Development Of Medical Knowledge Research Articles

Study on the connotation of traditional Chinese Daoist medicine culture

This study aims to explore the connotation of Daoist medicine culture and investigate its relationship with modern medicine. Exploring the connotation of Daoist medicine culture is beneficial for advocating a healthy lifestyle, improving people’s physical and mental health, promoting individual comprehensive development, and enhancing happiness. By drawing wisdom and experience from Daoist medicine, inheriting various medical methods such as herbal treatment, acupuncture, massage, and integrating the concept of integrated Chinese and Western medicine into modern medicine, not only can treatment effectiveness be improved, but also interdisciplinary communication and cooperation can be promoted, thus driving the innovation and development of medical knowledge.

The impact of breast surgeon information on women’s breast outcome: evidence from breast conserving therapy

Introduction: With the increase in life expectancy and the development of medical knowledge, the expectation that individuals will live a quality life till the very last days is becoming the norm. Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the issues associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification, comprehensive assessment and a management plan that considers, physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs. Despite this wholesome definition, the majority of palliative care interventions remain localized and siloed.
 Context: In 2019, the Ministry of Health in Ontario, Canada, announced the Ontario Health Teams (OHTs) as an innovative integrated care network model to deliver integrated person-centred care to Ontarians across their life trajectory (currently there are 54 teams covering 95% of the population). These teams utilize a population health management philosophy to integrate care in a person-centered manner. Integrating palliative care across care sectors and along the trajectory of the palliative care journey is a priority to many of these teams.
 Approach: In the Spring of 2022, Burlington OHT formed a working group to co-design an integrated palliative care model. This working group included patients, caregivers, palliative care physicians and nurses, primary care physicians and nurses, home and community care providers, hospice care providers, policy makers, researchers and evaluators. A participatory experience-based co-design approach was taken to identify the gaps, determine best practices, design a new care model, create an implementation plan, implement, evaluate and improve.
 The participatory experience-based co-design approach was guided by the 11-step methodology described by O'Cathain A, et al in 2019 when co-designing complex health interventions. We added some additional steps. The modified methodology included 1) planning the co-design process, 2) involving all stakeholders (including those who will implement, deliver, use and benefit from the intervention), 3) bring together a team and establish decision-making processes, 4) needs assessment via multiple engagement tools (surveys and virtual and in-person engagement sessions), 5) review published research evidence, 6) draw on existing theories/frameworks, 7) identify relevant change ideas, 8) articulate programme theory, 9) undertake primary data collection, 10) understand the local context, 11) pay attention to future implementation of the intervention in the real world, 12) design and refine the intervention and finally 13) implement and evaluate.
 The project is in its concluding stages and the final findings including the detailed integrated palliative care model description and the implementation plan will be available for the conference in May
 Implications for applicability/transferability: Designing integrated palliative care programs is a novice area of integrated care across the world. Describing the participatory experience-based co-design approach that we followed to plan our intervention has a great potential of guiding policymakers, planners, funders and implementers on how to plan and implement such interventions by facilitating a work together-plan together approach.

Working Together-Planning together. A participatory experience-based co-design approach to build an integrated palliative care model in Ontario, Canada.

Introduction: With the increase in life expectancy and the development of medical knowledge, the expectation that individuals will live a quality life till the very last days is becoming the norm. Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the issues associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification, comprehensive assessment and a management plan that considers, physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs. Despite this wholesome definition, the majority of palliative care interventions remain localized and siloed.
 Context: In 2019, the Ministry of Health in Ontario, Canada, announced the Ontario Health Teams (OHTs) as an innovative integrated care network model to deliver integrated person-centred care to Ontarians across their life trajectory (currently there are 54 teams covering 95% of the population). These teams utilize a population health management philosophy to integrate care in a person-centered manner. Integrating palliative care across care sectors and along the trajectory of the palliative care journey is a priority to many of these teams.
 Approach: In the Spring of 2022, Burlington OHT formed a working group to co-design an integrated palliative care model. This working group included patients, caregivers, palliative care physicians and nurses, primary care physicians and nurses, home and community care providers, hospice care providers, policy makers, researchers and evaluators. A participatory experience-based co-design approach was taken to identify the gaps, determine best practices, design a new care model, create an implementation plan, implement, evaluate and improve.
 The participatory experience-based co-design approach was guided by the 11-step methodology described by O'Cathain A, et al in 2019 when co-designing complex health interventions. We added some additional steps. The modified methodology included 1) planning the co-design process, 2) involving all stakeholders (including those who will implement, deliver, use and benefit from the intervention), 3) bring together a team and establish decision-making processes, 4) needs assessment via multiple engagement tools (surveys and virtual and in-person engagement sessions), 5) review published research evidence, 6) draw on existing theories/frameworks, 7) identify relevant change ideas, 8) articulate programme theory, 9) undertake primary data collection, 10) understand the local context, 11) pay attention to future implementation of the intervention in the real world, 12) design and refine the intervention and finally 13) implement and evaluate.
 The project is in its concluding stages and the final findings including the detailed integrated palliative care model description and the implementation plan will be available for the conference in May
 Implications for applicability/transferability: Designing integrated palliative care programs is a novice area of integrated care across the world. Describing the participatory experience-based co-design approach that we followed to plan our intervention has a great potential of guiding policymakers, planners, funders and implementers on how to plan and implement such interventions by facilitating a work together-plan together approach.

