Development Of Soybean Plants Research Articles

PECULIARITIES OF FORMING SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY OF OMEGA VINNYTSIA TYPE DEPENDING IN THE TERMS OF SOWING, SEED SOWING STANDARDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE OF THE RIGHT-BANK

The article presents the data of the field research on the influence of sowing terms with the temperature regime of soil and sowing rates of soybean seeds of Omega Vinnytsia type in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of the Right Bank. It has been determined that sowing terms with the temperature regime of soil at a depth of 10 cm from 6,8,10 and 12 ° C have different effects on growth processes and formation of generative organs on the plant. Optimal sowing periods were the most favourable for intensive growth and development of soybean plants were temperature conditions within 8 and 10 ° C. Sowing at a soil temperature of 10 cm at a depth of 6 ° C reduced the stem height at all seed rates. The height of the lower bean attachment was reduced, as well as the number of beans on the plant and seeds in the bean, while the safety of plants during harvesting was also reduced. Intensive initial growth of soybean crops at sowing at 12° C resulted in increased attachment of lower beans to the stem, but the number of beans per plant and the number of seeds in a bean decreased significantly. The research of the efficiency of sowing soybean types Omega Vinnytsia 600, 700, 800 and 900 thousand germinated seeds per 1 hectare shows at a rate of 600 thousand pieces, stem height, because of their branching, was lower than at the sowing of 700 and 800 thousand n / ha. Also, the height of the lower beans, the number of beans per plant and the number of seeds in the bean were reduced. The highest biometric indicators and the number of generative organs on the plant were observed during sowing with the sowing rate of 700 and 800 thousand n/ha. The increase of soybean seed rate up to 900 thousand n / ha deteriorated biometric indicators of plants and the formation of generative organs. The survival of plants increased at sowing in 6 ° C of soil temperature and with an increase in sowing rate above 600 thousand n / ha. The weight of one thousand seeds changes to a lesser extent depending on the timing of sowing and seed rate and its high indicators were noted at sowing in 8 and 10 ° C and seed rate 700 and 800 thousand n / ha. Increase of soybean seed rate up to 900 thousand n.p. / ha reduces the weight of 1000 seeds against other seed rates for 8-10 years. Years of research were favorable for growing soybeans and obtaining high levels of seed yields. The highest yield of soybean seeds of Omega Vinnytsia variety was obtained at the sowing rate of 10 ° C and it was at the rate of 600 thousand soybean seeds / ha - 36.0 centners / ha; 700 thousand soybean seeds - 44.7 centners / ha; 800 thousand soybean seeds / ha - 40.0 centners / ha and 900 thousand soybean seeds / ha - 38.2 centners / ha. The approximate yield of seeds was obtained at sowing at 8 ° C according to all norms of sowing of seeds in the same regularity as at sowing at 10 ° C. Increase of sowing rate up to 900 thousand n/ha leads to increase of seed yield but also to overspending of seeds and considerable decrease of individual productivity of plants. At the same time, sowing at soil temperature of 6 ° C was more effective than sowing at 12 ° C. and yield was at a rate of 600 thousand seeds. At the same time, sowing at soil temperature of 6 ° C was more efficient than sowing at 12 ° C, and the yield was at the rate of 600 thousand seeds - 27.4 centners / ha, 700 thousand seeds / ha - 33.8 centners / ha; 800 thousand seeds / ha - 29.7 centners / ha and 900 thousand seeds / ha - 30.6 centners / ha. And when sowing at 12 ° C, respectively, 26.4, 31.5, 29.1, 29.2 centners / ha. Key words: sowing dates, sowing rates, plant height, lower bean attachment height, number of beans per plant, number of seeds, seed weight, yield.

Desempenho de semeadora-adubadora pneumática e mecânica em diferentes velocidades na soja

