Development Of Spectrophotometric Method Research Articles

New Extractive Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Danazol in Pharmaceutical Formulations

A simple, sensitive, selective, accurate and economical spectrophoto-metric method have been described in the present work for the deter-mination of danazol in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations (tablets). Method is based on the formation of yellow coloured ion-association complexes between danazol and alizarine red S in acid medium followed by their extraction with chloroform, exhibiting absorption maxima at 430 nm, and obeying Beer′s law in the concen-tration range of 5-30 μg/mL. Statistical analysis of the results of the proposed methods reveals high accuracy and good precision. The proposed methods could be successfully extended to the commercial pharmaceutical formulations containing danazol.

Development and Validation of UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural Content in Canned Malt Drinks and Fruit Juices in Ghana

A simple, rapid, accurate, and less expensive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) levels in canned malt drinks and fruit juice drinks sampled in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. The quantitation is based on the selective maximum absorption of ultraviolet radiation by 5-HMF at the wavelength (λmax) of 284 nm using acetonitrile : water (50 : 50 v/v) as the solvent system. The method was established to be specific, precise, and accurate over a concentration range of 0.001 mg/ml–0.02 mg/ml. 5-HMF levels in fruit juice samples (A1–A10) were between 0.132 mg/ml and 0.438 mg/ml, and these levels were shown to be comparable (t = 2.200;p=0.0553) to the contents in the canned malt samples (M1–M10) which were between 0.3140 mg/ml and 0.7170 mg/ml. The study failed to show any dependence of 5-HMF levels on the composition of the product as well as the manufacturing process adopted. The length of storage did also not significantly affect the 5-HMF levels in the products.

Development and validation of spectrophotometric method for determination of gabapentin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms based on Schiff base formation with salicylaldehyde

Comparison of development methods based on UV/VIS spectrophotometry and ICP OES for the determination of iodine in pharmaceuticalsAmanda Ramos Della Fonte, Vitor de Araújo Freitas, Rosangela Cristina Barthus

Development of a New Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Chromium with an Optical Probe.

The aim of this work is the development, optimization, and validation of a new spectrophotometric kinetic method for the determination of dissolved chromium species in water samples with the use of the polymethine dye Astra Phloxine FF. The progress of the chemical reaction was simple, effective, and precisely monitored from the start of the reaction using an optical probe. The method is based on the impact of Cr(VI) concentration on the rate of decrease in the Astra Phloxine FF concentration. The experimental data were evaluated using four experimental data analysis methods, namely with the initial rate method, the average rate method, the fixed time method, and the absorption peak volume change method. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the best results were achieved using the method of the average rate constant for evaluating the experimental data. Using this data evaluation method for the determination of Cr(VI), the LoD was found to be 1.87 µg L-1 and RSD ( n = 6; 0.2 mg L-1 Cr) 3.59%. The presented work was used for the determination of chromium in model samples-CRM material and tap and waste water-and with the calibration line method and the standard additions method.

UV Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation for Determination of an Antifungal Agent in Bulk and Capsules

A sensitive zero order UV spectroscopic method (Method A) and a first order derivative method (Method B) has been developed and validated for the determination of Itraconazole in formulations using phosphate buffer (pH 2.0). The drug showed maximum absorbance at 255nm (Method A) and amplitude was measured in the range of 245 nm-270 nm (Method B). Thedrug obeyed linearity in the range of 5–60 μg/mL. The present methods were validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Percent recovery for Itraconazole in the range of 98- 101.66 % indicates accuracy and % RSD < 1.95 indicates precision of the methods. These methods can beconveniently used for the quality control analysis of Itraconazole in capsules without any interference from the excipients.

Development and Validation of Difference Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Estimation of Gemcitabine Hydrochloride Injection

Development and Validation of Difference Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Estimation of Gemcitabine Hydrochloride Injection

Modified Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Method Development for the Estimation of Duloxetine and Methylcobalamin in Bulk, Tablet and Capsule Dosage Forms

Modified Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Method Development for the Estimation of Duloxetine and Methylcobalamin in Bulk, Tablet and Capsule Dosage Forms

Development and Validation of UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Darifenacin Hydrobromide in Bulk and Formulation

Development and Validation of UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Darifenacin Hydrobromide in Bulk and Formulation

Development and validation of spectrophotometric method for the determination of meldonium dihydrate in dosage forms