Isaaq Ibn Imran, A Physician of North Africa with a Look at His First Independent Work "Fi al-Mālikholiā" (Melancholy)

Medical knowledge has gone through many ups and downs in its historical background. The formation of medical schools existed in different areas of Islamic territory. The purpose of this research is to introduce the character of Isaaq Ibn Imran and the impact of his works on the evolution of medical knowledge in North Africa. The present paper was written with a descriptive-analytical approach and a library method. After collecting relevant information, historical sources were analyzed and classified. To get more information, many articles were read and a search was made in electronic databases. The knowledge and attitude of Muslim physicians were different according to the climatic characteristics. Social and political conditions were effective in the production of various works as well. Isaaq Ibn Imran (d. 892) was one of the physicians born in Baghdad, who played an important role in the expansion of medical knowledge and philosophy in North Africa. The results of the research indicate that Ibn Imran is considered sheikh al-Attiba and a specialist physician, a pioneer of the school of medicine and pharmacy in North Africa. From all the works and writings that have been remembered by him in the field of medicine, he can be mentioned as a specialist in mental diseases among Muslims. His most important writing is the treatise "Fi al-Mālikholiā" among the first works on the treatment of mental disorders and the description of its therapeutic drugs, which there was no history of writing such a book by Muslim physicians.

Oral microbiota in human health and disease: A perspective.

The evolution of medical knowledge about oral microbiota has increased awareness of its important role for the entire human body health. A wide range of microbial species colonizing the oral cavity interact both with each other and with their host through complex pathways. Usually, these interactions lead to a harmonious coexistence (i.e. eubiosis). However, several factors - including diet, poor oral hygiene, tobacco smoking, and certain medications, among others - can disrupt this weak homeostatic balance (i.e. dysbiosis) with potential implications on both oral (i.e. development of caries and periodontal disease) and systemic health. This article is thus aimed at providing an overview on the importance of oral microbiota in mediating several physiological and pathological conditions affecting human health. In this context, strategies based on oral hygiene and diet as well as the role of probiotics supplementation are discussed.

The anthropological and the consequential

The anthropological and the consequential

New technologies in airway management: A review

The evolution of medical knowledge and technological growth have contributed to the development of different techniques and devices for airway management. These appear to play a role in optimizing the number of attempts and overall success, ultimately reducing the negative consequences of airway manipulation. In this literature review, we highlight the recent evidence regarding new technologies applied to airway management. Before intubation, every patient should have an individualized structured airway management plan. Technology can help with both airway evaluation and tracheal intubation. Point-of-care cervical ultrasound and artificial intelligence models with automated facial analysis have been used to predict difficult airways. Various devices can be used in airway management. This includes a robotic video endoscope that guides intubation based on real image recognition, a laryngeal mask with a non-inflatable cuff that tries to reduce local complications, video laryngeal masks that are able to confirm the correct position and facilitate intubation, Viescope™, a videolaryngoscope developed for combat medicine with a unique circular blade, a system that uses cervical transillumination for glottis identification in difficult airways and Vivasight SL™ tracheal tube, which has a high-resolution camera at its tip guaranteeing visual assurance of tube position as well as guiding bronchial blocker position. To conclude, we detailed the challenges in airway management outside the operating room as well as described suction-assisted laryngoscopy and airway decontamination technique for contaminated airways. Further research in the clinical setting is recommended to better support the use of these technologies.

