Development Of Electrical System Research Articles

Novel high voltage polymer insulators using computational and data-driven techniques.

One of the key bottlenecks in the development of high voltage electrical systems is the identification of suitable insulating materials capable of supporting high voltages. Under high voltage scenarios, conventional polymer based insulators, which are one of the popular choices of insulators, suffer from the drawback of space charge accumulation, which leads to degradation in desirable electronic properties and facilitates dielectric breakdown. In this work, we aid the development of novel polymers for high voltage insulation applications by enabling the rapid prediction of properties that are correlated with dielectric breakdown, i.e.,the bandgap (Egap) of the polymer and electron injection barrier (Φe) at the electrode-insulator interface. To accomplish this, density functional theory based methods are used to develop large, chemically diverse datasets of Φe and Egap. The deviation of the computed properties from experimental observations is addressed using a statistical technique called Bayesian calibration. Furthermore, to enable rapid estimation of these properties for a large set of polymers, machine learning models are developed using the created dataset. These models are further used to predict Egap and Φe for a set of 13k previously known polymers. Polymers with high values of these properties are selected as potential high voltage insulators and are recommended for synthesis. Finally, the models developed here are deployed at www.polymergenome.org to enable the community use.

Development and Safety Evaluation of Electrical Fire Prevention System (ETEC-DPS)

In this study, we developed an electrical fire prevention system (ETEC-DPS) to prevent electrical fires by detecting the fire current (Igr) generated from electrical wires in real time. We aimed to present an evaluation of the product by verifying its safety. The printed circuit board (PCB) used inside the ETEC-DPS was 90 mm wide and 55 mm long. The PCB was produced using a flame-retardant ABS resin. Three valid numbers were displayed for the measurement of the fire current, and an Igr of up to 0.1 mA flowing into the wire was detected in real time. It was designed to sound an alarm at the same time that the LED lamp flashed as the Igr of the wire increased and the set value was reached. RS485 had a built-in communication function, which checked the real-time status of the electrical wire on the administrator's PC. In addition, a short circuit warning breaker (JER-E2S) with built-in LED lamps was installed in the quarterly circuit. In addition, for the safety assessment of the ETEC-DPS, the marking of Igr, flashing LED lamps, alarm sound transmission, and communication functions were evaluated. The developed ETEC-DPS satisfied all the assessment items and is believed to be able to fundamentally prevent the generation of electrical fires if installed in a building.

Perspectives and Development of Electrical Systems in More Electric Aircraft

On-board electrical systems are the key components of each modern aircraft. They enable its safer, more comfortable, and environmentally friendlier operation. The strict regulations to reduce pollution and noise are produced by aircraft eventuated in projects like Clean Sky or ICAO Global Coalition for Sustainable Aviation. One solution to environmentally friendlier operation is the full electric propulsion of the aircraft, which enables the reduction of both noise and pollution. Such a concept requires a total change of all on-board power systems and enables the profound change in aircraft design. This paper presents the evolution of aircraft power systems into the so-called more electric aircraft (MEA) and discusses the state-of-the-art electrical systems. Furthermore, the concept of all-electric aircraft (AEA) is presented here.

Dynamic modelling and simulation of a prototype race car in MATLAB/Simulink applying different types of electric motors

AbstractNowadays, vehicles with alternative drives are playing an increasingly important role in road transport. Among the various types of alternative-drives, the most widespread ones are hybrid and electric ones, thanks for the rapid development of modern batteries, and hybrid and electrical systems. The above fact establishes the importance of research on various types of electric motors. The Faculty of Engineering of the University of Debrecen has more than a decade of experience in developing prototype race cars with pneumatic and electric drive. For the more effective and conscious development and racing a simulation program has been developed in MATLAB/Simulink environment for the computation of the dynamic functions of a vehicle moving in a linear path. The program is characterized by a modular structure, so the different structural units (vehicle body, front and rear wheels, power train, motor) are modelled and simulated separately. In this study we present models and simulation programs for different electric motor types (series-wound DC and brushless DC motors) in MATLAB/Simulink and apply them in our vehicle dynamics simulation program. From the simulation results the performance of a vehicle – driven by an electric motor – can be predicted in a race situation, consequently the most suitable motor with the optimal characteristics can be selected to it.

Energy Supply System Development Management Mechanisms from the Standpoint of Efficient Use of Energy Resources

The paper discusses the problem of improving the mechanisms for managing the development of electricity and heat supply systems in regions with the aim of increasing the efficiency of energy resources use in the context of liberalization of economic relations in the energy sector. On the basis of the considered methods and the compiled system of management efficiency criteria, the structural and functional decomposition of the energy complex development management system at the territorial level was carried out. The mismatch of the power system control system was revealed, caused by the complication of the control system and the composition of the decision-makers. Improved models for managing the development of electricity and heat supply systems in the country’s regions are proposed, allowing to take into account modern trends in the expansion of the use of market mechanisms for managing territorial energy and to ensure a balance of interests of management entities at various organizational levels. For their implementation, organizational mechanisms have been developed that describe the interaction of territorial government bodies and territorial generating companies in the implementation of investment programs. The proposed mechanisms for managing territorial energy allow in market conditions to fully use the production potential and incentives for the development of territorial generating companies, which creates conditions for reducing management costs and implementing the goals of state energy policy.

