Development Priorities Research Articles

ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF AN EMERGING INCLUSIVE ECONOMY

The article substantiates the necessity for enterprises to adapt to modern challenges and opportunities associated with the development of an inclusive economy. It analyzes contemporary trends and key issues impacting the functioning of enterprises in this context. The research delves into the critical aspects of managing enterprise development, including strategic planning, organizational changes, and innovative business approaches. Emphasis is placed on the importance of a systemic approach to solving these problems, which involves the active participation of the state, business, and civil society. The key aspects of managing enterprise development in the context of an inclusive economy are explored. In particular, strategic planning plays a crucial role in determining priority development areas, setting goals, and tasks that meet the requirements of an inclusive economy. A comprehensive set of measures aimed at enhancing the efficiency of enterprise development management in the context of an inclusive economy is proposed. The need for enterprises to adapt to the evolving landscape of an inclusive economy is becoming increasingly imperative. The dynamics of the modern economic environment, characterized by rapid technological advancements, globalization, and shifting consumer preferences, necessitate that businesses not only seek profitability but also contribute to social and environmental well-being. This dual focus on financial performance and societal impact is essential for achieving sustainable growth and maintaining competitive advantage. Training and skill development are critical components of an inclusive economy. Enterprises must invest in continuous learning and professional development programs to enhance the capabilities of their workforce. Professional development programs should focus on upskilling and reskilling employees, enabling them to adapt to new technologies and market demands. Collaboration with educational institutions can bridge the gap between academia and industry, ensuring that graduates possess the skills required by the labor market. Enterprises should encourage employees to engage in continuous education and provide access to online courses, workshops, and seminars.

State corporations in the implementation of scientific and technological policy of Russia

The article examines the features of modern scientific and technological policy (STP) in the context of external challenges and selected development priorities. The key directions for the implementation of the STP before and after 2022 are analyzed separately, with an emphasis on new directions in the Policy of Technological Sovereignty. The place of state corporations in the implementation of the STP is identified, and a comprehensive analysis of the interim results of the activities of the state corporations Rostec, Rosatom and Roscosmos is carried out in the most important areas of the STP until 2022, as well as an analysis of scientific and production potential and prospects for the inclusion of state corporations in the development of new directions. A conclusion is drawn about the active participation of state corporations in the implementation of the main directions of scientific and technical progress, including the Policy of Technological Sovereignty. The main barriers that reduce the effectiveness of state corporations are identified, and recommendations are developed to optimize their participation.

Government Expenditure on Education, Educational Index, and Economic Growth in Nepal: An ARDL-ECM Approach

Education is a key priority in economic development, significantly impacting growth and society through its role in enhancing human capital and advancing technological knowledge. Government spending on education is crucial for providing equitable access to quality education and is widely believed to stimulate economic growth. This study examines the relationship between education, government expenditure on education, and economic growth in Nepal from 1990 to 2022, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and the Error Correction Model (ECM) to assess long-run and short-run impacts. The findings reveal that the educational index, gross capital formation, and population have a positive and significant impact on economic growth. In contrast, government expenditure on education, domestic credit to the private sector, and trade openness have negative and insignificant effects on long-run economic growth. Additionally, the educational index shows a negative and significant impact on economic growth in the short run. The study’s policy recommendations emphasize the need to increase government spending on education, implement effective mechanisms for spending, and enhance credit availability and trade openness to boost economic growth.

Governance priorities for the post-war development and European integration of rural local communities in Ukraine

Governance priorities for the post-war development and European integration of rural local communities in Ukraine

Aligning adaptation and sustainability agendas: lessons from protected areas

Nations worldwide are committing to international environmental agreements and defining aspirational goals aligned with their sustainable development priorities and responsibilities. The post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework is an example of such aspirations. Under this framework, nations aim to expand protected areas or create new ones as one way to integrate conservation and climate change agendas. However, implementing those high-level agreements does not necessarily align with local realities and dynamics. In this paper we examined the operational challenges experienced by protected areas actors to adapt conservation strategies to climate change. Based on interviews at the local level and a policy analysis, we identify adaptation narratives and explore potential mismatches in their implementation at the national and local level (protected areas) in three countries: Australia, Colombia, and South Africa. We assess how local visions and interpretations of adaptation align with high-level policies and how existing institutional arrangements facilitate or constrain the implementation of adaptation and, therefore, aspirations for long-term sustainability. We found that adaptation narratives at the local level are framed by common ideas and identities based on local relations within a territory. At the same time, existing governance arrangements and political contexts determine the feasibility of adaptation. The primary mismatches are high-level political and economic interests denoting different interpretations about the territory and of local realities, including the readiness, technical, and resource capacity of protected areas actors to implement adaptation. Place-based adaptation provides a common ground for scaling adaptation. However, scaling adaptation requires enabling institutional contexts, clear rules and policies to facilitate deliberations and coordinated responses across different actors and sectors, while guiding the uptake and integration of local needs and realities within national agendas.