Histrica verview f surgica prcedures fr chric pacreatitis.

Chric pacreatitis accpaies the huaid fr a g tie Its treatet has evved fr the triaerrr ethd t the curret pursuit f evidecebased edicie With the devepet f edica wedge ad prgress i techgy the surgica perati graduay chaged Curret practices are ather step i the pyraid the fudatis f which were buit by ur curageus predecessrs.

A scientific methodology course for advanced medical students: an eight-year perspective

Background: Exponential increases in the development of medical knowledge, the expansion of areas where medicine develops its activities, the emergence of new pathologies (e.g., COVID-19), novel diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies, together with the appearance of multiple communication and information technologies, determined that the education of future physicians required targeted training in scientific methodology. Methods: The design and execution of a course in scientific methodology in the curriculum of Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, is described. The course is carried out at an advanced stage of the medical studies for all the students, in which they develop a 10-month research project supervised by the medical school faculty. Students undergo all stages of a research endeavor: generation of hypothesis or general aim, elaboration of a research protocol, submission to the Research Ethics and Animal Welfare Committees, data recollection, analysis, interpretation and publication of the results. Results: The course is undertaken at the Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, the main university of the country, with high numbers of students enrolled. The course involves the participation of 600 students and up to 300 professors per year, which implies a huge institutional effort. Conclusions: The scientific methodology course resulted in one of the most important incorporations of the current 2008 curriculum. Local students, faculty and international evaluators have qualified this activity as an educational breakthrough, being a gratifying and productive experience. The course represented the first exposure of medical students to the research methodology, scientific literature and publication rules, and emphasized the dynamic nature of medical knowledge within modern medical education. Moreover, for some students it constituted the onset of academic research careers. An additional positive outcome was the reactivation of some faculty research projects, in a way that largely exceeded the boundaries of the course.

A scientific methodology course for advanced medical students: an eight-year perspective

Background: Exponential increases in the development of medical knowledge, the expansion of areas where medicine develops its activities, the emergence of new pathologies ( e.g., COVID-19), novel diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies, together with the appearance of multiple communication and information technologies, determined that the education of future physicians required targeted training in scientific methodology. Methods: The design and execution of a course in scientific methodology in the curriculum of Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, is described. The course is carried out at an advanced stage of the medical studies for all the students, in which they develop a 10-month research project supervised by the medical school faculty. Students undergo all stages of a research endeavor: generation of hypothesis, elaboration of a research protocol, submission to the Research Ethics and Animal Welfare Committees, data recollection, analysis, interpretation and publication of the results. Results: The course is undertaken at the Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, the main university of the country, with high numbers of students enrolled. The course involves the participation of 600 students and up to 300 professors per year, which implies a huge institutional effort Conclusions: The scientific methodology course resulted in one of the most important incorporations of the current 2008 curriculum. Local students, faculty and international evaluators have qualified this activity as an educational breakthrough, being a gratifying and productive experience. The course represented the first exposure of medical students to the research methodology, scientific literature and publication rules, and emphasized the dynamic nature of medical knowledge within modern medical education. Moreover, for some students it constituted the onset of academic research careers. An additional positive outcome was the reactivation of some faculty research projects, in a way that largely exceeded the boundaries of the course.

COVID-19 and the Infodemic: An Overview of the Role and Impact of Social Media, the Evolution of Medical Knowledge, and Emerging Problems.

The infodemic is an important component of the cyber-risk in regard to the poor and uncontrolled dissemination of information related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to perform a narrative review based on three points of view to allow for an overall picture of this issue. The points of view focused on: (a) the volume of use of social media (a key element of the infodemic) and the position of international health domain bodies; (b) the evolution of scientific production in the life sciences; (c) emerging issues. The research methodology was based on Google and PubMed searches and a qualification process based on a standard checklist and an evaluation of eligibility based on parameters with five score levels applied by two experts (plus one in case of discrepancy). The three points of view stressed the key role of social media as a dissemination tool of the infodemic among citizens. The impact on citizens depends on various social factors and involves indirect (e.g., vaccine avoidance) and direct risks such as mental problems and the risk of suicide. The widespread diffusion of social media, conveyed by mobile technologies, also suggests their use as countermeasures, calibrated based on citizens’ level of both technological and health literacy. Effective and promising countermeasures in this direction are based both on initiatives of contact by apps or SMS and the collection of data based on surveys and finalized to the particular intervention. The review also suggests as further areas of in-depth research: (a) to combat high-level infodemic produced by scientific publications that are not yet official (preprint) or that have undergone peer review with bias/distortion; (b) focusing on the impact of the infodemic considering its spread in different languages.

