Development Of New Businesses Research Articles

Vulnerability Detection in Intelligent Environments Authenticated by the OAuth 2.0 Protocol over HTTP/HTTPS

OAuth 2.0 provides an open secure protocol for authorizing users across the web. However, many modalities of this standard allow these protections to be implemented optionally. Thus, its use does not guarantee security by itself and some of the deployment options in the OAuth 2.0 specification can lead to incorrect settings. FIWARE is an open platform for developing Internet applications of the future. It is the result of the international entity Future Internet Public-Private Partnership. [1,2] FIWARE was designed to provide a broad set of API to stimulate the development of new businesses in the context of the European Union. This platform can be understood as a modular structure to reach a broad spectrum of applications such as IoT, big data, smart device management, security, open data, and virtualization, among others. Regarding security, the exchange of messages between its components is done through the OAuth 2.0 protocol. The objective of the present work is to create a system that allows the detection and analysis of vulnerabilities of OAuth 2.0, executed on HTTP/HTTPS in an on-premise development environment focused on the management of IoT devices and to help developers to implement them ensuring security for these environments. Through the system proposed by this paper, it was possible to find vulnerabilities in FIWARE components in HTTP/HTTPS environments. With this evidence, mitigations were proposed based on the mandatory recommendations by the IETF.

A Part of, or Apart from, Me?: Linking Dynamic Founder-Venture Identity Relationships to New Venture Strategy

Based on a three-year inductive field study of first-time founders, we reveal the dynamic identity relationships that tie founders to their ventures: what such relationships comprise, how they evolve over time, and with what strategic implications for the development of new businesses. Specifically, we found that such relationships comprise both identification and construals, which capture the degree to which founders saw their ventures as self-defining and founder-venture psychological distance. Construals, and shifts in construals over time, were critical in explaining how entrepreneurs handled venture-related challenges, as well as how they strategically (re)focused their ventures in terms of scope, whether by diversifying or specializing. By explaining these dynamics, we contribute to research on entrepreneurial identity as well as to construal level theory. In addition, as we distinguish construals from identification, we highlight the importance of construals for understanding identity relationships beyond entrepreneurship. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.15271 .

Role of Artificial Intelligence in case of Micro Enterprises and Tribal Entrepreneurships for Sustainable Economic Development

INTRODUCTION: Tribal entrepreneurship can be understood as infusing the knowledge of commerce and trade into the tribal groups and thereby exploring their products and known for their economic betterment and social advancement. An accumulating body of research has demonstrated that artificial intelligence (AI) is an indistinguishable feature of the fourth industrial revolution. This study integrates the literature on AI and new technologies to examine the constraining and facilitating forces for developing and scaling-up AI-enabling technologies in Africa. This article proposes an integrated conceptual model to elucidate the range of external drivers encompassing global competitive drivers, and market and industry drivers. The internal drivers include the potential to enhance product development speed, improve quality, drive production cost down, and minimise errors and manual processes in organisations. 
 OBJECTIVES: In this study, socio-economic status of tribal population has been taken as a reference in order to see whether there is any impact of economic wellbeing on their livelihood [1]. The study is an endeavour to examine the role of micro enterprises for social and economic empowerment of tribal community in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh and role of AI.
 RESULTS: The main results obtained in this paper are the following SEM identified that there is a lower degree of positive impact of “Tribal entrepreneurship” on “Economic Empowerment” and “women Empowerment” and lower degree of negative impact on “Social Empowerment”. It is also concluded that Economic Empowerment of tribal entrepreneurs through micro-enterprises has reduced the dependency on private money lenders the most. Women Empowerment of tribal entrepreneurs has helped the women to achieve gender equality and the social Empowerment aids in the development of competency and technical skills through micro-enterprises.
 CONCLUSION: The tribal communities in Odisha are regarded as the most disadvantageous group of people in terms of their socio-economic status. The present research makes some pivotal contributions to the current AI literature. First, in spite of the growing recognition that development of new industries and new-business development is increasingly predicated on the adoption of new technologies (Krasniqi and Hajrizi Citation2016), there is a paucity of studies examining contemporary challenges faced by developing nations and their inability to capitalise on such ample and obvious opportunities.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COVID 19: THE ENTREPRENEURIAL CHALLENGE IN A GLOBAL PANDEMIC