Impact Asessment of One Pesantren One Product (OPOP) as a Government Economic resilient Program to Improve the Pesantren Small Enterprises in the East Java Province

Abstract. One Pesantren One Product (OPOP) is one of economic development priority programs initiated by the government of the province of East Java, Indonesia, under the Governor regulation No. 62, 2020, aiming to improve the entepreneurship of Pesantren (an Indonesian term for traditional Islamic school) to raise the society resilient in economy and develop Sharia economic ecosystem through out the region of East Java Province. Up to 2022, there are 750 Pesantren of which 174 Pesantren has been provided both trainings and funds as the benefits of the program. This study is aimed to evaluate the impacts of this 4 year ongoing program by surveying and collecting the primary data of Pesantren enterprise condition prior and subsequent to accepting the benefits of this OPOP program to assess how significance the program affects the growth of the Pesantren enterprise. The method used in this study is content analysis of an in-depth guided interview assessing seven research variables used in this study ; legality, human resources, products/services, marketing, cash flow, internal impacts and external impacts. All of these variables are the result of a Delphi consensus by inter-diciplinary academicians and inter-sectoral government officers. There are 34 samples is taken out of the 174 population with the method of multi-stage cluster random sampling, choosing 8 region in the province by cluster sampling and then choosing ten typologies of the enterprise by non-proportional stratified random sampling. The analysis technique used is a likert scale, to score each research variable in the context of both prior and subsequent conditions to receiving the benefits of the OPOP program resulting in categorization of 3 different classes, and how significance the impacts of the program to the seven variables research lead to the escalation of the class of the studied samples. The result is 62% of the Pesantren enterprise experienced class ascension with 4 enterprise typologies, which are Food raw material, processed food products, farming and beverage products, that is affected the most by this OPOP program.

ESG-Driven Investment Decisions in Photovoltaic Projects

As global climate change intensifies and environmental awareness increases, investing in renewable energy has become a primary economic and social development priority. Photovoltaic (PV) projects, as a clean and sustainable energy technology, have garnered significant attention due to their notable environmental and economic benefits. However, traditional investment evaluation methods such as net present value (NPV) analysis fail to adequately capture the flexibility and future uncertainties inherent in PV project investments. This paper presents a case study analysis proposing a delay option model that incorporates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors, providing a more scientific and flexible investment decision framework for PV projects. The case study results indicate that considering ESG factors significantly enhances the investment value of PV projects. This model not only provides comprehensive support for PV project investment decisions but also underscores the importance of establishing stringent carbon trading markets and policy incentive mechanisms to promote the widespread adoption and sustainable development of renewable energy projects.

Priority development areas and employment in Russian cities

Priority development areas and employment in Russian cities

Inequity in Access to Sustainable Urban Parks in South Tucson, AZ

This study highlights the poor conditions of urban parks in South Tucson, a predominantly Hispanic area, and provides actionable solutions for enhancing equity in urban park access and quality. This was done by comparing the parks in the study area to the parks in East Tucson, an area predominantly Caucasian. The samples were selected using stratified random sampling. The case study method was used to make a comparison between three parks in south Tucson, namely Santa Rosa, Mirasol, and Ormsby Parks, and those in East Tucson, namely Roy P. Drachmann Agua, Morris K. Udall, and Michael Perry Parks. Findings show that parks in east Tucson had more amenities, were better maintained, were larger, and had a higher proportion of green spaces and more facilities than those in south Tucson. The author recommends that park authorities ensure that the parks in South Tucson are well-maintained and have enough amenities and green spaces to meet the needs of the residents. Also, the residents should collaborate to identify park development priorities to ensure they have a voice in creating sustainable parks in their communities. Lastly, the principles of environmental justice should be included as a criterion for the distribution and maintenance of public parks for underserved populations.