Paradise of Wisdom

Antique traditional medical theories created by old medical doctrines and their historical background have been significantly mentioned today by medical historian scholars. Persia and India had many interactions in different perspectives, such as knowledge, religion, and traditions. One of the most considerable aspects of the relationship between Indians and Persians is the transmission of basic theories of their medical doctrines. As it is reported in many historical texts from the first ages of the Islamic era in Iran, a large number of medical texts were gathered from contiguous civilizations in Iran by order of the Abbasid Caliph. They were then translated into Arabic, Syriac, and Persian. So, Persian physicians and authors used them that way. One of the earlier physicians who reflected the viewpoints of Indian medicine in his famous medical textbook entitled "Paradise of Wisdom" is Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (3rd century A.H./9th century A.D.). Persian physicians in the Islamic golden age (8th to 16th A.D.) played an astonishing role in the development of medical knowledge in several aspects through physician innovations and expression and evaluation of different ideas about medicine. In this regard, some of the Indian medical theories were expressed by a famous Persian physician, Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari. Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari was a Persian physician of the 3rd century A.H./9th century A.D. He wrote the book Firdous al-Hikmah (or Paradise of Wisdom), the first encyclopedia of Islamic medicine in Iran. The book introduces and describes the basics and therapeutic procedures adopted in Indian medicine, along with procedures of Persian and Greek medical doctrines, by discussing the basic medical theories in these three doctrines. In this paper, we discuss the reflection of traditional Indian medicine as described in Firdous al-Hikmah and its influence on later medical texts.

Legal basis for the development of the Slovenian health system - from the enlightenment to the second world war

Throughout the history of medicine, patient-doctor relationships remained intimate and were based on the patient’s expectations, which were more or less limited by the expert knowledge of the physician. At first, the economic relationship between patient and doctor was based on a personal agreement; state regulations were only involved later. In Roman times the relationship was affected indirectly by the state, mostly by the adoption of the Act on Hygiene and partly by various socialeconomic regulations. However, in the early Middle Ages, the charitable activities undertaken by the monastic population, with their limited medical knowledge, proved to be a backward step in the development of the healthcare system. It was not until the development of medical knowledge at the emerging universities, especially during the Renaissance, that regulations reentered healthcare and the better education of physicians marked the new era. During the investigated period (from the Enlightenment to the Second World War), the state, as a third party, was completely integrated in the system. Furthermore, in addition to the existing health services, health insurance was established, which marked the beginning of a healthcare system. This formed a solid foundation for the development of modern medicine and the regulation of the so-called welfare state. This article discusses the basic healthcare legislation in Slovenia during four different development periods; the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austro- Hungarian Monarchy, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The development of the healthcare system during this sensitive era is clearly described; the changes in healthcare services are presented and healthcare insurance is analysed from a legal point of view. All of this led to the formation of the social healthcare policy, which signifies the existence of a modern state.
 The development of the health system in Slovenia was mainly influenced by two significant factors: firstly, by the reforms initiated by Empress Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II at the end of the 18th century and, secondly, by the establishment of insurance some one hundred years later.

Role of Jundi-Shapur in Streamlining of ILM-E-TIBB (Medicine)

People have always felt the need to seek the knowledge from time immemorial. Be it the knowledge of religion or science or philosophy or astronomy. The knowledge of medicine was confined to cultures till 4th century AD. Every subcontinent and every civilization was having its own traditions to treat the diseases, e.g. Ayurved in India, Egyptian traditional medicine in Egypt, Chinese traditional medicine in China, Iranian Traditional medicine in Iran etc etc.
 It was during the 5th century AD when Roman Empire cracked down on its seminaries and the intellectuals were forced to leave the country. Those intellectuals were given refuge by Persian Empire where in a city was established with ultimate autonomy under Khusro, Jundi-Shapur became a prosperous metropolis, refuge, and melting pot for intellectuals from many regions. Shapur II (309-379 A.D.) is credited for conceiving and establishing the nucleus of the university in the latter part of the fourth century. The closing of the Athenian school by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian (AD 539) also drove many leaned Greek physicians to Jundi-Shapur. This was the start of the integration of different traditional medicine of different civilizations. This formed the basis of what we see today as modern medicine. In this way JundiShapur has important role in the development of Medical knowledge and it remained in the leading role until 9th Century AD.

