Development Of Mutual Relations Research Articles

Development of mutual relations between agricultural universities and business structures based on trust as a tool for increasing competitiveness

The results of the domestic and foreign scientists research on the concepts of relationship marketing for the selection of partners, the formation of ong-term partnership relations and the optimization process of making managerial decisions of the enterprise, including taking into account the specifics of higher education services, are summarized. The conditions for using the theory of relationship marketing regarding the interaction of universities and business structures are determined. The theoretical aspects of the partnership relations formation of agricultural universities and business structures based on trust were systematized and practical recommendations regarding the organizational support of their development were substantiated. A system of methods was used: systematization, logical-structural, comparative and causal analysis of scientific literature, general scientific research methods, formalization of criteria, algorithmization, method of comparative analysis. It is substantiated that the marketing of mutual relations not only allows to increase the competitiveness of the university, but also has a positive effect on the effectiveness of other partners activities on the new coordination of all participants interests of the educational and scientific environment. The features of the trust concept, the stages of development and the main forms of interaction in the system of relations between higher education institutions and business are determined. It is proposed to take into account the influence of trust on the investment attractiveness of rural areas and regions, as well as on the development of smart-specialization and digitalization projects, the success of which is determined by the scale and strength of partnerships between agricultural universities and business structures. Organizational approaches to the expansion of partnership in educational, scientific-innovative and social areas of educational organizations activity are highlighted and stimulating factors of mutual relations are determined in order of importance. The components and elements of organizational support for the development of relations between agrarian universities and business structures are proposed and determined in order to increase competitiveness by building trusting relationships between participants. It has been proven that the implementation of these elements will contribute to the transition of mutual relations to a strategic partnership and, as a result, to the creation of positive prerequisites and conditions for increasing the competitiveness of agricultural universities. Factors that prevent and promote the development of interaction between universities and agribusiness are systematized, and the effects that participants receive from the partnership are highlighted. It was established that formal and informal institutions are used to achieve the goals and priorities of activities by the participants of the interaction in the organization of mutual relations. Amendments to strategic development documents, partnership programs, and organization of interaction participants activities are proposed. Key words: agribusiness, business structure, institution of higher agricultural education, competitiveness, concepts of relationship marketing, scientific and innovative services, employers, educational services.

ROMANIA AS A BROTHER-IN-ARMS THROUGH FINNISH EYES IN WORLD WAR II

Very little has been relatively studied about the interaction between Finland and Romania. Most existing studies deal with the interwar period and World War II, but there is still room for complementary interpretations. This study focuses on Finns’ perceptions of Romania, especially from the perspective of brotherhood in arms between the two countries. The theme is worth exploring because during the Second World War, both Finland and Romania considered the development of mutual relations more important than ever before. This study is based on an extensive number of original sources. The analysis shows that there were different attitudes towards Romania as a brother-in-arms, but the attitude was positive in principle. The differences are explained by the type of goals set for the future development of the relationship between Finland and Romania. It is evident that Romania was valued as a brother-in-arms by a wide range of citizens. The Finnish media and the NGOs behind it conveyed a positive image of Romania, and emphasized the common interests of Finland and Romania in the ongoing war. However, the Finnish leadership was cautious about developing bilateral relations, as it considered it necessary to strike a balance between Germany and the Western powers. The brotherhood of arms was therefore not allowed to become too close.

