Development Of Strength Endurance Research Articles

Recreational running as a means of training for the development of strength endurance for children and adolescents

Recreational running as a means of training for the development of strength endurance for children and adolescents

Cardiorespiratory synchronization under the influence of strength endurance training

Purpose: to determine changes in the parameters of cardiorespiratory relationships during the maneuver with a change in breathing rate after a 4-month cycle of training aimed at the development of strength endurance. Material & Methods: the results of the spiroarteriocardiorhythmographic study of 22 healthy men aged 20.7±2.3 years, who for 4 months 2 times a week for 90 minutes, were analyzed (a total of 30 classes were held) engaged in training for the development of strength endurance. The indicators of heart rate (min–1), respiratory rate (min–1), cardiac output (dm3×min–1), minute lung ventilation (L×min–1) and their derivatives – the Hildebrandt index (HR/RR) and volume synchronization index (CO/V), which were obtained during spontaneous respiration and controlled breathing at 0.1 Hz and 0.25 Hz. Results: it was shown that strength endurance training led to a probable decrease in heart rate from 71.4 (63.9; 77.5) to 64.3 (60.8; 68.3), p=0.002, respiratory rate from 14.1 (12, 7; 16.8) to 13.8 (10.7; 15.3), p= 0.020 and minute lung ventilation from 8.19 (6.24; 8.86) to 6.40 (3.73; 7.74) ), p=0.004 during spontaneous breathing, as well as a significant increase in the volumetric synchronization index. (dm3×L–1) during spontaneous respiration from 0.597 (0.490; 0.832) to 0.725 (0.564; 1.148), p=0.008, during controlled respiration at 0.1 Hz from 0.327 (0.382; 0.529) to 0.532 (0.441; 0.723), p=0.012 and during controlled respiration at 0.25 Hz from 0,245 (0,339; 0,455) to 0,481 (0,373; 0,616), р=0,003 against the background of a decrease in the Hildebrandt index during controlled respiration 0,1 Hz from 11.14 (10.43; 12.49) to 10.18 (9.54; 11.00), p=0.001, as well as with controlled respiration at 0.25 Hz from 5.33 (4.68; 5.85) to 4.46 (4.13; 4, 78), p=0.000. Conclusions: endurance training for 4 months led to an economization of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems function and a decrease in the response to sympathoadrenal activation and hyperventilation.

Structure of the training process of highly qualified sprinters with visual impairments

The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the problem of the structure of the training process of highly-qualified athletes with visual impairments. Over the past decades, Paralympic sports have shown a tendency to transfer the theoretical and methodological foundations of the training of Olympic athletes to disabled sports, which leads to the neglect of psychological, functional and morphological characteristics of Paralympic athletes. in the scientific and methodological literature, there are no studies aimed at studying the peculiarities of the structure of the training process of Paralympic athletes with visual impairments who have different sports qualifications. Information about highly qualified visually impaired athletes is fragmentary and isolated. Summarization literary sources shows that most of them are devoted to separate aspects of training and functional classification of paralympians. As a result of the study, the physiological features of athletes with visual impairments were revealed: low level of development of strength endurance, coordination and speed qualities, high energy expenditure during the performance of a motor task and rapid fatigue; inconsistency of circadian rhythms with changes in the activity of their body, which should be taken into account in the process of training people with visual impairments. It has been established that most coaches in the training process of sprinters with visual impairments are guided by the basic provisions of training athletes without visual impairments. The analysis of modern literature has shown the specificity of the organization of the training process of sprinters at various stages of training.

Evaluation of the soldier's physical fitness test results (strength endurance) ın relation to genotype: longitudinal study

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to determine the effect of ACE gene polymorphism on the parameters studied (push-up & sit-up) in a long-term study, which has been carried out for many years and to find out whether the differences in ACE gene's metabolism due to the influence of parameters such as outside impacts and lifestyle (active or sedentary life) have a role in the development of strength endurance or not.Main text59 male army officers made up the research team. A follow-up study of strength endurance (push-up and sit-up) test was conducted in the gym. The exam took two minutes to complete, and each application was tested separately. In both 2004 and 2019, persons with genotype ID had the best mean sit-up and push-up outcomes, followed by participants with genotype DD, and finally participants with genotype II (P 0.05). Compared to the original rates in 2004, all genotype groups showed a significant reduction in push-up and sit-up scores in the test.ConclusionThe findings of this study may reveal if strength and lifestyle choices affect the metabolic implications of the genetic polymorphism in the body. Particular varieties actuated by genes, on either hand, don’t result in significant improvements without any changes in individuals’ practices or ways of living, as per the conclusions.