Гносеологічна категорія ознаки в англійській епізоотологічній термінології

The conceptual sphere of epizootology as a veterinary science is characterized by such epistemological categories as the categories of process and state, action, object, sign, space, time. One of the main categories for the terminology of all scientific fields is the category of trait. In conceptual and linguistic aspects, the category of trait in epizootology is one of the most complex epistemological categories. This is due to the variety of concepts of veterinary science, the number of manifestations of pathological processes, the evolution of medical knowledge, reflected in the semantics of terms, and the relative subjectivity of human thinking, able to create definitions of scientific concepts based on various analogies and personal associations. The purpose of the article is to determine the category of sign of epizootological terminology in English and to investigate their role in the classification of zoonotic diseases. Materials and methods of research. The source base of the work were the terms obtained by the method of continuous sampling from the texts of scientific literature in English (publications of scientific journals, materials of the Internet) and veterinary lexicographical sources. The main methods used in the study were systematization and categorical analysis of epizootological terms-zoonoses. Results of the research. The studied category is widely used in epizootological terminology, as it is one of the basic categories used to classify the concepts expressed by the terms zoonoses. In conceptual and linguistic aspects, the category of trait in epizootology is one of the most complex epistemological categories. This is due to the variety of concepts of veterinary science, the number of manifestations of pathological processes, the evolution of medical knowledge, reflected in the semantics of terms, and the relative subjectivity of human thinking, able to create definitions of scientific concepts based on various analogies and personal associations. The most striking category of the trait in epizootological terminology is represented in zoonoses, generalized names of natural focal infections, i.e. such infectious diseases that are usually common in animals, but can sometimes be transmitted from animals to humans. In epizootology, the category of the sign has a pragmatic significance, which is explained by the need for precise indication of specific signs of pathological processes. A number of epistemological category of sign are reflected in the studied terminology: temporal, spatial, color, causal, quantitative, etc. Dominant among the English terms were zoonoses, which have a temporal categorical feature, which indicates the specifics of the zoonotic disease, its duration, nature, age, and so on. The second categorical feature, which is often represented by the terms-zoonoses, is color, which plays an important role in establishing the diagnosis, stage of the disease and the degree of its spread. The causal categorical feature, according to which the English terms-zoonoses are structured, indicates a causal relationship. There are common terms in which the names of zoonotic diseases indicate the pathogenic microbes and viruses that caused the infectious disease. The spatial categorical feature, which is represented by zoonotic terms, is often represented by toponym terms. A less common categorical trait, which is represented by the terms zoonoses, is quantitative. Сonclusions. The studied category is widely used in epizootological terminology, as it is one of the basic categories used to classify the concepts expressed by the terms-zoonoses. We see the prospect of the study in identifying a set of language tools in English that are used in epizootological terminology to verbalize the category of trait.

Человек в условиях мировых пандемий: историко-психологический обзор

The article attempts to analyze the historical and psychological aspects of the world pandemics of the past and present. The authors provide a detailed overview of the world's pandemics and their impact on society and the individual. Historical and psychological reviews allow us to draw a parallel between the large-scale pandemics of the past and the present, which is especially relevant in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic that has engulfed humanity. A logical and reasonable periodization of global pandemics is suggested, and the authors give a detailed description of each stage. The first stage includes the pandemics of traditional and early industrial society that raged in the ancient world, the middle ages, and early modern times. The authors highlight such features as a high mortality rate, localization in certain regions and continents, the connection of the spread of diseases with the processes of population migration, crusades, and great geographical discoveries. The second stage includes the pandemics of the industrial era, which occur in the context of globalization, urbanization and increasing crowding of the population, but become less destructive. The authors associate the third stage with modern pandemics generated by the transition to a post-industrial (information) society. The authors note the reduction in mortality from pandemics, and at the same time mutations of viruses, which forces scientists around the world to constantly search for and develop new vaccines. Historical, cultural and psychological analysis of past pandemics allows us to understand better the psychological features of human life in the context of a new coronavirus infection. The authors reveal the role of technological progress in the fight against global pandemics, the role of virus mutations in the development of medical knowledge.