A semeadura é uma operação que interfere no desenvolvimento das plantas de soja e consequentemente produtividade da cultura, que tanto mecanismos de distribuição de sementes quanto velocidade de semeadura podem prejudicar o sucesso da cultura. Neste contexto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a interferência da distribuição mecânica e pneumática de sementes em diferentes velocidades tanto no desenvolvimento quanto na produtividade da soja em Latossolo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido utilizando delineamento em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 2 x 3, sendo dois sistemas de distribuição de sementes e três velocidades de semeadura, com quatro repetições, totalizando 24 unidades experimentais. No primeiro fator se utilizou os sistemas dosadores de distribuição de sementes (semeadora mecânica e pneumática, com vácuo negativo). No segundo, foram diferentes velocidades de operação (4, 8 e 12 km h-1). Durante o ciclo da cultura foram avaliados distribuição longitudinal das plantas, altura e diâmetro de coleto e após a colheita, massa de mil grãos e produtividade. Foi obtido maior número de plantas, maior massa de mil grãos e maior altura de plantas no mecanismo pneumático de distribuição de sementes de soja na região Centro-Oeste, Prudentópolis-PR. As velocidades de 4 e 8 km h-1 apresentam-se mais adequadas para a semeadura de soja tanto para semeadora mecânica quanto pneumática. O mecanismo de semeadura, mecânica ou pneumática, não afeta a produtividade de grãos de soja, quando as condições edafoclimáticas são adequadas para o desenvolvimento da cultura. Ao considerar as condições da região de Prudentópolis-PR, com chuvas bem distribuídas ao logo do período de condução da cultura da soja, indica-se ambos sistemas de distribuição de sementes, sendo adequado utilizar velocidade de semeadura entre 4 e 8 km h-1.

Trichoderma and Bradyrhizobium japonicum bioformulates on soy initial growth

Bioproducts can act on plant development in a positive, negative or neutral manner, as well as whether there is interaction of these products when used with other biological bioproducts, often used in soybeans such as Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The objective of this work was to evaluate the action of two trichoderma-based and two Bradyrhizobium japonicum-based bioformulates, combined or not, on variables in the early development of soybean plants, free of phytopathogens. The soybean cultivar Nidera 5909 was used and the treatments consisted of four commercial bioformulates, based on Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma sp. and two based on Bradyrhizobium japonicum, being tested in association and /or isolated for soybean seed inoculation. For the seedling emergence variable, there was no difference between the treatments tested. By analyzing the leaf variables such as leaf area, shoot length, fresh and dry shoot, the use of liquid B. japonicum results in higher averages compared to the other bioformulates. When evaluating root length, root surface area, root volume and root dry matter the use of bioformulated with Trichoderma sp. as active ingredient presented the highest averages. It was concluded that the use of Trichoderma sp. and Bradyrhizobium japonicum liquid in their isolated form, provide better initial development for soybean crop.

INTERACTION BETWEEN RESISTANCE INDUCER AND MICRONUTRIENTS ON THE CONTROL OF ROOT-LESION NEMATODE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOYBEAN PLANTS

ABSTRACT Root lesion nematodes limit the productivity of several crops of economic importance, requiring alternatives for their management. Resistance inducers activate enzymes involved in defense mechanisms and micronutrients can influence this process by acting as enzymatic cofactors. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of a commercial organomineral fertilizer and its association or not with zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) micronutrients on the Pratylenchus brachyurus suppression and soybean plant development under greenhouse conditions. Shoots of soybean were treated 10 days after germination and inoculated with 5000 nematodes/plant five days after the treatments, using untreated plants as controls. Treatments consisted of a commercial product based on phosphorylated mannanoligosaccharide derived from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (here coded as MOS), Zn, Mn, MOS+Zn, MOS+Mn or MOS+Zn+Mn. At sixty days after establishment of treatments, the plants were collected and evaluated for vegetative analysis, nematological analysis and nutrient contents. The work was repeated at different times: experiment 1 from November 2016 to January 2017 and experiment 2 from October to November 2017. All treatments were efficient in controlling P. brachyurus in at least one of the evaluated nematological parameters, compared to the control. However, only the plant spraying with MOS+Zn results in significative reduction of the total number of nematodes and the number of P. brachyurus nematodes per gram of soybean root in both experiments. In addition, spraying of plants with Mn increased shoot dry weight and all treatments resulted in higher concentrations of copper, Zn and Mn in soybeans leaves compared to control.

Uso de bioestimulante na cultura da soja sobre tráfego controlado

A cultura da soja ganha cada vez mais importância na agricultura brasileira e mundial. E devido ao seu uso diverso e ao aumento da demanda global, tem tido aumento da área de cultivo anualmente. Acompanhada deste aumento do cultivo o uso de máquinas mais eficientes e pesadas acarretam na compactação do solo, afetando o desenvolvimento das raízes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento das plantas de soja em áreas com 4 níveis de tráfego controlado (1, 6, 11 e 16 passadas) com e sem aplicação de regulador de crescimento vegetal, Stimulate®, com os seguintes parâmetros: Número de folhas, ramos e vagens, altura de plantas e resistência do solo à penetração. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental com solo classificado como Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico, textura arenosa localizada na Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM – Campus de Umuarama-PR. Nos maiores níveis de tráfego, o regulador de crescimento não foi capaz de superar o dano do tráfego excessivo e com o aumento do nível de tráfego há também aumento da resistência do solo à penetração em profundidade.

