Development Of Management Mechanisms Research Articles

FEATURES OF EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS

In the study, the concepts of "effect", "efficiency" and "effectiveness" are defined and distinguished, possible directions and components of achieving results are defined. The essential characteristics of the concept of efficiency in the field of health care have been clarified. It is substantiated that the main priority directions of the analysis of the activity of a medical organization are the assessment of the level of achievement of medical, social and economic efficiency, the detailed content of these concepts. Indicators and criteria for the effectiveness of medical institutions, basic principles of economic efficiency evaluation, and their content have been formed. The main features of evaluating the effectiveness and development of the activity of a medical organization are highlighted. The need to increase the efficiency of management of health care facilities under modern conditions has been updated. A structural scheme for improving the efficiency and development management mechanisms of the medical organization was developed. The priority directions for improving the efficiency of health care facility management have been determined. It was established that the strategic activity of a medical institution can be presented in the form of four main perspectives: finances, personnel, patients, and internal processes. A structural diagram of the strategic activity of the medical institution within the framework of the system of balanced indicators has been developed.

Методологические основы государствен- ного управления социальным развитием территориальных социально-экономических систем

Introduction: social development management of territories is a significant area of state policy, which is reflected in the key strategic federal and regional documents. Objectives: the authors propose a methodological approach to understanding the essence of “social development management” in relation to territorial socio-economic systems (region, municipality). Methods: general scientific methods of cognition, analysis of legal acts, statistical analysis. Results: the authors proposed a methodology for studying the social development management of territories (subject and object of management, control action, feedback, resource provision and management goal). The article defines the threats and directions for improving the system of state social development management. Conclusions: Within the methodology, social development management goal is to ensure the population access to social services in accordance with the individual needs and demands of the population in a particular territory. From structural point of view, the object of social development management is the population itself as a consumer of social services and a subsystem for the provision of social services (social sphere). In terms of process component, the object of social development management is the balance between supply and demand of suppliers and consumers of social services. Regarding public authority, the management mechanism is expressed in social policy and its tools implemented at the strategic, tactical and operational levels of management. The authors determined that the general vector of the country’s social development should correlate with the main task of the country’s national security –“preserving the Russia’s nation and developing human potential”; the state should form the institutional environment for the labor market and the social sphere to adapt to digitalization; the social development management mechanism should be proactive; when implementing social policy, it is necessary to take into account the trend towards individualization; in the context of limited budgetary resources, it is necessary to attract investors and other sources of financing the social services market.

Оцінка забезпеченості сталого розвитку підприємства

The aim of the article is to define a system of indicators for assessing the provision of sustainable development of enterprise, strengths and weaknesses in the existing practice of its functioning in order to further form a development strategy. The article examines the issue of assessing the provision of sustainable development of enterprise, which is a key aspect of modern business management. Sustainable development of an enterprise encompasses economic, ecological and social aspects that must be harmoniously integrated to achieve long-term stability and competitiveness. The author analyzes various methodological approaches to assessing sustainable development, including such quantitative and qualitative indicators as sustainability indices, environmental and social reports. The aspects of assessing the effectiveness of the enterprise’s functioning through the system of assessment of the economic, social and ecological components of sustainable development are considered. Methods and instruments for sustainable development management have been developed, enabling identication of the sources, essence and directions of change to ensure sustainability. The definition of the category of «sustainable development management mechanism» has been clarified. It is determined that one of the important instruments is to conduct independent audits, which allow to assess the compliance of the enterprise’s activities with international standards of sustainable development, such as ISO 26000 (social responsibility) and ISO 14001 (environmental management). Such inspections help to identify obstacles and define areas and tools for improving the performance of the enterprise. Particular attention is paid to the role of strategic planning and resource management in the context of sustainable development, as well as the influence of external factors such as legislation and market conditions. As a result of the study, a system of indicators for assessing the sustainable development of enterprise has been proposed, including indicators of economic efficiency, environmental responsibility and social justice. Conclusions and proposals should be used in the work of managers and researchers interested in the implementation and improvement of sustainable development strategies in enterprises.