The purpose of this study is to analyze the most relevant factors affecting the development of new businesses that have been set up during the Covid-19 pandemic. The main challenges in the entrepreneurial phenomenon are identified in this study, which represent an immediate contribution to the discussion on the development and economic evolution, emphasizing the impact of creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship in sudden health emergencies. For this purpose, descriptive research and literature reviews were done, where the years 2019 -2020 - 2021, were contrasted. The growth and decrease of taxpayers in the mentioned periods were analyzed with the support of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) during the opening, closing, and suspension phases. Therefore, the researchers analyzed the factors that contributed to the decline of small and medium businesses in Ecuador during the health crisis.

CHICORY FOR PROCESSING – A CROP FOR THE FUTURE

The paper presents the results of many studies that highlight the importance of this plant for health and nutrition. According to the research studies, chicory is an alternative to coffee, for the development of new ingredients for food and beverages, food supplements, fodder and feed for animals. An analysis of the evolution of areas and yields in chicory destined to processing in Europe reveals an increasing interest only for a limited number of producers. Although this crop is not grown in Romania, chicory production represents an opportunity for producers in our country, being a plant specific to the temperate climate. It also represents an opportunity for the development of new businesses in its processing. In the future, organic chicory production will respond to the requirements of the Farm to Fork Strategy, but also of consumers, fact confirmed by the increasing organic imports in the EU.

Characterisation of Youth Entrepreneurship in Medellín-Colombia Using Machine Learning

The aim of this paper is to identify profiles of young Colombian entrepreneurs based on data from the “Youth Entrepreneurship” survey developed by the Colombian Youth Secretariat. Our research results show five profiles of entrepreneurs, mainly differentiated by age and entrepreneurial motives, as well as the identification of relevant skills, capacities, and capabilities for entrepreneurship, such as creativity, learning, and leadership. The sample consists of 633 young people aged between 14 and 28 years in Medellín. The data treatment was approached through cluster analysis using the K-means algorithm to obtain information about the underlying nature and structure of the data. These data analysis techniques provide valuable information that can help to better understand the behaviour of Colombian entrepreneurs. They also reveal hidden information in the data. Therefore, one of the advantages of using statistical and artificial intelligence techniques in this type of study is to extract valuable information that might otherwise go unnoticed. The clusters generated show correlations with profiles that can support the design of policies in Colombia to promote an entrepreneurial ecosystem and the creation and development of new businesses through business regulation.

THE EFFECT OF INFLATION ON ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA

Entrepreneurship has become a widespread feature of the business environment throughout the years. It may favor national economies and is often regarded as one of the critical engines of economic growth and employment creation. Understanding the potential reasons for diversity in entrepreneurial development is thus critical for assisting the government and policymakers in adopting acceptable policies to support the creation and development of new businesses. In recent years, Nigeria's volatile economic reality, characterized by financial crises, has impacted entrepreneurship development. Thus, this paper investigated the effect of inflation on entrepreneurial development among youths in Anambra State, Nigeria. A convenience sample of three hundred and twenty-two undergraduates pooled from five tertiary institutions in the southeast participated in the study. The study result indicates that the assumption that the inflation would significantly and positively predict entrepreneurial development in Anambra State was confirmed at ? = .169, p< .05. Thus, the R2 indicated that the increasing inflation in the country contributes about 23.8% variation in entrepreneurial development in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study has implications for the development of entrepreneurship in Nigeria.