Aim . Spectrophotometry is one of the most widely used methods in the pharmaceutical analysis. The main advantages of this absorption method are the highly sensitive, cost-effective and available to quality control laboratories for dosage forms. However, there is a need to find new analytical reagents. Therefore, the aim of the present work was investigation and development of spectrophotometric method based on reaction with p-chloranil for the determination of meldonium dihydrate in dosage forms. Methods. In the study were used working standard of meldonium dihydrate, p-chloranil, DMF, the sample of finished dosage forms. Absorption of the reaction products was measured using spectrophotometer Specord 200. Results. The optimum conditions of the spectrophotometric analysis has been established during the process of development this procedure. The influence of various parameters such as nature of the solvent, concentration of reagent, temperature, time of heating were investigated. It was experimentally established that meldonium dihydrate reacts with p-chloranil in DMF medium to form the coloured reaction product with absorption maximum at 556 nm. The proposed method was subjected to validation tests. The method was validated for the parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and range of application. Beer’s law was performed at the concentration range of 8.00-20.00 mg/100 ml with correlation coefficient 0.9995. The linearity ranges were calculated with the help of regression analysis by means of least squares. The proposed procedure meets the requirements of State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Conclusions. The spectrophotometric method for the determination of meldonium dihydrate was developed and validated. This procedure is successfully applied for dosage forms analysis. Results of the study showed that the procedure is accurate, simple and relevant for application at the quality control laboratories for dosage forms

Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Estimation of Furosemide and Spironolactone by Vierordt’s Method in Bulk and Combined Tablet Dosage Form

AbstractAnew simple, convenient and suitable spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of Furosemide and Spironolactone in combined dosage form has been developed and validated. Simultaneous equation method (Vierordt’s method) was used for determination of Furosemide and Spironolactone in combined dosage form. For spectrophotometric method development double distilled water and ethanol were used as a solvent in the ratio of (20:80). The proposed method was quantitatively evaluated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, lower limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), recovery and robustness. All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance limit. λmax of Furosemide and Spironolactone was found to be 275 and 237 nm respectively. Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration ranges of 2-10 μg mL−1for both Furosemide and Spironolactone respectively. The % assay for commercial formulation was found to be 99.60%±0.0500 for Furosemide and 100.26%±1.17 for Spironolactone by the proposed methods. The overall recovery was observed to be 100.38±0.09% for Furosemide and 100.49±0.4197% for Spironolactone by simultaneous equation method (Vierordt’s method). LOD and LOQ were 0.76 and 2.32 μg mL−1for Furosemide, 1.99 and 6.04 μg mL−1for Spironolactone. A new simple, convenient, precise, rapid, accurate and economical and reliable spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the analysis of Furosemide and Spironolactone in bulk drug and their formulations.

Spectrophotometric determination of xylometazoline in nasal drops

Objective. Spectrophotometry is one of the most widely used methods in the pharmaceutical analysis, both for the identification and for the assay of drugs. The main advantages of the method are the relative simplicity of the experiment, high sensitivity, specificity and efficiency. Therefore, the objective of the present work was development of spectrophotometric method for the assay of xylometazoline.Materials and methods. Xylometazoline working standard, alizarin red, ethanol and the sample of finished dosage form were used. Absorption of the reaction products was measured using spectrophotometr Specord 200.Results. The optimal conditions for the quantitative determination of xylometazoline in the content of pharmaceutical drugs were established. It was experimentally established that xylometazoline reacts with alizarin red to formation the colored reaction product with absorption maximum at 526 nm. The proposed method was subjected to validation tests according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The method was validated for the parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and scope of application. Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration range of 2,40-4,00 mg/100 ml with correlation coefficient 0,9978. Parameters of linear dependence were calculated with the help of regression analysis by means of least squares. The border of determination at optimum conditions was 1,89 μg/ml, that showed the high sensitivity of the reaction. Coefficients of stoichiometric relationship were also determined by means of molar ratios and continuous changes. The proposed method meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, which are advanced to the methods for the assay of pharmaceutical formulations.Conclusion. A highly sensitive, economical, reproducible spectrophotometric method for the assay of xylometazoline has been developed and validated. This procedure is successfully applied for dosage form analysis. Investigation results show that the procedure is highly sensitive, precise, simple in performance and relevant to be applied at the quality control laboratories for dosage forms.