Research and Development Needs to Enable Renewable-Powered Liquid Alkaline Electrolyzers

Low temperature electrolysis (LTE) is the most promising method for fully renewable hydrogen production. However, to compete with current hydrogen production methods (which produce CO2), substantial cost reductions and efficiency improvements are necessary. Of the various LTE technologies, liquid alkaline (LA) electrolysis is the most mature. It has proven large scalability and can operate with all earth-abundant materials. However, most conventional LA electrolyzers are limited to lower current density operation than newer LTE technologies.Most LA electrolyzers operate with uncatalyzed Ni anodes, despite the existence of many highly active catalysts for oxygen evolution in alkaline conditions. This is because catalyzed systems require constant operation, as the catalyst layers degrade and delaminate rapidly upon exposure to the reverse polarization conditions experienced during system shutdown. This limitation prevents the integration of catalyzed electrodes, as even a single unexpected plant shutdown causes significant efficiency and cost losses. Further, this prevents fully catalyzed LA electrolyzers from directly operating with renewable power sources with large power fluctuations. Therefore, the development of reverse-current tolerant catalyst layers is essential to enable high-efficiency renewable energy powered LA electrolyzers.This talk will detail the mechanisms of electrode degradation during electrolyzer system shutdown. Our findings reveal anode catalyst layers fail through a combined electrochemical and mechanical degradation mechanism. I will discuss key differences in the cathode versus anode operating environments that explain the difference in reverse current tolerance. Considering these results, I will highlight priority research and development directions for developing anode and cathode catalysts for renewable-powered LA electrolyzers.

Analysis of the Russian Market for Artificial Lung Ventilation Units

The medical industry is strategically important for the national economy and healthcare. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the importance of local MedTech capacity and production facilities to meet the needs of the healthcare market. The purpose of the study is to conduct the analysis of the Russian market of artificial lung ventilation devices (ventilators). Materials and methods. The analysis of customs statistics data was carried out by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Activity of the Russian Federation (RF), the Federal Customs Service of Russia (FCS Russia), Federal Tax Service of Russia (FTS Russia), Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Health Care (Roszdravnadzor) as well as the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity (FEACN RF). During the study, statistical methods were used, as well as analysis and synthesis. The author determined the number of ventilator models present on the Russian market, the dynamics of their import and export volumes (during and after the COVID-19 pandemic) in the country context. Results. Up to 200 ventilator models from 87 vendors are represented on the RF market. The volume of imports of ventilators in 2022 amounted to $ 32.0 million (2.2 billion rubles). After a jump in imports during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, the volume of deliveries fell to 43 million (-23% by 2019), and in 2022 the decline was 25% (-44% by 2019). In 2020, the imports volume of value of ventilators increased 6.5 times. In 2021, the volume of imports and exports immediately fell below the indicators of the pre-crisis period. Deliveries from Germany decreased by 52%, the USA — by 86%, Korea — by 98%, France — by 29%, Slovakia — by 36%, and from Sweden stopped altogether. China has increased the volume of imports, adding 81% by 2021, and Switzerland to 41%. The volume of exports amounted to $ 383 thousand (410 million rubles), including exports to the EAEU countries amounted to $ 88 thousand, exports to non-CIS countries decreased by 95% (from $ 6.7 million to $ 0.3 million in 2021-2022). Conclusion. The results of this study can be applied by Russian ventilator manufacturers to assess the growth potential, as well as by government authorities to set priorities for strategic development by segments of the medical devices market.

Государственное управление устойчивым развитием: опыт России и Китая

The article examines modern forms of public administration of sustainable development in Russia and China. It has been revealed that national projects predominate in Russia. This framework allows to focus on solving strategic problems and to use project approach technologies for the comprehensive implementation of development priorities. In its turn, China’s strategy is characterized by support of implementation of the sustainable development goals through the adoption of specific regulatory documents for each goal and the identification of funding sources for each goal. The research shows that mutual enrichment with proven management technologies will allow both countries to implement national sustainable development goals in less time, solve common problems in border regions, influence international discourse in a multipolar world, and intensify global cooperation.

ПОСТРОЕНИЕ СТРУКТУРИРОВАННОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЙ МОДЕЛИ СИСТЕМЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ СТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ, СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРУЮЩЕЙ-СЯ НА ЖИЛИЩНОМ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ С ПОМОЩЬЮ РИСК-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО ПОДХОДА

The results of the study provided an opportunity for the author to reveal the fea-tures of the development of the construction industry and its role in the system of national development priorities. The resulting parameters were systematized, al-lowing us to conclude about the contribution of housing construction to achiev-ing the growth rate of the national economy, and also summarized the goals and objectives of the transformation of the construction industry in Russia in accord-ance with the approved Strategy, which allowed us to identify the main problems and challenges that need to be given priority attention to form an integrated mechanism for ensuring the economic security of construction organizations spe-cializing in housing construction. The main requirements that are imposed on the system of economic security of organizations in the construction sector spe-cializing in housing construction and aimed at protecting assets, preventing risks, as well as ensuring business sustainability are highlighted. The main stag-es of the formation of a structured organizational model of the economic security system of a construction organization specializing in housing construction using a risk-based approach are proposed and characterized

Global evaluation of current and future threats to drylands and their vertebrate biodiversity.