FINTECH НІМЕЧЧИНИ ТА УКРАЇНИ: ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ТА ІНВЕСТИЦІЇ

The purpose of the article is to study the potential for the development of partnership relations between Ukraine and Germany when investing in the financial services market at the expense of FinTech. The study of the role and trends in the development of the Internet in modern conditions made it possible to determine that the Internet is not only an ideal source of information, an excellent way of communication and a platform for the activities of companies selling goods and providing services, there is also an increase in the number of users in all directions (smartphone users, Internet users, social network users). It is substantiated that the financial market is undergoing a significant transformation due to the development of the Internet and FinTech, which contributes to the formation of a new round of the evolution of the financial services market both in Ukraine and in various countries of the world and the development of mutual relations between countries in the provision of financial services. The work explores the potential of the relationship between Ukraine and Germany in the provision of financial services due to the development of FinTech, which contributes to the increase in the number and volume of financial services and the development of digital finance. FinTech development trends and Internet penetration rate in Ukraine and Germany, distribution of Ukrainian and German FinTech companies by field of activity for 2019–2021 were studied. It is substantiated that FinTech startups are effectively developing in Germany, which is due to strong funding from domestic and international investors, active support of the federal government and the country's position as a leading financial center of continental Europe, while in Ukraine a large number of FinTech companies operate without attracting funds from outside investors. Partnership relations between Ukraine and Germany when investing in the financial services market at the expense of FinTech are possible at the expense of investments, which is substantiated by correlation-regression analysis. Thus, the conducted research on forecasting an increase in the level of investments in FinTech within five years by 5% will allow to increase the level of GDP annually by 2%, increasing the total over five years by 16.5% in 2026 compared to 2021. Thus, this indicates the prospects of conducting investment activities by FinTech companies of Ukraine.

Development of social entrepreneurship as a trend of Ukrainian business

The article discusses the topical issue of the development of social entrepreneurship as a trend of Ukrainian business. The article analyzes the scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign researchers and specialists on defining the interpretations of the definition of «social entrepreneurship» and offers the author's interpretation of this concept. It was determined that social entrepreneurship is gaining more and more importance for the balanced development of the world economy, the growth of its influence on the effectiveness of regional management was noted. The conditions related to social entrepreneurship were studied, in which the most important requirement is the innovative nature of the activity, and the reasons for the inefficiency of individual social institutions were determined. Social enterprises are becoming the main leaders of the ideas of the formation of the «middle class», gender and age equality in labor relations. The management model of social enterprises is based on the development of mutual relations, the active exchange of employees between the commercial and social sectors, and the formation of new business practices. On the basis of the conducted research, the main features of social entrepreneurship are highlighted and the main sectors in which social entrepreneurship is most widespread in Ukraine are determined. The following were noted as key recognitions: the primacy of the social mission over commerce, innovation and innovativeness in combining social and economic resources, sustainable economic efficiency and self-sufficiency. The leading trends of social entrepreneurship in American and European countries were studied. It was determined that the development of social entrepreneurship abroad is associated with the transformation of the activity models of traditional volunteer and charitable organizations that have acquired features of social business. The directions and types of activities of social organizations in Ukraine are analyzed. The description of functioning social enterprises in Ukraine is given. A monitoring study of the state of public organizations in the Zaporizhia region was conducted, which showed that the largest number is in the regional center of the city of Zaporizhia. The analysis of public organizations of the Zaporizhia region was carried out by organizational and legal form according to the register and official name.

Trade-economic cooperation of Ukraine and China within COVID-19 Pandemic and in post-pandemic time

Modern trends of trade-economic relations of the countries within the COVID-19 pandemic have been systemized in the development of mutual relations in particular economy sectors have been identified. Direct connection between the increase of export volume to China and Ukraine GDP growth has been established in the study based on the correlation-regression analysis. Weaknesses and strengths as well as opportunities and threats of mutual relations within the pandemic have been defined. The influence of the world crisis, creating a free trade area, and other factors on foreign trade circulation between Ukraine and China have been studied with the tools of empirical gravity model of international trade. Foreign trade circulation up until 2022 with and without creating a Free Trade Area has been forecast based on the modelled data. Perspective directions of trade-economic relations have been defined; the strategy of extending the trade-economic integration of Ukraine and China within the COVID-19 pandemic and in post-pandemic time within customs tariffs liberalization, intensification of symmetric interdependence and complementarity between the countries, within creating a free trade area, diversifying trade turnovers, overcoming the pandemic, reduction of crisis consequences, and strengthening cooperation in new industries of post-pandemic time has been grounded.