国际供电企业新型业务发展情况研究

国际供电企业新型业务发展情况研究

Analysis of Informatization on Economic Development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

The construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is a momentous national development strategy for China. In recent years, the cities in that area have been investigating new paths for connectivity. The “9+2” cities empower each other, and enrich the connotation of the principle of “one country, two systems”. The Greater Bay Area policy also plays an important role in global economic and cross-cultural communication. Informationization will be a key point in promoting and facilitating economic integration throughout the Greater Bay Area. This paper analyzed the impact of informationization on the economic development of the Greater Bay Area by testing two variables which are the number of mobile phone year-end subscribers, and the number of Internet broadband access subscribers. The results showed that the Internet broadband access subscribers significantly contribute to the economic growth, however, the number of cell phone year-end users failed to showed any significant correlation. The result indicates that there is a long-term and stable relationship between the level of Internet development (expressed by the number of Internet broadband access users), and economic development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which means informationization can support the economic growth of the region. This paper also provides some policy recommendations based on these four areas, which are, optimizing and upgrading the construction of information infrastructure, strengthening investment in new-generation information infrastructure, promoting the expansion of bandwidth at international Internet entrances and exits, and proposing the development of new businesses in the digital economy.

Predicting the Intention to Pursue Certified Professional Accountancy Qualification Among the Accounting Students.

The global progress empowers the development of new business and expansion of existing business. The availability of sufficient accounting professional are necessary to manage and document the business activities. However, youth are less inclined to purse accounting as profession to keep the progress of global and local economic development. The current study aimed to explore the formation of the intention to pursue Certified Professional Accountancy Qualification (CPAQ) with factor of capabilities, career opportunities, job security with respect to the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB), i.e., attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. The study adopted a cross-sectional design and collected quantitative data from a total of 339 accounting students from Malaysia using an online survey. The finding revealed that capabilities and career opportunities influenced the students’ intention to pursue CPAQ. Meanwhile, perceived behavioral control had significantly affect the students’ decision to pursue CPAQ, which is in line with the TPB. The study concentrated on the importance of these factors in influencing the students’ intention and decision to pursue CPAQ. The study offered vital implications for accounting educators and educational institutions to promote the accounting profession as choice and students engage in pursuing CPAQ. The Malaysian government should encourage and support accounting students financially for pursuing CPAQ by providing job security and enhancing subjective norms that may enable these students to complete the required professional qualifications. The study’s limitations and future research opportunities are documented at the end of this article.

Analysis and Estimation of Economic Influence of IoT and Telecommunication in Regional Media Based on Evolution and Electronic Markets in Romania

The interconnection of devices, intended to collect and transmit data via the Internet, is called the Internet of Things (IoT). This technology has the potential to revolutionize both the economic and industrial sectors, especially in terms of data confidentiality and information security. New media, with a merger between those two, have increasingly replaced traditional media, but many researchers characterize them as two distinct but interconnected types of media. From the traditional media, with its technological evolution, the IoT has supported the development of the media through the emergence of applications, websites, and social networks designed to spread information worldwide. This research focuses on how the IoT has the ability to influence economic growth by trying to determine the impact of the IoT through theories and the evolution of economic growth. Thus, the concept of the IoT is interdependent on information and communications technology and, from an economic point of view, is correlated with productivity. In addition, the processes that have an impact on the media are those of an economic nature, all of which are interconnected with progress, innovation, and the promotion of goods and services. At the same time, this paper aims to determine the correlation between IoT and the economy, with a focus on the media, which has the main result of the development of new businesses. Thus, a bibliometric analysis of the scientific papers on the Web of Science platform regarding the IoT field was performed, in order to identify the current state of knowledge in this field. The results of this analysis highlighted that both the IoT and the economy are shaped by innovation, opportunities, and development.

Research on the Integration of the new generation of information technology into the curriculum system of business education

With the development of the new generation of information technology, fintech, big data, block chain, cloud computing and other new information technology, as well as the emergence of new retail, new finance, intelligent manufacturing, digital management and other new formats. They pose new challenges to business education. Talent is the first resource. How to cultivate talents with new business technology and professional skills to adapt to the development of new business is an important issue in front of every business education institution, especially in the aspect of curriculum system. This paper discusses the research status, content, significance and thinking of the integration of the new generation of information technology into the curriculum system of business education, aiming to provide theoretical reference for the cultivation of composite applied business talents.