Використання нестандартного обладнання в процесі занять з фізичної підготовки

The article focuses on the issues of physical training of cadets – future employees of the National Police of Ukraine. The aim of the article is to determine the appropriateness of the use of elements of using elements of fitness (TRX functional loops) to increase the level of physical activity and improve the process of physical training of future law enforcement officers of the National Police of Ukraine. That is why training sessions with the help of functional loops provide advantages over the traditional form of training for the development of strength endurance of future law enforcement officers. The TRX program is associated with the concept of «functional training». The principle of functional training is to promote the development of those who are engaged in the ability to use rationally and effectively their physical abilities to solve specific motor problems by mastering motor stereotypes of a particular activity. The main emphasis in functional training is on the ability to perform movements with optimal amplitude in conditions that are constantly changing, due to the influence of external forces affect the body at the time of changing its position. The program of physical training classes for cadets with the help of functional loops TRX includes a significant arsenal of basic exercises and almost unlimited number of modifications and combinations and provides the opportunity to choose the necessary movements based on tasks for each lesson and level of physical fitness. For the development of strength and power endurance are often used sets of exercises that involve the main muscle groups of cadets. It is proved that the inclusion in the curriculum of physical training of cadets the complexes of exercises with the help of functional loops TRX, firstly, increased their efficiency, made it possible to interest cadet youth in the joint motor activities, regular physical exercises, and secondly increased interest in individual classes.

Ways to Improve the Development of Strength Endurance in Girls and Boys

Topicality. The constant decrease in the level of schoolchildren`s physical qualities and physical health development is the main issue of modern Ukraine. Therefore, the involvement of schoolchildren to the new interesting types of health physical culture and the promotion of exercises is the value task for a contemporary PE teacher at secondary schools. The Purpose of the Research is to substantiate the effectiveness of the implemented Floor Work Methodology for the educational process optimization at PE lessons for senior schoolchildren. The Research Organization. The study involved high school children of main medical group. The proposed methodology increases the motor and overall density of PE. The use of the power part of Floor Work was introduced into each lesson (at the end of the main part of the lesson), regardless of the topic. The Research Results. There was an improvement in the results of both experimental groups (EG): pull up strength-endurance – in 2,7 times (males); flexion and extension of the arms at bent-arm leaning rest – in 1,7 (ma- les) and female – in 2,0 times; raising the legs at a 90-degree angle – in 3,1 (males) and female – in 3,8 times; rope skipping – in 3,2 times (males) and female – in 1,5 times. The highest increase in the results of the static strength endurance development is observed performing the following exercises: hanging bent to an angle – in 2,5 times (males); angled position – in 2,5 times (males) and females – in 3,2 times; half squats with feet shoulder-width apart – in 3,3 times (females). The results of the survey indicate the formation of positive motivation of EG high schoolchildren for PE attendance. Conclusions. Comparison of the results before and after the experiment allowed establishing a positive trend in both EGs with symbolic significance for all indicators of testing, which signifies the effectiveness of the implemented Floor work Methodology into the PE classes.

Developing strength-endurance for combat sports athletes

Strength-endurance is one of the trainable physical capacities that could determine the success in some combat sports and its inclusion is obligatory in the training periodization of high-level athletes. In striking combat sports, such as boxing and taekwondo, it seems likely that increases in dynamic strength-endurance improve the ability to execute combat movements repeatedly. On the other hand, grapplers need to develop high levels of strength-endurance because during the match much time is spent in grip dispute and the success in this phase may determine the possibility to execute scoring techniques. Furthermore, in mixed combat sports, where a combination of striking and grappling are required, athletes needs to have the capacity to maintain dynamic or static muscular actions during prolonged periods during the match, and the strength-endurance is one key element. Therefore, this chapter presents the strength-endurance requirements during the match, the specific tests for its evaluation, scientific evidence of longitudinal studies on the development of strength-endurance in combat sports athletes and the methods for its development.