Impact of China’s Growing Global Position on the Economy of the Czech Republic

Research background: The People’s Republic of China in the 21st century can be described as an economy with high growth rates and great ambitions. Some statistics even indicate that China will become the world’s new hegemon by 2040. The People’s Republic of China is not only one of the largest exporters but is increasingly speaking to the world economy and international relations. Since the beginning of the 1990s, mutual relations between the People’s Republic of China and the Czech Republic can be described as very good and constantly deepening, which can be evidenced, among other things, by the number of trade agreements. Purpose of the article: Purpose of the article is to evaluate a development of mutual relations between Czech and Chinese economies in order to predict their future development. Emphasis will be placed on the development of mutual trade through the evaluation of absolute and relative indicators and growth rates. Methods: The paper is based on secondary data from the database of the Czech Statistical Office. The key methods used in the article are the analysis of time series of real products of the Czech Republic and China and their foreign trade. The analysis focuses on the trend, deviations and development of absolute and relative indicators. Findings & Value added: The results of the analysis proved that the Chinese economy is growing on average more than twice as fast as the Czech economy. Because of that, the economic/living standards of the population of both countries are converging. The growth rate of the People’s Republic of China, together with its high spending on science and research, means that (if this trend is maintained) China is likely to become the world’s new hegemon in the near future.

RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA AND THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT FROM 1991 TO 2020

This article aims at revealing the multilayered relations between the Republic of Armenia and the Arab Republic of Egypt from 1991 to 2018. This research was done based on the archival materials of the Ministry of Foregin Affairs of the Republic of Armenia; other studies of subject matter experts contributed to our study as well. Most importantly we have conducted field studies in Egypt’s capital Cairo where we had multiple discussions and debates on the topic with Armenian and Arab diplomats and people in charge from Armenian community of Egypt. In the article we try to reveal the details of Armenia – Egypt relations, Egypt’s policy towards Armenia. In this perspective we find out to what extent Armenia succedded in implementing its Middle Eastern strategy and what kind of challenges were faced and obstacles were overcome. In our conclusions we introduce also the chances and potential directions of development of mutual relations in spheres such as international trade, humanitarian dimension and also the potential of cooperation within the framework of Eurasian Econiomic Union which two states must unleash in future.

Cooperation of Russian and Chinese Universities: quo vadis?

The article analyses the historical experience of interaction between Russian and Chinese universities assesses the motivations and prospects of student and academic mobility between countries. The increase in the birth rate in China creates the need for highly professional education for the new generation of young people, the need to look for an opportunity to study abroad, including Russia, where the cost of education is low, while it is of sufficient quality. It contributes to the development of mutual relations between long-time partners — Russia and China. The study shows that the current trends in the complexity of technological and social relations, the confrontation in global competition with the United States and several developed countries contribute to educational cooperation and a scientific partnership of the scientific and educational community of the two countries. With the right, legally grounded, research and educational cooperation between Russia and China, there is no need to be afraid of the brain drain of Russian highly qualified personnel and technologies to the Celestial Empire — the scientific cooperation between the two countries should be seen as an opportunity for their innovative development.

POLISH-UKRAINIAN MILITARY-TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION

Polish-Ukrainian military-technical co-operation was renewed in the nineties at changed political, economical and military conditions. The military equipment is the object of the co-operation and the state institutions and contractors of defence sector are the subjects involved in its organisation. The paper focuses on evaluation of current state of bilateral co-operation, conditions of its development and reasons for the lack of clear effects. Bilateral relations on the state level are intense and their main effect contains declarations of the willingness for developing the co-operation. But on the level of subjects, activity of which decide on results of co-operation (companies of defence sector and scientific-research centres), the real effects are far beyond the expectations. The post-cold war differences of development conditions in two countries, different objectives of foreign and defence policy, and organisation of scientific-industrial background are indicated as the main reasons of the situation. Some rare examples of real effects indicate on a great potential for development of mutual relations and at the same time on many difficulties that has to be overcome in the future.