Drylands are often overlooked in broad conservation frameworks and development priorities and face increasing threats from human activities. Here we evaluated the formal degree of protection of global drylands, their land vertebrate biodiversity and current threats, and projected human-induced land-use changes to drylands under different future climate change and socioeconomic scenarios. Overall, drylands have lower protected-area coverage (12%) compared to non-drylands (21%). Consequently, most dryland vertebrates including many endemic and narrow-ranging species are inadequately protected (0-2% range coverage). Dryland vertebrates are threatened by varied anthropogenic factors-including agricultural and infrastructure development (that is, artificial structures, surfaces, roads and industrial sites). Alarmingly, by 2100 drylands are projected to experience some degree of land conversion in 95-100% of their current natural habitat due to urban, agricultural and alternative energy expansion. This loss of undisturbed dryland regions is expected across different socioeconomic pathways, even under optimistic scenarios characterized by progressive climate policies and moderate socioeconomic trends.

Determining the Location of Solar Power Plant in Indonesia Using Fuzzy-AHP TOPSIS

Solar is a promising renewable energy source for Indonesia's increasing electricity demand, which grows at the rate of 3.3% annually. However, high investment costs and unclear policies hinder Solar Power Plant (SPP) development. Considering the potential for growth in energy demand and the low long-term operational costs, it is imperative to foster SPP expansion in Indonesia. This study aims to identify location criteria and potential SPP development sites in Indonesia. We employ Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) combining Fuzzy-AHP and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodologies to assign criteria weights and prioritize alternative SPP locations. Results show that, from all respondents using the geometric mean in the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), it is found that the Economic criteria give the highest weight at 31%, and subcriteria of Land Availability, Peak Sun Hours, Geographic Location, Distance from Transportation Networks, Construction Costs, and Government Regulations contribute significantly. The ranking of alternative solutions indicates that South Sumatra Province holds the highest priority for SPP development with a 0.572 score, closely followed by North Sumatra at 0.571

Does enterprises agglomeration lead to increased pollution emissions? Evidence from Chinese microdata

Enterprise agglomeration provides significant economic benefits but also carries substantial environmental impacts. Using the China Industrial Enterprise Database, this research develops novel metrics to comprehensively quantify specialization and diversity within enterprise agglomeration patterns in the Chinese industry from 1998 to 2012. Meanwhile, this study also theoretically links levels of enterprise agglomeration to pollution levels by extending established models and testing these relationships empirically with emissions data from the period. The study finds that enterprise agglomeration has a "U-shaped" relationship with environmental pollution that is modified by factors like fossil fuel intensity and strength of environmental regulations. The conclusions suggest priorities for sustainable development include optimizing degrees of enterprise agglomeration and promoting energy efficiency and stricter standards to support long-term compatibility between economic clustering through enterprise agglomeration and environmental performance goals.

Analysis of Potential Regional Economic Development in Bengkulu Province in 2022

Bengkulu Province is one of the developing provinces in Indonesia. The distribution of development and economic growth is still one of the main objectives of development in Indonesia, as well as Bengkulu Province. Development and growth are still centralised in Bengkulu City, causing inequality between regions in Bengkulu Province. This research aims to identify the typology of regions in Bengkulu Province, as an evaluation material for the government in determining priority development areas based on business fields in Bengkulu Province. The research method used is quantitative with sharpened through descriptive analysis. This research uses secondary data sources obtained from BPS Bengkulu Province. Based on the existing business sectors in Bengkulu Province, the primary sector or sectors that still depend on or take advantage of natural conditions, such as; agriculture, forestry and fisheries have the largest contribution to the Bengkulu Province GRDP, which is 27.57%, then the next sector is the Wholesale and Retail Trade sector; Car and Motorcycle Repair, with an average contribution of 15.82%, and the Government Administration sector with a contribution of 8.88%. Data were analysed using Klassen's typology, by dividing or grouping into 4 (four) quadrants based on business field indicators. The results of the Klassen typology analysis in Bengkulu Province based on business fields show that there is close to equity in each sector, typology in quadrants 1, 3, and 4 consists of 5 business fields, while the typology results in quadrant 2, only consists of 2 business fields (Manufacturing, Public Administration & Defence; Compulsory Social Security).Keywords: Regional Typology; Klassen Typology; Economy; Development.