Теоретические и практические аспекты развития силы и силовой выносливости мышц брюшного пресса у студенток вуза

A special place in the assessment of the physical fitness of university students is given to the state of individual muscle groups, including the level of strength and strength endurance of the abdominal muscles. Developed abdominal muscles play a significant role in maintaining a high level of physical performance of female students in health-improving aerobics classes, which are especially popular among girls. At present, the insufficient value of the power load in physical education classes and the low level of independent motor activity of student youth lead to a decrease in the power indicators of the abdominal muscles. The need to assess the strength endurance of the torso muscles of students involved in health-improving aerobics, as well as the choice of means and methods for its development, determined the purpose of this study, aimed at determining the initial level of development of strength endurance of the abdominal muscles of 1–4 year students. The analysis of the values obtained as a result of the fulfillment of the test task “Raising the torso from the supine position” in one minute by the 1–4 year students showed a significant discrepancy in the development of strength endurance of the abdominal muscles (Ρ < 0,05). The highest values in torso flexion were registered in the 2nd year students, after which these indicators returned to the initial level shown in the first year. In accordance with the results obtained, a scale for assessing the level of strength endurance of the abdominal muscles of female students engaged in health-improving aerobics are developed, as well as theoretical and practical aspects related to the development of strength and strength endurance of the abdominal muscles in university students are analyzed.

THE IMPORTANCE OF KETTLEBELL LIFTING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ STRENGTH ENDURANCE

The theoretical and practical aspects of using the various approaches in the strength endurance development of kettlebell lifting sport enthusiasts are given in this article. The technical features of performing exercises with kettlebells are developed.

DEVELOPMENT OF POWER QUALITIES IN STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION BY MEANS OF POWERLIFTING

The article highlights the urgency of the problem of developing the strength of students of higher education. The method of development of power qualities of students by means of powerlifting is theoretically substantiated and developed. It is revealed that during powerlifting classes the basis for individual dosing of physical activity is the calculation of the repeated maximum, which is determined by raising the maximum load for each student in a given number of repetitions. Emphasis is placed on the fact that to build powerlifting classes should take into account a number of important factors: body type, physical fitness and health status of students, type and nature of strength training, volume and intensity of muscle work, weight, number of repetitions exercises and approaches, duration and nature of rest, sequence of strength exercises. Depending on these components, exercise planning was carried out. It is noted that people with different body types react differently to strength training, so when organizing strength triathlon classes in the selection of exercises for students it is necessary to apply a differentiated approach. The effectiveness of the method of development of strength qualities of students of higher education institutions in the process of powerlifting classes on the dynamics of indicators of control tests is proved. It was found that the students of the experimental group significantly improved the development of speed and strength qualities according to the results in the test “long jump from a place” (228.13 cm) compared with the results before the experiment (221.05 cm) by 7.08 cm р<0.05). Statistically significant shifts of the experimental group, in contrast to the control in the development of strength endurance (p <0.05). In the experimental group there was an improvement in the results in flexion and extension of the arms in the supine position from 35.26 to 48.39 times (t = 3.4), pull-ups on the crossbar from 7.93 to 12.21 times (t = 2.7) and in lifting the torso to the side for 1 min. from 32.46 to 38.17 times, respectively. During the experiment, the students of the control group were able to significantly improve their results on the test of lifting the torso to the side for 1 min (p <0,05).

Integral Development of Power Endurance in Cadets of Higher Educational Institutions of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine

The purpose of the study is to experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of specially selected methods for the development of strength endurance of cadets of 1-2 courses of the National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine. It was revealed that the main criterion for choosing exercises for developing the strength of cadets of 1-2 courses is the degree of workload of various muscle groups during their performance, as well as the optimal physical load in strength exercises of various kinds. The results of the study can be applied in the system of general and applied physical training in educational organizations of the State Emergencies Service of Ukraine to optimize the strength training of cadets for the effective implementation of professional duties.

PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL STRENGTH PREPARATION DURING THE WINTER MACROCYCLE FOR THE 800 m EVENT

Aim. To study the dynamics of the development of strength and speed-strength characteristics in men’s 800 m training during the winter macrocycle of running preparation. Material and methods. Four middle-distance athletes were included in the study. Seven indicators characterizing the strength- and speed-strength development were assessed during seven mesocycles of winter preparation. Results. The total strength reached its maximum volume in the first and second mesocycles. We tried to achieve a balance between the development of strength and endurance. Using special running exercises and short alternate leg bounds in the second and sixth mesocycles proved to have a forming input on special running preparation. The development of strength endurance takes place in the first three mesocycles. Conclusion. The strength and speed-strength training of 800 m runners has great importance for achieving high sports results. The effectiveness of the training process depends to a great extent on the structural distribution of strength preparation among the different mesocycles.