Desenvolvimento de plantas de soja sob o uso de adubação mineral e biofertilizante obtido da manipueira

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar o efeito da aplicação de adubação mineral e doses crescentes de biofertilizante obtido da digestão anaeróbia da manipueira no desenvolvimento de plantas de soja. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) - Setor Palotina, no período de outubro de 2015 a março de 2016. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com seis tratamentos compostos das seguintes doses e aplicados em cinco repetições: adubação mineral 02-20-20 (NPK) e 0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de K2O. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: altura, Índice de Clorofila Falker (ICF), diâmetro de caule, número de ramificações, massa seca da parte aérea e radicular, número e massa dos grãos e teor de óleo. A adubação mineral sobressaiu em relação à adubação orgânica para os parâmetros de ICF e diâmetro de caule e, ao final do ciclo, detectou-se diferença apenas no número de grãos, com maior valor na dose de 160 kg ha-1 de K2O. O teor de óleo nos grãos de soja foi inferior na adubação mineral e menores doses de K2O, sugerindo que maiores doses proporcionaram um efeito positivo. O biofertilizante da digestão anaeróbia da manipueira pode ser um aliado à adubação mineral, visando a redução de custos, bem como o aproveitamento e destinação correta deste resíduo.

Mutation of YL Results in a Yellow Leaf with Chloroplast RNA Editing Defect in Soybean.

RNA editing plays a key role in organelle gene expression. Little is known about how RNA editing factors influence soybean plant development. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a soybean yl (yellow leaf) mutant. The yl plants showed decreased chlorophyll accumulation, lower PS II activity, an impaired net photosynthesis rate, and an altered chloroplast ultrastructure. Fine mapping of YL uncovered a point mutation in Glyma.20G187000, which encodes a chloroplast-localized protein homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) ORRM1. YL is mainly expressed in trifoliate leaves, and its deficiency affects the editing of multiple chloroplast RNA sites, leading to inferior photosynthesis in soybean. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of the soybean YL protein in chloroplast RNA editing and photosynthesis.

Analysing the phenotype development of soybean plants using low-cost 3D reconstruction

With the development of digital agriculture, 3D reconstruction technology has been widely used to analyse crop phenotypes. To date, most research on 3D reconstruction of field crops has been limited to analysis of population characteristics. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method based on low-cost 3D reconstruction technology to analyse the phenotype development during the whole growth period. Based on the phenotypic parameters extracted from the 3D reconstruction model, we identified the “phenotypic fingerprint” of the relevant phenotypes throughout the whole growth period of soybean plants and completed analysis of the plant growth patterns using a logistic growth model. The phenotypic fingerprint showed that, before the R3 period, the growth of the five varieties was similar. After the R5 period, the differences among the five cultivars gradually increased. This result indicates that the phenotypic fingerprint can accurately reveal the patterns of phenotypic changes. The logistic growth model of soybean plants revealed the time points of maximum growth rate of the five soybean varieties, and this information can provide a basis for developing guidelines for water and fertiliser application to crops. These findings will provide effective guidance for breeding and field management of soybean and other crops.

Overexpression of the chitinase gene CmCH1 from Coniothyrium minitans renders enhanced resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean.

Pathogenic fungi represent one of the major biotic stresses for soybean production across the world. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of Sclerotinia stem rot, is a devastating fungal pathogen that is responsible for significant yield losses in soybean. In this study, the chitinase gene CmCH1, from the mycoparasitic fungus Coniothyrium minitans, which infects a range of ascomycetous sclerotia, including S. sclerotiorum and S. minor, was introduced into soybean. Transgenic plants expressing CmCH1 showed higher resistance to S. sclerotiorum infection, with significantly reduced lesion sizes in both detached stem and leaf assays, compared to the non-transformed control. Increased hydrogen peroxide content and activities of defense-responsive enzymes, such as peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and polyphenoloxidase were also observed at the infection sites in the transgenic plants inoculated with S. sclerotiorum. Consistent with the role of chitinases in inducing downstream defense responses by the release of elicitors, several defense-related genes, such as GmNPR2, GmSGT-1, GmRAR1, GmPR1, GmPR3, GmPR12, GmPAL, GmAOS, GmPPO, were also significantly upregulated in the CmCH1-expressing soybean after inoculation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that overexpression of CmCH1 led to increased accumulation of H2O2 and up-regulation of defense-related genes and enzymes, and thus enhanced resistance to S. sclerotiorum infection while showing no detrimental effects on growth and development of soybean plants.