Strategies for creating new businesses, a sociocultural and institutional approach

This paper aims to summarize the main theories from socio-cultural or institutional approach to encourage the creation of new businesses. Given this context, it raised the importance of theoretical study of the factors that influence decision making in the development of new businesses and how it affects the environment in which they operate the same business. The research method used is to review the existing literature by analyzing the major theories involved in the creation of companies emphasizing the socio-cultural approach. The analysis concludes the activity of entrepreneurship to encouraging the creation of companies, being an important factor in economic development.

Development of solar and bioenergy technology in Africa for green development—Addressing barriers and untapped potential

Globally, over quarter of population experiences energy crisis, particularly those living in rural communities of developing countries. Many of such victims are the people within the Africa continent. More than 600 million people lives in Africa without access to electricity. Energy use is a requirement for physical and socio-economic development of every country. Bioenergy and solar energy has currently seen an increase in its development in many countries in Africa. However, their major concern is its technological development and finance as well as impact on the environment. The study evaluates the solar and bioenergy potential utilization and future prospects in Africa. It also discusses some of the principal challenges negatively influencing its development. Conclusions are drawn on the need for effective international cooperation on inputs from financial, resources and technological advance mechanisms for solar and bio energies development in Africa. For example Development of new businesses should be linked with solar PV and bioenergy infrastructure to promote effective rural electrification. This study provides beneficial information, which will serve as a reference to help improve bioenergy and solar power development.

Small business and social stability of society

In any country in the world, the importance of small business development is great in establishing a stable economic and political environment. Small business is recognized as a guarantor of employment, revenues growth and social stability. In the development of small business, the state's particular interest lies in it's socioeconomic role. Solving problems in a small business is the same as sustained economic development. Development of small business has a special role in the regions of Georgia. Today an important issues are resolved for the development of entrepreneurship. "Rules of the game" of small business are relatively acceptable and stable. An administrative barriers ar fewer. Nevertheless there are still a number of problems in a small business development today. Many institutions of market infrastructure are not fully accessible to small entrepreneurs yet. Anty-monopoly activities are not enough. We don't have different approaches in small business policy by region specifics. The main problem of small entrepreneur is finances , expensive bank loans, which significantly interrupts start-up and development of new business.

ENTREPRENEURIAL LEARNING IN THE CONTEXT OF FAILURE AND CREATION OF NEW BUSINESS

This research aims to describe the career and the entrepreneurial learning of micro-enterprises owners that identified new opportunities after the business failure. The methodology consists of a qualitative and exploratory study, with a cross-section approach and longitudinal perspective. Two entrepreneurs participated in the study, selected by convenience and availability, based on established criteria. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The dates were analyzed using content analysis. The study shows that new knowledge emerged from a learning journey in the context of business failure. It is learning about yourself, persistence, and resilience to succeed in new activities; about business and failure, flexibility to change the focus; on networks and relationships, as experience working with partners, employees and establish a network with the business partners; and on business management, to learn to minimize risks, because they understand that you must have a minimum knowledge of the market. During the development of new business, there is a predominance of exploration to transform the experience into entrepreneurial knowledge.

Corporate parenting and corporate entrepreneurship in media company

Purpose; The study aimed to understand how the multi-business company creates value through a combined effort of Corporate Parenting (CP) and Corporate Entrepreneurship (CE). The parenting-fit matrix was used to describe CP, while CE four model was used to describe CE. Research methodology: This study is qualitative applied research using a case study approach conducted on a multi-business media company. Data was obtained primarily through interviews with senior executives representing the holding company and 18 subsidiaries. Questionnaires were also distributed to executives to develop a parenting-fit matrix and CE model. Results: This study shows that the 18 subsidiaries of the multi-business company fall under four different cells. The CE model applied at the parent company level is the enabler. Limitations: The limitation of this study mainly lies in the measurement method's reliability for corporate parenting and corporate entrepreneurship. Contribution: This study shows that, apart from the parent company, the development of new businesses can also be carried out by the subsidiary companies using the CE producer model.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI LOYALITAS KONSUMEN PADA MEREK STARBUCKS DI WILAYAH JAKARTA DAN SEKITARNYA