Motor Abilities: Peculiarities of Strength and Strength Endurance Development in Middle-School-Aged Girls in a 4-Week Physical Training Cycle

The study purpose was to develop a technology of programming for strength and strength endurance development in middle-school-aged girls in a 4-week physical training cycle.
 Materials and methods. The study participants were girls of 6th grade (n = 23), 7th grade (n = 20), 8th grade (n = 27). The paper used analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results. The study materials were processed by the IBM SPSS 23 statistical analysis software. The following parameters were calculated: arithmetic mean (X); standard deviation (s). The probability of difference in statistical indicators was estimated using the Student’s t-test. Results. The analysis of the study results demonstrated that after using a combined method of strength development (1–6 classes), the experimental group girls showed a statistically significant improvement in results in the set of tests (p < 0.05). After using a circuit training method (7–12 classes), the experimental group girls also showed a statistically significant improvement in results in the set of tests (p < 0.05). During the experiment, the 6th-8th grade girls of the control group showed no statistically significant improvement in test results for most parameters (p > 0.05).
 Conclusions. When using the combined method of strength development (1–6 classes) and the circuit training method (7–12 classes) in a 4-week physical training cycle, the middle-school-aged girls showed positive dynamics of strength and strength endurance development of shoulder muscles, abdominal and back muscles, leg muscles.

Motor abilities: methods of strength and strength endurance development in middle-school-aged boys in a 4-week physical training cycle

The study purpose was to develop a technology of programming for strength and strength endurance development in middle-school-aged boys in a 4-week physical training cycle. Materials and methods. The study participants were boys of 6th grade (n=35), 7th grade (n=36), 8th grade (n=36). The study materials were processed by the IBM SPSS 23 statistical analysis software. The following parameters were calculated: arithmetic mean (X); standard deviation (s). The probability of difference in statistical indicators was estimated using the Student's t-test. Results. The analysis of the study results demonstrated that after using a combined method of strength development (1-6 classes), the experimental group boys showed a statistically significant improvement in results in the set of tests ( p < 0.05). After using a combined method of strength development, the 6th-8th grade boys had the largest increase in the results of strength and strength endurance of shoulder muscles, strength and strength endurance of abdominal muscles, strength and static strength endurance of leg muscles ( p < 0.05). After using a circuit training method (7-12 classes), the experimental group boys also showed a statistically significant improvement in results in the set of tests ( p < 0.05). The 6th-8th grade boys had the largest increase in the results of dynamic and static strength endurance of shoulder muscles, abdominal and back muscles, leg muscles (p < 0.05). According to the Eurofit motor fitness tests, after using the combined method of strength development (1-6 classes) and the circuit training method (7-12 classes) in a 4-week training cycle, the experimental group boys showed a statistically significant improvement in results in the set of tests (p < 0.05). During the experiment, the 6th-8th grade boys of the control group showed no statistically significant improvement in test results for most parameters (p > 0.05). A comparison between the levels of strength fitness of the control group boys and experimental group boys after the experiment showed that the experimental group boys had statistically significantly better results of strength and strength endurance of shoulder muscles, abdominal and back muscles, leg muscles (p < 0.05). Conclusions. After using the combined method of strength development (1-6 classes) and the circuit training method (7-12 classes) in a 4-week physical training cycle, the middle-school-aged boys showed positive dynamics of strength and strength endurance development of shoulder muscles, abdominal and back muscles, leg muscles. The dynamics of strength and static endurance of the local muscle group is strongly influenced by the combined method of strength development. The circuit training method is effective to develop dynamic and static strength endurance of the local muscle group. For overall development of strength and general endurance, it is effective to use a combination of the combined method of strength development and circuit training method in a 4-week physical training cycle.

Motor Abilities: Methods of Strength and Strength Endurance Development in Middle-School-Aged Boys