Heat Transfer Enhancement in Tube using Modified Twisted Tape Inserts

The aim of the present experimental investigations is to increase of turbulent flow heat transfer in a horizontal circular tube using six types of twisted tapes in which a total length relative to the diameter ratio is 24 and Reynolds number values runs from 4500 to 23500. Take twisted tapes amendment: (normal, regularly spaced, triangular-cut, rectangular-cut, semicircular-cut and drilled) twisted tape. In this study, the development of mutual relations between the Nusselt number, friction factor and enhance the efficiency of each type of inclusion twisted stripe have been taken into account. The results showed that the heat transfer process in tube with twisted ribbon provider drilled more efficient than other forms of twisted tape because the strong spiral flow along the tube length leads to more disturbance of the entire flow field.

The Development of Selected Mutual Relations between the Czech Republic and Slovakia

For a period of 75 years after 1918 the territories of the present-day Czech Republic and Slovakia were part of one country, and therefore it was inevitable that very close relations between them would develop and which that could not suddenly be broken. Today, more than 20 years since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, both of the newly formed countries are slowly reaching ‘adulthood’, and both the social situation and the development of mutual relations have been gradually stabilised. This contribution compares and evaluates the development of selected mutual relations between the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It is supported by a brief comparison of some basic features of the development of both countries, which is the information on which this study is based. The key part of the article comprises an analysis of the development of mutual relations and cooperation on a nationwide level. The trade and migration relations (labour and study migration) of both republics, especially after 1993, fall within the scope of the analysis. A separate section is devoted to the common borderland and the development and spatial differentiation of cross-border relations and cooperation.

Kaip kito požiūris į Lenkiją : Lietuvos viešoji nuomonė 1920-1923 metais

The article attempts to evaluate opportunities of reaching an agreement between these two states as well as the impact of Poland's actions on the attitudes of the Lithuanian society by taking into consideration the effects of the Lithuanian and Polish relations onto the Lithuanian public opin ion in 1920-1923. Poland was considered to be a source of resistance against social reorganization (first of all, against the land reform). The culture, and, first of all, the language was deemed to be the basis of national identity, whilst further polo nisation of Lithuanians was seen as a major threat to it. The political might of Poland was considered to pose the greatest threat, which led the antagonism to be shifted into the political sphere. Due to the circumstances mentioned, and because of the conflict about Vilnius, an extreme animosity to wards Poland dominated in the Lithuanian society even before the occupation of Vilnius on Octo ber 9, 1920. The way used by Poland to occupy Vilnius - a march of a "rebellious" army right after signing of the armistice in Suvalkai on October 7, 1920, contributed to the establishment of "an insidious Pole" stereotype - a foxy enemy seeking to suppress the statehood of Lithuania by dirty means. The reaction of the League of Nations to the actions of Poland greatly undermined the trust in the West and reinforced sympathies for the Soviet Russia. These factors contributed to the fact that both the bilateral negotiations through mediation of the League of Nations and Hymans' projects brought about an adversarial reaction of the Lithuanian society. The tension was escalated by the rivalry among parties for the laurel of the greatest project opponent. The wave of resistance against Hymans' projects actually left the government of Lithuania with no alternative of action. After annexation of Vilnius by Poland and recognition of the eastern Polish borders by the Conference of Ambassadors, the Lithuanian society was convinced that it was not worth expecting a favour able solution of the issue with the help of the League of Nations. In time, a great part of the society and the majority of political parties got involved into the search for common enemies of Poland. There were no opportunities to successfully realize the factor of "Central Lithuania" and to attract Lithuania into federation or to induce it to establish close relations with Poland. The military-political campaign of Poland was based on an entirely erroneous understanding: the power position (due to the moods prevalent in Lithuania) was not effective for influencing Lithuania towards the desirable direction. The campaign and the development of mutual relations had brought about completely opposite results which not only pushed Lithuania into the camp of adversaries but also distanced it away from the West and approximated it towards the East.