Medical research and their ethical nature

Annotation. The article examines the problem of medical researches, which is so relevant and necessary especially today, during the COVID-19 pandemic. It turns out that medical researches have an ethical nature, due to two interrelated aspects – the first aspect relates to professional medical practice, the second – to the patient's personality. Human medical research is based on the "rule of consent". This is necessary to protect the subject of medical research against various threats. The ethical implications of medical research stem from the need to comply with social requirements. The ratio of internal (professional) and external (public) control over medical research is both moral and social problems. Public control over medical research should be limited to such an extent as to leave room for the professional work of scientists. One aspect of this problem is related to the physical well-being of the subject of medical research: an adequate balance between risk and success is determined solely by the physician. The second aspect is related to the well-being of the person being studied as an individual and comes down to the question of who should determine this balance. Physicians attribute this right exclusively to themselves: only they can obtain the necessary information, without putting pressure on their patients. It is important to affirm the "principle of support" for medical research: the only one who can assess the human aspect of research is the subject himself. At first, the patient usually trusts his doctor, but later he must be able to decide how justified this trust was. The scientist-physician must realize that his future as a researcher depends not only on scientific but also moral qualities. On the other hand, fear of the sad consequences of the experiment should not be an obstacle to scientific progress. Important characteristics of the experiment are its reliability and validity. Therefore, medical experiments are an important tool for the development of medical knowledge about a person, about his health.

Sofia Parfanovych - a Woman Doctor, an Innovator of Medical Education in Ukraine: some actual issues

Abstract: The article analyzes the main milestones of the prominent Ukrainian doctor, public figure, writer of the early to mid-twentieth century Sofia Parfanovych. There are three main aspects of her historical heritage: scientific, educational and literary. New variants of topics of lectures and seminars for studying the history of Ukrainian medicine of the beginning of the XX century in the course of disciplines “History of medicine” and “Development of medical knowledge” are offered.

Effectiveness of Knowledge Acquisition in Medical Education: An argumentative literature review of the resources’s requirements

Background: The economic foundation and competitive advantage of medical organizations depend on their reliance on knowledge and its effective management. Management (KM) consists of interconnected processes developed for acquiring, organizing, transferring, applying, and reproducing knowledge. acquisition is a fundamental issue in educational organizations, especially in those responsible for medical education development. resources and users are two major factors affecting the acquisition of medical knowledge. Methods: Argumentative literature review is used in this study.The Search sources include PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The keywords for the search terms included Knowledge management and medical education, healthcare and medicine. Inclusion criteria were: English and Persian language papers, Original published papers, Medical-focused articles and Articles published in the last fifty years. Exclusion criteria were: Articles written in languages other than English and Persian, Articles not related to the medical sciences and Conference and non-original papers. The study questions focuses on three components: repositories, content and ICT, including: 1) What are the requirements of medical “knowledge repositories” for optimal knowledge acquisition?, 2) What are the requirements of medical “knowledge content” for optimal knowledge acquisition,? And 3) what are the” ICT” requirements for optimal knowledge acquisition?. Results: Argumentative review of literature describe and summarize the principles of knowledge acquisition in medical education, focusing on knowledge resources and its components including: repositories, content, and Information and Communication Technology. Conclusion: Considering the fundamental role of medical universities in the development of medical knowledge and practice on one hand, and the importance of innovative and knowledge-based activities on the other hand, these universities should constantly benefit from the findings of different areas of medical science in training medical students. The acquisition and management of modern medical knowledge and techniques can help medical professors and students examine curriculum contents with respect to modern technological developments and medical education approaches. These processes would also lead to constructive developments and changes in medical education.

The history of the development of simulation training of medical students

The history of medical simulation dates back many millennia and is inextricably linked with the development of medical knowledge, scientific and technological progress and military orders. Thus, the success of the chemical industry led to the emergence of plastic mannequins, the progress of computer technology determined the creation of virtual simulators and patient simulators. Purpose of the study. Describe the historical stages of the formation of simulation training of medical students. Research methodology. The article uses descriptive, bibliosemantic and historical-comparative methods. Discussion of the research results. The article reflects the history of the development of stimulation training in the world and, in particular, in Ukraine, the modern approach and the relevance of introducing simulation training in medical universities. The formation and structure of the educational and practical center for simulation training, its role in the assimilation of knowledge and skills in the training of medical specialists is shown. Conclusions. Simulation training allows you to increase the digestibility of educational material, the quality and effectiveness of the educational process, makes it possible not only to see and hear, but also to work on a mannequin, and helps to motivate students to learn