Multi–Scenario Prediction of Land Cover Changes and Habitat Quality Based on the FLUS–InVEST Model in Beijing

As urbanization accelerates worldwide, understanding the impact of urban expansion on habitat quality has become increasingly critical in environmental science research. This study examines the impact of urban expansion on habitat quality in Beijing, forecasting land cover changes and ecological effects by 2030. Using CA–Markov and FLUS models, the research analyzes habitat quality from 2000 to 2030 through the InVEST model, revealing a significant urban land increase of 1316.47 km2 and a consequent habitat quality decline. Predictions for 2030 indicate varying habitat quality outcomes across three scenarios: ecological priority (0.375), natural growth (0.373), and urban development (0.359). We observed that the natural growth scenario forecasts a further decline in habitat quality, primarily due to increased low–value habitat regions. Conversely, the ecological priority scenario projects a notable improvement in habitat quality. To mitigate habitat degradation in Beijing and enhance regional habitat quality and ecological conditions, it is recommended to control urban land cover expansion, adopt effective ecological conservation policies, and systematically carry out national spatial restructuring and ecological restoration. This research provides vital decision–making support for urban planning and ecological conservation, emphasizing the need for comprehensive land cover and ecological strategies in urban development. Additionally, our findings and methodologies are applicable to other rapidly urbanizing cities worldwide. This demonstrates the broader applicability and relevance of our research, providing a framework for sustainable urban planning in diverse global contexts.

Multi-Scenario Simulation of Land Use Change and Ecosystem Service Value Based on the Markov–FLUS Model in Ezhou City, China

Changes in land use patterns, types, and intensities significantly impact ecosystem services. This study follows the time series logic from history to the expected future to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of land use changes in Ezhou and their potential impacts on the ecosystem services value (ESV). The results show that the Markov–FLUS model has strong applicability in predicting the spatial pattern of land use, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.9433 and a FoM value of 0.1080. Between 2000 and 2020, construction land expanded continuously, while water area remained relatively stable, and other land types experienced varying degrees of contraction. Notably, the area of construction land expanded significantly compared to 2000, and it expanded by 70.99% in 2020. Moreover, the watershed area expanded by 9.30% from 2000 to 2010, but there was very little change in the following 10 years. Under the three scenarios, significant differences in land use changes were observed in Ezhou City, driven by human activities, particularly the strong expansion of construction land. In the inertial development scenario, construction land expanded to 313.39 km2 by 2030, representing a 38.30% increase from 2020. Conversely, under the farmland protection scenario, construction land increased to 237.66 km2, a 4.89% rise from 2020. However, in the ecological priority development scenario, the construction land area expanded to 253.59 km2, a 10.13% increase from 2020. Compared to 2020, the ESV losses in the inertia development and farmland protection scenarios were USD 4497.71 and USD 1072.23, respectively, by 2030. Conversely, the ESV under the ecological protection scenario increased by USD 2749.09, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing ecological protection in Ezhou City’s development. This study may provide new clues for the formulation of regional strategies for sustainable land use and ecosystem restoration.

Modelling Multi-Scenario Ecological Network Patterns and Dynamic Spatial Conservation Priorities in Mining Areas

Mining activities have significantly altered the land use patterns of mining areas, exacerbated the degree of landscape fragmentation, and thereby led to the loss of biodiversity. Ecological networks have been recognized as an essential component for enhancing habitat connectivity and protecting biodiversity. However, existing studies lack dynamic analysis at the landscape scale under multiple future scenarios for mining areas, which is adverse to the identification of ecological conservation regions. This study used the MOP-PLUS (multi-objective optimization problem and patch-level land use simulation) model to simulate the land use patterns in the balance of ecology and economy (EEB) scenario and ecological development priority (EDP) scenario for the Shendong coal base. Then, climate change and land use patterns were integrated into ecosystem models to analyze the dynamic changes in the ecological networks. Finally, the conservation priorities were constructed, and dynamic conservation hotspots were identified using landscape mapping methods. The following results were obtained: (1) From 2000 to 2020, large grassland areas were replaced by mining areas, while cultivated land was replenished. By 2030, the forest and grassland areas (967.00 km2, 8989.70 km2) will reach their peaks and the coal mine area (356.15 km2) will reach its nadir in the EDP scenario. (2) The fragmentation of ecological sources intensified (MPS decreased from 19.81 km2 to 18.68 km2) and ecological connectivity declined (in particular, α decreased by 6.58%) from 2000 to 2020. In 2030, the connectivity in the EDP scenario will increase, while the connectivity in the EEB scenario will be close to that of 2020. (3) The central and southeastern parts of the Shendong coal base have higher conservation priorities, which urgently need to be strengthened. This study offers guidance on addressing the challenges of habitat and biodiversity conservation in mining areas.