Abstract
This paper presents a review on the recent research and technical progress of electric motor systems and electric powertrains for new energy vehicles. Through the analysis and comparison of direct current motor, induction motor, and synchronous motor, it is found that permanent magnet synchronous motor has better overall performance; by comparison with converters with Si-based IGBTs, it is found converters with SiC MOSFETs show significantly higher efficiency and increase driving mileage per charge. In addition, the pros and cons of different control strategies and algorithms are demonstrated. Next, by comparing series, parallel, and power split hybrid powertrains, the series–parallel compound hybrid powertrains are found to provide better fuel economy. Different electric powertrains, hybrid powertrains, and range-extended electric systems are also detailed, and their advantages and disadvantages are described. Finally, the technology roadmap over the next 15 years is proposed regarding traction motor, power electronic converter and electric powertrain as well as the key materials and components at each time frame.
Highlights
With the thriving economy, car demand has increased
The results showed that the miller effect caused by the parasitic parameters in SiC JFET devices was the main reason of high Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
In a test based on GaN, the parasitic capacitance in the case of asymmetric windings limited the common mode (CM) cancelation, the ground current amplitude could be reduced by 90%, and the conduction CM electromagnetic interference (CMEMI) emission could be reduced by an average of 20 dB without using any filter
Summary
Car demand has increased. fuel-powered vehicles emit carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide, causing greenhouse effect on the climate and toxic effect on human health [1, 2]. NEV traction motors should be adapted for harsh operating environments. High rate of acceleration/deceleration, high torque at low speed and high power at vehicle high-speed climbing, high power density, large highly efficient operating area, low vibration and noise, high reliability and high performance-to-price ratio are required by the automotive industry [8, 9]. Traction motors and motor power electronic controllers are the core parts for converting the electromechanical energy in NEVs [10, 11]. The requirements for the electric drive systems in NEVs mainly include the following aspects: (1) high torque density and good torque control capability for vehicle dynamic performance; (2) reliability and durability for the required vehicle safety and life; (3) high efficiency within operation spectrum [13, 14] and high performanceto-cost ratio for the energy economy and the users’ capital investment. The advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies and their prospects and development are discussed, providing reference for the researchers and engineers in NEVs powertrain system areas
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