irradiated mice

Purpose: To investigate the genotoxic effects of prenatal X-irradiation in mice and the possible presence of late genomic instability.Materials and methods: Pregnant mice were exposed to 0, 1 or 2 Gy at embryonic day 11.5. Blood smears were obtained from pups at birth and on post-natal day 11, 21, 42 and 140. Hematological data (diameter of erythrocytes, percentage of reticulocytes and Granulocyte-to-Lymphocyte ratio [GLR]) and genotoxicity (micronucleated erythrocytes, micronucleated reticulocytes, CREST-positive and negative micronuclei) were assessed.Results: Prenatal irradiation caused perinatal reticulocytosis (which ended on postnatal day 11) and a dose-dependent increase of GLR (indicative of myeloid skewing) on postnatal days 42 and 140. Two temporally distinct genotoxic effects were observed: an early, acute damage (still detectable at birth and soon after) and a late, long-term damage.Conclusions: Increases in micronuclei frequencies and GLR observed from day 42 on are both ascribable to DNA damage. Time of appearance of this late effect may be linked to the shift of hematopoiesis from spleen to bone marrow and to cell-extrinsic factor such as the microenvironment. This study confirms that ionizing radiation can induce long-term genotoxic effects in the hematopoietic system and shows that prenatal irradiation determines genomic instability in blood-forming tissues of adult mice.

Influence de la race sur la morphométrie des globules rouges chez les bovins

This study was conducted in 165 cattle belonging to Brown of the Atlas native breed, and the imported Holstein, Montbeliard and Brown of the Alps breeds, and their crosses with the local breed; it aims at revealing the influence of the breed on the morphometric parameters of red blood cells. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein; smears were confectioned on slides immediately after the blood collection and May-Grundwald Giemsa dye stained. For the morphometric study, we considered the diameter, the circumference and the surface of erythrocytes; measurements were achieved using special software OPTIKATM Vision Pro. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using ANOVA. The recorded results showed that the diameter of the red blood cells is significantly higher (p<0.01) in the local (5.00±0.22) and cross (4.98±0.12) males; however, in females, the diameter of erythrocytes was significantly higher (p<0.01) in indigenous (5.23±0.10) and Brown of the Alps (5.32±0.19) breeds. In addition, the circumference of erythrocytes is larger (p<0.05) in males of Pie-Black Holstein (19.09±1.14) and Montbeliard (19.70±0.86) breeds; whereas in females, the erythrocyte circumference was significantly higher (p<0.01) in local cows (20.65±0.55). Similarly, the surface of red blood cells takes significantly higher values (p<0.01) in Pie-Black Holstein (21.18±2.28) and Montbeliard (22.18±1.76) males; however, in females, the surface of the red blood cells of native cattle (24.47±1.30) was significantly higher (p<0.001). The current work allowed us to propose new reference values for the circumference and the surface of erythrocyte in the breeds and the management conditions considered.