One of the factors in the movement of the economy in Indonesia is supported by the development of new businesses, one of which is a coffee beverage business. Coffee drinks business in Indonesia is one of the fastest growing business. Developments in the business sector can be seen from the emergence of enhancement of new starbucks coffee shops . The top-leading coffee shop in the Indonesian market today is Starbucks, it is shown by numbers of Starbucks’ branches located almost in the entire region of Indonesia. The factor that makes Starbucks one of the strongest brand is the presence of customers who became loyal to the brand and make Starbucks as their first choice. The other factors that also affect the customer loyalty towards Starbucks are Brand Image, Brand Experience, Customer Satisfaction, Brand Trust, and Brand Love. Therefore, this research aims to examine the determinant factors of building customer loyalty of Starbucks’ customers in Jakarta and surrounding areas. The method of analysis used by researchers in this study was SmartPLS 3.0 with 150 respondents who have enjoyed Starbucks coffee. In this study there were nine hypotheses supported by previous researches. In the results of this study, there were six hypotheses accepted and three hypotheses were rejected. Through this research, researchers hope to provide benefits for the reader especially for those who want to know about the factors that affect the customer loyalty of Starbucks in Jakarta and its surrounding areas.
 Key Words: Brand Image, Brand Experience, Customer Satisfaction, Brand Trust, BrandLove. Customer Loyalty, Starbucks

ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЯ ПОСЛУГ ВАНТАЖНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The process of introduction of digital technologies in the process of cargo transportation were investigated. The process of implementing digital technologies is associated with certain competitive risks: on the one hand, there is a tendency to consolidate the market and the emergence of large multimodal transportation companies, which can lead to the abuse of a dominant position. On the other hand, now the industry can include companies that do not have a transport base, but only have an effective application platform. Regulators need to take into account new trends and develop their own services to obtain timely and reliable information about the state of competition in the market. The introduction of digital technologies leads to the emergence and development of new businesses and changes in competition in existing product markets. The field of freight, which existed before the fourth industrial revolution, also faced the need for strong changes in the digital transformation: changed the companies themselves, internal rules of conduct, ways of interaction between them and with regulators. Measures of economic regulation should take into account new trends in the development of industries and promote (or at least not hinder) further development, especially in key areas of the economy. Such areas include the transport sector, which is strategically important to support to improve the country's investment climate. Digitization, on the one hand, provides additional benefits for large market players, which can create barriers to entry, but on the other hand, it allows players to enter from "neighboring" markets through integrated services. Regulators need to take into account the application of such innovations, adapt legislation to reduce the risk of regulation and apply the experience of foreign countries. The subject of the study is the actual digitization and provision of digitization services in the circle of freight companies, as well as the tools that must be used. The object of research is digitalization services and their relevance today.

Formation of legal definition of employment contract: from L. Tal to Labor Law Project

The Constitution of Ukraine guarantees to everyone the right to labour, including the possibility to earn one's living by labour that he or she freely chooses or to which he or she freely agrees. The State creates conditions for citizens to fully realise their right to labour, guarantees equal opportunities in the choice of profession and of types of labour activity.The main way to realize given right is to enter into an employment contract. The first scientist on the territory of Russian Empire who studied a nature of employment contract and its distinctions from civil contracts was Lev Tal (1866–1933). Beginning from 1922 Employment Contract has also passed a long historical way in the national legislation.Recently Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine opened to the public a Project of new Labour Law. Its norms radically differs from the current legal regulation and offers a new reality for labor relations. Considering an importance of active discussion of new Project we decided to analyze a definition and main features of employment contract given in the Project and to compare it with previous legislative definitions. For this scientific achievements in this area were actively used.The explanatory note to the Project gives us an idea about general aim of new document. The latter is directed to set equal rules for business, to make rights and interests of employers and employees balanced, to stimulate a development of new businesses, to simplify a procedure of starting and ending labour relations, lowering an unemployment level etc. Analysis of definition and main features of employment contract given in the Project shows that balance between legislative and contractual regulation is changing – the share of second is strongly increasing.Concluding the research we state that the revolutionary changes offered by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine can lead to situation when employees will not be able to defend themselves properly. As a result a unpredictable reaction from society can occur. Our suggestion is to continue a discussion of Project text and to use actively the scientific achievements accumulated by leading national and foreign schools of Labor Law.