The study purpose is to develop methods for strength and strength endurance development in middle-school-aged boys in a two-week physical training cycle.
 Materials and methods. The study participants were 6th grade boys (n = 36), 7th grade boys (n = 36), 8th grade boys (n = 33). The paper used analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results. The study materials were processed by the IBM SPSS 23 statistical analysis software. The following parameters were calculated: arithmetic mean (X); standard deviation (s). The probability of difference in statistical indicators was estimated using the Student’s t-test.
 Results. The analysis of the study results indicates that after using the method of circuit training (1–3 classes), the experimental group boys show a statistically significant improvement of results in the set of tests (p < 0.05). The largest increase was observed in the indicators of strength endurance of shoulder flexors, abdominal and back muscles, and static endurance of leg muscles. After using a combined method (4–6 classes), the experimental group boys show a statistically significant improvement of the results of strength and strength endurance of shoulder muscles, abdominal and back muscles, leg muscles (p < 0.05). The comparison between the levels of strength preparedness of the control group boys and experimental group boys after the experiment revealed that the experimental group boys show statistically significantly better results of strength and strength endurance of shoulder muscles, abdominal and back muscles, leg muscles (p < 0.05).
 Conclusions. The methods of strength and endurance development that includes circuit training (1–3 classes) and combined training (4–6 classes) have a positive effect on the dynamics of indicators of strength and strength endurance of shoulder muscles, abdominal and back muscles, leg muscles of the middle-school-aged boys. The method of circuit training is effective to develop general and local strength endurance, the dynamics of strength of the local muscle group is strongly influenced by the method of combined training.

Strength Abilities: Programming for Strength and Strength Endurance Development in Middle-School-Aged Girls

The study purpose is to develop a technology of programming for strength and strength endurance development in middle-school-aged girls in a 2-week training cycle.
 Materials and methods. The study participants were 6thgrade girls (n=20), 7thgrade girls (n=27), 8thgrade girls (n=30). The paper used analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results. The study materials were processed by the IBM SPSS 23 statistical analysis software. The following parameters were calculated: arithmetic mean (X); standard deviation (s). The probability of difference in statistical indicators was estimated using the Student's t-test.
 Results. The analysis of the study results showed that after 1-3 circuit training classes, the girls in the experimental group demonstrate a statistically significant, but slight improvement of results in the set of tests (p<0.05). After 1-3 classes of combined training, the experimental group girls show a statistically significant improvement in the results of strength and strength endurance of shoulder muscles, abdominal and back muscles, leg muscles (p<0.05). The comparison between the levels of strength preparedness of the control group girls and experimental group girls after the experiment revealed that the experimental group girls demonstrate statistically significantly better results of strength and strength endurance of shoulder muscles, abdominal and back muscles, leg muscles (p<0.05).
 Conclusions. When using 1-3 circuit training classes and 1-3 combined training classes in a 2-week training cycle, the middle-school-aged girls show a positive dynamics of strength and strength endurance development of shoulder muscles, abdominal and back muscles, leg muscles. The method of circuit training is effective to develop general and local strength endurance, the dynamics of strength of the local muscle group is strongly influenced by the combined training.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СРЕДСТВ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ В ПОСТСОРЕВНОВАТЕЛЬНОМ ПЕРИОДЕ ПОДГОТОВКИ ВЫСОКОКВАЛИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ СПОРТСМЕНОВ-ТАНЦОРОВ

Aim. The article deals with the development and experimental justification of recovery techniques for elite athletes-dancers in the post-competition period. Materials and Methods. To conduct a pedagogical experiment, we formed two groups (control and experimental), ten athletes-dancers in each group. In the experimental group, we introduced the technique based on targeted influence on the functional status of the muscular and nervous system by means of Pilates and static dynamic exercises. The pedagogical experiment lasted 3 months from June 2018 to August 2018. We measured the development of strength endurance of various muscle groups, functional weakness and muscle shortening. Results. We developed the technique based on Pilates and static and dynamic exercises. This technique is aimed at recovering functional status of the muscular nervous and central nervous systems in elite athletes-dancers in the post-competition period. As a result of statistical processing of the data obtained we revealed that this technique influenced significantly various aspects of psycho-functional status in athletes-dancers from the experimental group. Conclusion. The application of the technique developed in compliance with pedagogical aspects for the post-competition period of athletes-dancers contributes to targeted improvement of their functional and adaptation abilities.