Seeding furrow opening mechanisms and the soybean planting in lowland areas

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of seeder furrow opening mechanisms on soil physical characteristics, plant growth, and soybean yield in lowland areas with the presence of compacted layer near the surface. An experiment was conducted in the lowland experimental area of the Federal University of Santa Maria-RS, Brazil, during the 2015/16 and 2016/17 growing season. The experimental design was a randomized block with five replications and four treatments: Planter using shank (S) at 0.23 m depth; S at 0.13 m; Planter using double disk at 0.07 m depth and Raised-bed + S at 0.12 m depth. The use of S at 0.23 m depth allowed reduction of penetration resistance and increase of soil macroporosity in the layers 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m depth in the seeding row. Sowing with S at 0.23 m depth and Raised-bed + S at 0.12 m depth allowed a better development of soybean plants in compacted irrigated rice area (higher nodulation, leaf area index and root growth), as well as higher grain yield.

Growth and vegetative development of soybean plants in soil type Concrectionary Petric Plinthosol

The central-north of Brazil is a region with strong presence of concrectionary soil, whose supposed disadvantages from the agronomic point of view, do not prevent their use in agriculture. However, more in-depth information about the behavior of crops of agricultural interest cultivated in this type of soil is few. Due to the observation of agricultural stands in this type of soil, it was hypothesized that plinthite ironstones concretions negatively interfere in the development of crops of agro-economic interest. The objective was to verify the growth and development of soybean cultivated in soil with the presence and absence of plinthite ironstones. Concretionary Petric Plinthosol were collected in the 0-0,20 m layer and part of the soil was sieved so that concretions larger than 3.10 mm in diameter were removed, thus leaving two treatments, soil with and without plinthite ironstones. Morphological evaluations were performed during their phenological phase. Soybean grown in soil without ironstones showed higher growth at 32 and 48 DAE and more leaflets when compared to soy crop grown in soil with ironstones. As for dry matter, soybean grown in soil without ironstones showed more values for aerial, root and total mass as well for aerial root rate when compared to soybean grown in soil with ironstones. Plinthite ironstones interfere with the growth and/or vegetative development of soybeans. Soybean has less vegetative development when grown in soil with plinthite ironstone concretions.

Nodulação em plantas de soja (Glycine max L. Merril) submetidas a diferentes adubações

Devido a sua capacidade de fixação biológica de nitrogênio, a cultura da soja tem apresentando maiores produtividades com a inoculação de bactérias do gênero Rhizobium. Entretanto, a inoculação pode ser influenciada por diversos fatores, inclusive pelo tipo de adubação realizada. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes adubações na nodulação e no desenvolvimento de plantas de soja. Para isso, testaram-se as adubações orgânicas, com base em esterco bovino e cama de frango, a adubação química e um tratamento testemunha, sendo eles com ou sem inoculação de Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Foram avaliadas as variáveis de altura de planta, número de folhas, massa da matéria seca de planta, número de nódulos e massa da matéria seca dos nódulos. Os tratamentos com adubação de esterco bovino apresentaram os melhores resultados em todas as variáveis analisadas, com ou sem a inoculação de sementes. O esterco bovino se apresenta como uma excelente escolha para a adubação de soja, uma vez que possibilita um maior desenvolvimento de parte aérea, sistema radicular e número de nódulos, evidenciando que poderá contribuir para um maior rendimento no final do ciclo da cultura.

PPUPIK PRODUKSI BENIH KEDELAI BERSERTIFIKAT DI POLITEKNIK PERTANIAN NEGERI KUPANG

Soybean is an important commodity as a source of protein, raw material for various food industries and animal feed ingredients. Some of the factors that have led to an increase in domestic soybean demand are increased public awareness of nutrition and protein, increasingly high prices for animal-based side dishes, widespread use and export of soy sauce, and the shifting of the soybean processing industry from home industries to medium to large industries. This is also supported by one of the government programs since 2017-2021, namely the development of soybean plants nationally. The development of these commodities certainly requires the right quality seed, quantity, place, time, and price. With the rolling of the business program to increase production of each commodity, the potential need for quality seeds is quite large. The need for developing soybean seeds in ENT is quite high. Kupang State Politics as a vocational education institution in agriculture needs to develop a business unit for raising soybean seeds. This PPUPIK activity was carried out in 2018-2020 and after PPUPIK in 2021 it has the aim of making the State Agricultural Polytechnic of Kupang a center for certified soybean seed production that is commercial and available continuously. Keywords: seeds, soybean, certified, PPUPIK, ENT