Ion Chromatography with Post-column Reaction and Serial Conductivity and Spectrophotometric Detection Method Development for Quantification of Transition Metal Dissolution in Lithium Ion Battery Electrolytes

We present a method for the separation and determination of transition metals in electrolytes based on ion chromatography (IC) with post-column reaction (PCR) and serial conductivity and spectrophotometric detection. Three IC columns [Metrosep C4—250/4.0 (column A), Metrosep C6—250/4.0 (column B), and Nucleosil 100-5SA—250/4.6 (column C)] with different capacities, and stationary phases were used and compared with each other for method development. All spectrophotometric measurements were carried out with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) as PCR reagent at a wavelength of 500 nm. To characterize the precision of the separation, the selectivity for the analysis of transition metals (nickel, cobalt, copper, and manganese) in the presence of large amounts of lithium and the resolution of the peaks were determined and compared with one another. Furthermore, the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined for the transition metals. The LODs and LOQs determined by column C were as follows: cobalt (LOD/LOQ): 9.4 µg L−1/31.3 µg L−1, manganese (LOD/LOQ): 7.0 µg L−1/23.5 µg L−1, and nickel (LOD/LOQ): 6.3 µg L−1/21.1 µg L−1. Finally, the concentration of transition metal dissolution of the cathode material Li1Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM) was investigated for different charge cut-off voltages by the developed IC method.

Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Edoxaban Tosylate Monohydrate in its Synthetic Mixture

Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Edoxaban Tosylate Monohydrate in its Synthetic Mixture

Development of an Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Cr (VI) using 2, 4-dimethyl -3H- 1, 5 benzodiazepine

Development of an Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Cr (VI) using 2, 4-dimethyl -3H- 1, 5 benzodiazepine

Development of Spectrophotometric Quantification Method of Iron-Polyphenol Complex in Iron-Fortified Black Tea at Relevant pH Levels

The formation of iron complexes with phenolic compounds in foods causes discoloration and reduces iron bioavailability. Black tea is a beverage of particular interest because of its high polyphenol content and widespread consumption. A simple spectrophotometric method for the quantification of iron-polyphenol complexes was developed and used to compare complex formation of iron with black tea polyphenols and gallic acid, a monomeric polyphenol. The amount of iron-polyphenol complex formation was quantified with a variety of iron sources (ferrous sulphate, ferrous fumarate, and ferric sodium EDTA) at pH levels relevant to brewed tea and iron absorption into the body. The results confirm the potential usefulness of ferric sodium EDTA in the fortification of high polyphenol content foods, particularly in black tea. This method has the potential to assist in the development of an optimal formulation of iron-fortified black tea and may also be easily adapted for use with other polyphenol containing foods.

Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Gatifloxacin and Prednisolone Acetate in Bulk and Eye Drop

Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Gatifloxacin and Prednisolone Acetate in Bulk and Eye Drop

Method Development and Validation of UV Spectro Photometric Method for Determination of Diazepam in its Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Method Development and Validation of UV Spectro Photometric Method for Determination of Diazepam in its Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Development of Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Method for 1-Napthylthiourea Using Sodium Nitrite and Sulphanilic Acid Diazotization Reaction

A simple spectrophotometric method in conjunction with flow injection analysis is developed for the quantitative analysis of 1-napthylthiourea (ANTU). The reaction is based on the alkaline hydrolysis of ANTU to 1-naphthylamine at 30°C, coupled with diazotized sulphanilic acid resulting in 4-(sulphophenylazo)-1-naphthylamine which is monitored at 495 nm. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) is 0.01 mg/L with a sampling throughput of 45/h. The method is linear over the range of 0.05–120 mg/L (R2=0.9995,n=7), with calibration equation y = 0.031x−0.018 (y = absorbance; x = mg/L) and relative standard deviation (n=3) 1.8–3.6%. Experimental variables are optimised, and the interfering effects of different pesticides, organic compounds, cations, and anions at environmentally relevant concentrations are investigated. The analysis of ANTU in spiked water samples is extracted with solid phase procedure using disposable Sep-Pak C18 cartridges, and the recovery was 93 ± 1.9–110 ± 3.0%. The results of the proposed method are compared with the HPLC method by applying the F-test and paired Student t-test at 95% confidence level.

Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Metoprolol Succinate

Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Metoprolol Succinate

UV Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation for Determination of Cetilistat in API and in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

UV Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation for Determination of Cetilistat in API and in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form