Гносеологічна категорія ознаки в англійській епізоотологічній термінології

Abstract

The conceptual sphere of epizootology as a veterinary science is characterized by such epistemological categories as the categories of process and state, action, object, sign, space, time. One of the main categories for the terminology of all scientific fields is the category of trait. In conceptual and linguistic aspects, the category of trait in epizootology is one of the most complex epistemological categories. This is due to the variety of concepts of veterinary science, the number of manifestations of pathological processes, the evolution of medical knowledge, reflected in the semantics of terms, and the relative subjectivity of human thinking, able to create definitions of scientific concepts based on various analogies and personal associations. The purpose of the article is to determine the category of sign of epizootological terminology in English and to investigate their role in the classification of zoonotic diseases. Materials and methods of research. The source base of the work were the terms obtained by the method of continuous sampling from the texts of scientific literature in English (publications of scientific journals, materials of the Internet) and veterinary lexicographical sources. The main methods used in the study were systematization and categorical analysis of epizootological terms-zoonoses. Results of the research. The studied category is widely used in epizootological terminology, as it is one of the basic categories used to classify the concepts expressed by the terms zoonoses. In conceptual and linguistic aspects, the category of trait in epizootology is one of the most complex epistemological categories. This is due to the variety of concepts of veterinary science, the number of manifestations of pathological processes, the evolution of medical knowledge, reflected in the semantics of terms, and the relative subjectivity of human thinking, able to create definitions of scientific concepts based on various analogies and personal associations. The most striking category of the trait in epizootological terminology is represented in zoonoses, generalized names of natural focal infections, i.e. such infectious diseases that are usually common in animals, but can sometimes be transmitted from animals to humans. In epizootology, the category of the sign has a pragmatic significance, which is explained by the need for precise indication of specific signs of pathological processes. A number of epistemological category of sign are reflected in the studied terminology: temporal, spatial, color, causal, quantitative, etc. Dominant among the English terms were zoonoses, which have a temporal categorical feature, which indicates the specifics of the zoonotic disease, its duration, nature, age, and so on. The second categorical feature, which is often represented by the terms-zoonoses, is color, which plays an important role in establishing the diagnosis, stage of the disease and the degree of its spread. The causal categorical feature, according to which the English terms-zoonoses are structured, indicates a causal relationship. There are common terms in which the names of zoonotic diseases indicate the pathogenic microbes and viruses that caused the infectious disease. The spatial categorical feature, which is represented by zoonotic terms, is often represented by toponym terms. A less common categorical trait, which is represented by the terms zoonoses, is quantitative. Сonclusions. The studied category is widely used in epizootological terminology, as it is one of the basic categories used to classify the concepts expressed by the terms-zoonoses. We see the prospect of the study in identifying a set of language tools in English that are used in epizootological terminology to verbalize the category of trait.