Research on Electrical Testing System of New Energy Vehicle Based on Computer

According to the design structure and working characteristics of the whole vehicle electrical system of new energy vehicle, combined with the deep application of computer in PLC programming and sensor, this paper studies the detection target, detection principle, detection method and some instruments of electrical insulation performance and electrical working performance, in order to provide some reference for the development and progress of new energy vehicle electrical system.

Review and Development of Electric Motor Systems and Electric Powertrains for New Energy Vehicles

This paper presents a review on the recent research and technical progress of electric motor systems and electric powertrains for new energy vehicles. Through the analysis and comparison of direct current motor, induction motor, and synchronous motor, it is found that permanent magnet synchronous motor has better overall performance; by comparison with converters with Si-based IGBTs, it is found converters with SiC MOSFETs show significantly higher efficiency and increase driving mileage per charge. In addition, the pros and cons of different control strategies and algorithms are demonstrated. Next, by comparing series, parallel, and power split hybrid powertrains, the series–parallel compound hybrid powertrains are found to provide better fuel economy. Different electric powertrains, hybrid powertrains, and range-extended electric systems are also detailed, and their advantages and disadvantages are described. Finally, the technology roadmap over the next 15 years is proposed regarding traction motor, power electronic converter and electric powertrain as well as the key materials and components at each time frame.

Development of Pure Electric Vehicle Fault Diagnosis System Based on Virtual Reality Fusion Technology

At the present stage, pure electric vehicles are developing rapidly, and all aspects of pure electric vehicles have been developed comprehensively. However, there are still some problems in the fault diagnosis system of pure electric vehicles. The fault diagnosis system of pure electric vehicles can not meet the needs of consumers. Therefore, at the current stage, the development of fault diagnosis system for pure electric vehicles is A problem. The appearance of virtual reality fusion technology can help the development of pure electric vehicle fault diagnosis system. This paper mainly discusses how to develop the fault diagnosis system of pure electric vehicle based on virtual reality fusion technology.

The Role of Drones in the Electricity Sector

Similarly to the separation and development of electricity systems, the golden age of aviation dates back to the last century. Admittedly, in the beginning, the two technologies did not have much effect on each other; however, in the 21st century, these two systems in many cases cross each other’s paths in everyday life, while performing the operation and maintenance tasks. In this paper, the author describes how a modern electricity infrastructure is built up and explains the process used for transferring electric power generated by the power plants to the consumers. In addition, this paper familiarises the reader with the procedures and methods allowing to assign more and more functions and tasks to the drone technology and to assure its efficient integration with certain elements of the energy system.

Simulation analysis of electric power steering System (EPS) test platform

Based on the principle analysis of the electric power steering system (EPS), a simulation platform for electric power steering system (EPS) test is proposed, and use Matlab/Simulink to build a simulation model of the electric power steering system (EPS) test simulation platform, for the simulation analysis of the electric power steering system under various experimental conditions and working conditions, so as to get the boost current and boost torque needed in various situations, for the design and development of electric power steering systems.

Planning for the development of Mongolia's electric power system

Planning for the development of Mongolia's electric power system

Industry-academia-local Government Collaboration by the Research and the Development of Electric Architecture System at Akita University

Industry-academia-local Government Collaboration by the Research and the Development of Electric Architecture System at Akita University

Stress induced carbon fiber orientation for enhanced thermal conductivity of epoxy composites

Polymer composites that have high thermal conductivity have become one of the most promising solutions needed to satisfy the thermal management requirements for high-power electrical and electronic equipment. In this work, a strategy relying on aligning carbon fibers through the application of a stress field is proposed. Ultrahigh through-plane thermal conductive epoxy composites with carbon fiber networks have been prepared by in-situ solidification within an epoxy. The thermal conductivity of these epoxy composites reaches as high as 32.6 W m−1 K−1 at 46 wt percent (wt%) of carbon fibers, which is about 171 times that of the pure epoxy. The alignment condition for the carbon fibers for a carbon fiber composite in which stress has been applied and a blended carbon fiber composite are compared using micro compute tomography (micro-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These epoxy composites display attractive thermal properties and provide a practical route to satisfy the thermal dissipation requirements raised by the development of modern electrical devices and systems.