학령기전 아동의 신체활동태도와 건강체력의 연관성

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to discover the level of attraction to physical activity and health-related physical fitness in pre-school children and to analyze the relativity between these two factors as a way to provide the base data for health promotion in children. Method: Health-related physical fitness measurements were obtained for the subjects (224 children, 5-6 years of age), by facilitating the measuring devices and attraction to physical activity using a survey questionnaire to collect pertinent information. An analysis was implemented for mean and standard deviation of each variable and an independent t-test was conducted for gender differences. Two-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the relationship between attitude toward physical activity and health fitness. Result: The attraction to physical activity of pre-school children on average is displayed with a preference of 14.28 points, self-confidence of 15.23 points, and enjoyment of 14.55 points. As for health-related physical fitness, the muscle strength endurance was 9.33 times, flexibility 9.85 cm, muscle strength endurance and flexibility 20.73 cm, and body composition 15.86 kg/m2. Attraction to physical activity and health-related physical fitness showed no difference according to gender; however, physical muscle strength endurance and muscle strength endurance and flexibility were found to be different according to age. Flexibility and body mass index did not correlate with attraction to physical activity but the preference and self-confidence of attraction to physical activity were related to muscle strength endurance. Furthermore, muscle strength endurance and flexibility and the enjoyment of physical activity were also related to muscle strength endurance development. Conclusion: The attraction to physical activity is definitely related to health-related physical fitness. There is a need for development, research and dispersion of an education program for physical activities that consider the attraction to physical activity for preference, enjoyment, and self-confidence regarding physical activities.

Experimental Substantiation of Special Training Simulators Application during Canoeists’ Training Process / Specialių treniruoklių taikymo eksperimentinis pagrindimas rengiant kanojininkus

This article develops the problems, associated with the complexity and difficulty of the process of canoe athletes’ motorconditioning parameters assessment. The possibility of special rowing machines appliance in the training process at the stage of preparatory period is revealed in here. The particular problem statement is the steep rise of competition in the rowing sport that requires looking for modern means and methods of the training process as a system-forming factor for the highest sport achievements. Constant search of optimization ways of training requires the use of modern technical means and methods for improvement of the conditional parameters of athletes in the rowing sport. One of them is the usage of special rowing machines that meet the requirements of the competitive exercises structure on spatial construction of the stroke and its power component. The research assessed kinematic parameters of the movements and functional capacity of athletes’ neuro-muscular potential when performing the test assignments on a special rowing machine and in canoe in the water environment. Operational registration of biomechanical parameters of rowing movements with high accuracy is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Well-timed analysis of this assessment will allow correcting the target of the training process and quickly changing approaches to the selection of training facilities at various stages of athletes’ training. To register kinematic parameters in the tests on a special rowing machine and in canoe in the water environment, high-speed video of the movements was used. For the registration of the bioelectric activity of muscles, the remote (wireless) hardware and software system Delsys Tringo was employed. Practical significance of this work lies in the fact that obtained results can be used to improve methodology of strength endurance development of athletes in rowing sport, which is based on the purposeful inclusion of the main sets of muscles, using special rowing machines with a variety of power focus, thus, allowing to playback the main competition movement. As a result of this research, the data of kinematic parameters of the movements of the athlete and the density of power spectrum of electrical activity in the main sets of muscles performing test assignment in natural conditions and on a special rowing machine was obtained. According to the analysis of video and EMG, the conclusion about accordance of the structure of movements in the test assignment on the rowing machine and the assignment in vivo was made.

The oral cavity state in professional athletes on the background of intense physical exercises

Aim. To estimate the parameters of dental and immune status of professional athletes’ oral cavity on the background of intense physical exercises. 
 Methods. Clinical and laboratory studies of oral cavity of 122 athletes were conducted. The inclusion criteria for the study group were the athletes involved in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling with identical living conditions, nutrition, training, aged 19 to 27 years. Athletic experience of professional sports was 8 to 13 years. The presence of chronic catarrhal gingivitis and chronic generalized periodontitis of mild and moderate severity were identified. Biochemical studies were conducted in 92 male athletes (wrestlers of the free and classical style) aged 19 to 27 years. Samples of saliva were collected in the morning on an empty stomach 15-30 min prior to training and within 1 h after the intensive training sessions. 
 Results. Before the start of the training of wrestlers with intact periodontium no signs of bleeding gums were detected, but at the end of the training process due to rising intensity of physical exercise, deterioration of the hygienic condition of the oral cavity and increasing blood flow, bleeding developed. After completion of the cycle of intense physical training with heavy loads aimed at the development of strength endurance in the prelaunch period, the immune status of the examined athletes changes a little. In accordance with the received data of laboratory investigations highly qualified athletes have decreased secretory immunoglobulin A on the background of significantly increased proinflammatory cytokine in the same biotope of the oral cavity. 
 Conclusion. Long-term and excessive exercise often lead to changes of local immunity in the oral cavity and development of pathological processes in periodontal tissues that indicates the feasibility of their timely diagnosis and correction.