EFFECT OF GOAT’S-RUE RHIZOBIA ON THE FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE SOYBEAN – BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM 634B SYMBIOSIS

Objective. Study the peculiarities of nodule formation upon the formation of the symbiotic sys-tem soybean-Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b, as well as the symbiotic nitrogen-fixation ability and plant growth and development under the influence of goat’s-rue rhizobia. Methods. Microbiologi-cal, physiological, statistical, gas chromatography. Results. In green house experiments, using sand as a substrate for growing plants, the mixed microbial cultures combining soybean nodule bacteria B. japonicum 634b and goat’s-rue nodule bacteria R. galegae 0702 or R. galegae 0703 in the ratio of 1 : 1 differed from the monoculture bradyrhizobium by their influence on the nodulation, nitro-gen-fixation ability of soybean-rhizobial symbiosis and development of soybean plants (variety Almaz). Increased nodulation activity in the primordial leaf and budding phases, as well as a signif-icant decrease in the level of symbiosis nitrogen fixation during budding, were observed when used in binary bacterial compositions of strain R. galegae 0703. These rhizobia of goat’s-rue suppressed the development of the root system of soybeans, but had no significant effect on the formation of the aerial part of the plants throughout the observation period. R. galegae 0702 strain slightly slowed the formation of nodules by bacteria in the primordial leaf phase, which caused a decrease in the number of soybean plants that formed symbiosis with B. japonicum 634b. Goat’s-rue nodule bacte-ria R. galegae 0702 improved the formation of the root system, and stimulated the growth and de-velopment of the aerial part of the macro symbiont in the phase of two trigeminal leaves. Conclu-sion. Combined inoculation of the rhizobia of goat’s-rue with nodule bacteria B. japonicum 634b showed a multidirectional effect on the formation of symbiosis by soybean plants of variety Almaz and functioning of soybean rhizobial symbiosis. The nature of the influence of R. galegae depended on their strain affiliation.

Sewage Sludge as Fertilizer in Soybean Cultivation

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the application of treated sewage sludge on the initial development of soybean plants (Glycine max L.). Seven treatments were used: (T1) only the soil (absolute control); (T2) soil + residue at the dose of 5.0 g/dm3; (T3) soil + residue at a dose of 10.0 g/dm3; (T4) soil + residue at the dose of 15.0 g/dm3; (T5) soil + residue at the dose of 20.0 g/dm3; (T6) soil + residue at the dose of 25.0 g/dm3; and (T7) culture with PK. The variables of emergence, first count and emergence speed of seedlings, green mass, shoot length, root length, dry shoot mass and dry root mass of the plants were analyzed. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replicates of 25 plants for each treatment. The use of the organic residue positively influenced the characteristics observed in relation to the control and the PK, and in the appropriate dose, it can be recommended as an input and soil conditioner. Sewage sludge presents high potential as a fertilizer for soybean cultivation.

Pengaruh Pemberian Inokulan Rhizobium sp dan Kompos Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max)

This study aims to determine the effect of Rhizobium sp inoculants and water hyacinth compost (Eichhornia crassipes) on the growth and development of soybean plants (Glycine max). The study used a factorial randomized block design. Each treatment was repeated three times. Treatment level 1 consists of; A0 (control), A1 (concentration 0.5gr) A2 (concentration 1gr), and A3 (concentration 2gr). The second level treatment consisted of K1 (3 gr/plant), K2 (5 gr/plant), K3 (7 gr/plant). The parameters observed were plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), stem diameter (cm), number of fruits per plant (fruit). The results showed that the administration of Rhizobium sp inoculant and water hyacinth compost on soybean plants showed significant effect on all parameters observed, namely plant height, number of leaves (strands), stem diameter (cm) and number of pods per plant. Keywords: inoculant, rhizobium, compost, water hyacinth, soybean.