TYPES OF ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROLLERS THAT CAN BE USED ON AGRICULTURAL ELECTRIC TRACTORS

The development of electric propulsion systems has become a necessity for existing pollution regulations. This article presents a series of electric motor controllers that can be used on small or medium sized tractors. These controllers are easy to mount on tractors, do not require special mounting or positioning conditions, can be used with different types of electric motors and have a number of optional functions that can be activated depending on the chosen configuration. Controllers are intelligent enough to deal with the power or torque provided to the engine or change the way the engine works, switching it from engine to generator

A Study on State of Charge and State of Health Estimation in Consideration of Lithium-Ion Battery Aging

Due to rapid development of industries around the world, more and more consumption of fossil fuels was unavoidable, resulting in serious environmental problems. The many pollutant emissions—a major contributor to global warming and weather pattern change—have been at the center of concern. In order to solve this issue, research and development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems made great progress and successfully introduced products in the market. Nevertheless, accurate measurement of the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of the Li-ion battery, the most popular electric energy storage device, has not yet been fully understood due to the nature of battery aging. In this study, ideas to estimate the capacity and ultimately SOC and SOH of Li-ion batteries are discussed. With these ideas, we expect not only to accommodate the issues with battery aging but also to implement an algorithm for an on-board battery management system. The key idea is to chase and monitor internal resistance continuously in a fast and reliable manner in real time. With further investigation of the key idea, we also fully expect to come up with a reliable SOC and SOH measurement scheme in the near future.

Social welfare impact from enhanced Trans-Asian electricity trade

Long distance power transmission is commonly considered as an option for reducing carbon footprint in future electricity systems. Accordingly, this article presents economic insights in a transcontinental power interconnection linking four Asian countries with Europe. Enhanced electricity trade through the interconnected countries is assessed via techno-economic modelling. For this purpose two electricity system scenarios are developed for the year 2040: (i) a Reference Scenario, where electricity system development follows the plans of the involved system operators and (ii) a so-called Trans-Asia Scenario, where additional power transmission capacities are added to strengthen the electricity trading route crossing the interconnected countries: Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. Economic benefits arising from the proposed Trans-Asia Scenario are estimated as a change in social welfare in the electricity system. Modelling results show a 140 M€ increase in annual social welfare for the Trans-Asia Scenario. The subsequent cost-benefit analysis results in a net present value in the range of −221 M€ to 534 M€, at a discount rate of 4%. This implies that over a life-cycle period of 40 years, the evaluated economic benefit may compensate investments between 1598 M€ and 3251 M€ needed for the additional power transmission capacities.

클라우드 시스템 기반의 멀티포트 전기차 충전기 시스템 개발

클라우드 시스템 기반의 멀티포트 전기차 충전기 시스템 개발

Development of a Pilot-scale Pulse Electric Field system for Processing Liquid Foods

Pulse-Electric Field (PEF) System can be described as a system that utilises high voltages applied at a specific interval and with a particular wave shape in treatment (inactivation and destruction of micro-organism cells) of liquid or solid food. Pulse-Electric Field food processing system reduces the drawbacks (such as deterioration in sensory values, energy contents, and freshness) of other methods significantly. To generate the high voltage needed for the treatment, a series of capacitors and diodes connected were used. Generation of the desired pulse shape, which is the square wave is achieved through ATmega-328 microcontroller. The pulse control system is made up of a button to vary the treatment time, the power switch and a 16x2 alphanumeric Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) which serves as visual feedback. For the evaluation of the fabricated system, bacteria were cultured using MacConkey agar solution and then diluted in orange juice which serves as samples of liquid food. From the samples prepared, the bacteria count is in order of 1.61x105CFU/mL before treatment, after treatment the count reduced to 1.01 x105CFU/mL and 2.10 x104CFU/mL concerning 1kHz and 2kHz pulse frequency used for the two samples treated.

Highly stretchable sensing array for independent detection of pressure and strain exploiting structural and resistive control

Stretchable physical sensors are crucial for the development of advanced electrical systems, particularly wearable devices and soft robotics. Currently available stretchable sensors that detect both pressure and strain are based on piezoelectric, piezoresistive, or piezocapacitive effects. The range of pressure sensing is 1–800 kPa with large deformations being within the range of deformations of parts of the human body, such as elbows and knees. However, these devices cannot easily allow simultaneous and independent detection of pressure and strain with sensor arrays at large tensions (> 50%) because strain affects the pressure signal. In this study, we propose a monolithic silicone-based array of pressure and strain sensors that can simultaneously and independently detect the in-plane biaxial tensile deformation and pressure. To realize these functionalities, the deformation of the device structure was optimized using a hetero-silicone substrate made of two types of silicone with different hardness characteristics and porous silicone bodies. In addition, the resistances of the sensors were controlled by adjusting a mixture based on carbon nanoparticles to improve the sensitivity and independence between the pressure and strain sensors. These concepts demonstrate the potential of this approach and its compatibility with the current architectures of stretchable physical sensors.

Storage of Electrical Energy

In this article, we will focus on the development of electrical energy storage systems, their working principle, and their fascinating history. Since the early days of electricity, people have tried various methods to store electricity. One of the earliest devices was the Leyden jar which is a simple electrostatic capacitor that could store less than a micro Joule of energy. The battery has been the most popular in storing electricity as it has higher energy density. In this article, we will describe and compare the working of various kinds of batteries and capacitors. We will review the recent technological breakthrough in electrical energy storage devices.