Aplikasi Sari Daun Kelor Sebagai Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Organik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Kadar Klorofil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Soybean as a protein sources can fill the needs of public’s food increasily but the production in this country is still low. Therefore, cultivation efforts are needed to improve the growth and development of soybean plants. Some factors that are sufficient to influence the plant growth process are nutrient supply, water availability, sunlight, air temperature, oxygen and growth regulators. Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) that can be used is moringa leaves as a source of cytokinins. Cytokinin serves stimulating cell division, postpone the process of aging plants, and spur growth budding. This study aims to determine the effect of giving plant growth organic made by moringa leaves with 2 control, which are negative control (0%) and positive control (cytokinin synthetic solution) and 3 treatment at concentration of P1 (10%), P2 (20%), P3 (30%) to increase the growth soy plants and to know the concentration optimally of any treatment given. This research using the completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatment and 5 replicate. The results were analyzed using the ANOVA test followed by the LSD/BNT test and the Duncan test. The results showed that the application of organic PGR made from Moringa leaves had a significant effect (P <0.05) on growth (plant height and number of leaves) and chlorophyll content in soybean plants had optimal concentrations at 30% concentration.
 
 
 Keywords: moringa leaves, cytokinin, soybean plants, plant growth regulator.

Efficiency of using biological products in the production of organic soy seeds

The results of studies of the effectiveness of biological products under the organic seed material production of soybean varieties of domestic and foreign breeding (Suzirya and Kent) are presented. The biological products from leading manufacturers of Ukraine have been used. During 2016–2018 in Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine at the Skvyra organic demonstration site of the Skvyra Experimental Station of Organic Production of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management NAAS investigated the effects of biological products on the quality and quantity of soybean organic seeds: weight, similarity, germination energy, phytosanitary condition of crops and yield of 1000 seeds. The soil of the experimental field is small humus chornozem (black soil). The research techniques are generally accepted. It was established that the processing of experimental plots with various complexes of biological products provided an improvement in the quality indicators of seeds of both varieties: the mass of 1000 seeds has increased by 2.4–4.5%; the similarity and seed germination have increased by 3.4–9.8% and 3.8–5.0%. The use of biological preparations has contributed to a significant decrease in the weed infestation of soybean compared with the increased competitiveness of cultivated plants relative to segetal ones. It has been proved that complexes of biological preparations stimulated the growth and development of soybean plants and contributed to the accumulation of plant nutrients in the soil. It was noted that favorable weather conditions increased the effect of biological agents and increased their effectiveness in forming high-quality organic soybean seeds harvest. It is proved that the cultivation of soybean according to organic technology requires the use of biological products for pre-sowing treatment of soil and seeds, as well as in the process of growth and development of culture.

Effects of Different Nanoscale Microelement-Containing Formulations for Presowing Seed Treatment on Growth of Soybean Seedlings

Effects of nanoscale microelement-containing formulations for presowing seed treatment on germination and growth of soybean were studied. The formulations were prepared based on some well-known commercial products such as Doktor Tarsa Company and Wuxal Company. The results showed that all the tested formulations demonstrated noticeably higher stimulation effects on germination and soybean seedlings growth, among which the nanosized Co- and MoO3-containing formulations exhibited the highest growth indices compared with the control (overpassed by about 10%), asserting the role of Co and Mo together with biostimulants as an effective nutrient mixture for growth and development of soybean plants. Enzymatic analysis of the nanotreated soybean shoots also demonstrated a similar feature; the studied formulations exhibited higher amylase and lipase activities compared with those of the control.

Physiological potential and initial development of soybean plants as a function of seed treatment

ABSTRACT Seed treatment is a process that helps to control insects and soil-borne pathogens, besides allowing a given crop to reach its maximum production potential and protect its seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological performance of seeds and the initial development of soybean, as a function of seed treatment. The study was based on a completely randomized design, with five treatments [imidacloprid + thiodicarb (75 + 225 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seeds); chlorantraniliprole (62.5 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seeds); cyantraniliprole (72 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seeds), fipronil + thiophanate-methyl + pyraclostrobin (5 + 45 + 50 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seeds); and control (seeds without treatment)]. Initially, the physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by determining the first germination count, final germination and accelerated aging, with four replications. After that, the effect of the seed treatment on the soybean plant development was evaluated by analyzing the leaf area, number of leaves, shoot height, root and shoot dry mass and fresh mass of root nodules, with ten replications. The seed treatment with fipronil + pyraclostrobin + thiophanate-methyl allows an increased germination when the seeds are subjected to the accelerated aging test, besides an increment in the shoot height and leaf area of the plants.