Economic aspects of innovative strategy of enterprise development in the conditions of macroeconomic instability

Methods. When conducting the study of the economic aspects of the innovative strategy of the enterprise development in conditions of macroeconomic instability, the method of scientific abstraction is used – in determining the theoretical and methodological approaches regarding the essence of the innovative type of development of production and economic systems; system approach - when using a methodical approach to the components of the innovative development management mechanism at the micro- and meso-levels. Results. The algorithm for the implementation of an innovative strategy for the development of production and economic systems at the micro- and macro-levels is defined, it is proposed to use V.E. Deming’s theory of quality improvement within the framework of the assessment of qualitative changes in development based on the innovative strategy and, based on a systemic approach, to conduct an assessment using a comprehensive indicator of innovative development; taking into account the concept of management to coordinate all phases of the mechanism of innovative development using the principles of the rule of five logistics. Novelty. The methodical approach to the assessment of the innovative development of production and economic systems at the micro- and macro-levels in the conditions of macroeconomic instability is proposed, the essence of which is reduced to the study of the algorithm for the implementation of an innovative strategy using V. E. Deming’s theory of quality improvement, which involves planning, implementation, verification and adjustment of plans; using a systematic approach to the study of the innovative model of the development of production and economic systems, it is proposed to take into account the logistic approach using quality indicators: demand, timeliness, satisfaction, deadlines, preservation, environmental friendliness, complexity, etc., and to calculate the assessment of innovative development based on a comprehensive indicator of quality improvement; within the framework of the concept of management, which includes four phases: planning, execution, control and adjustment, it is possible to coordinate all components of the mechanism of innovative development of the enterprise with the help of a whole complex of scientifically based principles. Practical value. Based on the results of the scientific research, the author proposes economic guidelines for managing the intellectual potential of an innovative enterprise, which will help to resolve the existing contradictions in the implementation of production and economic activities and will contribute to the development of innovative areas of work.

Urban Development Management on an Eco-Innovation Basis: Content and Mechanism

The concept of sustainable urban development emphasizes the importance of using innovative ap-proaches in solving environmental problems that manifest themselves in actropogenically altered ecosystems. Urban development management on such a basis includes the development and imple-mentation of innovative projects that are comprehensively focused on achieving long-term growth, improving the quality of life and protecting the environment. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to form a mechanism for managing urban development on an ecoinnovation basis, based on the application of a process approach and the formation of fundamentally new institutional structures. In this context, eco-innovation clusters can become key elements within the framework of the sustain-able urban development management mechanism.

THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC RISK TOLERANCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

The article proves that the creation of a mechanism for ensuring stability in the implementation of innovative strategies, according to the authors, should be based on the use of such a systemic characteristic of the enterprise as risk resistance, which depends on special disturbing influences caused by a high level of environmental instability and the specificity of cyclical innovation processes; in the context of enterprise or situation management, it characterizes the ability of the management apparatus to adequately respond to the threats of risk factors in view of internal vulnerabilities, using reserved resources for the purpose of normal business operations; creates for the enterprise conditions for purposeful functioning and implementation of innovative projects under the conditions of emergency situations. The definition of sustainable innovative development was given, a comparative analysis of the categories "economic risk" and "economic risk resistance" was carried out. The dual role of risk resistance in the enterprise management system consists in the fact that, on the one hand, risk resistance creates conditions for purposeful functioning and development, affects integral performance results, and on the other hand, it is determined by the complex of interactions of the enterprise with higher-level systems, internal and external factors that can become risk factors in conditions of an economic crisis and an unstable environment. It is proposed to consider the concept of risk tolerance as a system characteristic of the enterprise in the context of interrelationships between the categories of risk, sustainability and development. The role of economic risk tolerance in the system of managing the development of a manufacturing enterprise is determined. It is proved that the category "economic risk" is inextricably linked with the goals of the enterprise, linking the goals of activity and the economic resources used to achieve these goals (resource losses) of various types and actual results. It was determined that the development of the innovative development management mechanism is related to the determination of the parameters of the controlled system and the standardization of their levels. Of course, the main controlled parameter can be the level of risk tolerance, which indirectly characterizes the value of system negentropy. Therefore, the sustainability of the enterprise during the implementation of innovative strategies is related to maintaining the level of risk tolerance. Its value in relation to certain types of resources and potential components is the basis of managing the economic situation, as it affects the choice of managerial influences.

МЕХАНІЗМ УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ СИСТЕМИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

Digital transformation, which is aimed at increasing the share of the digital sector in the national economy, combined with the changes caused by the pandemic due to COVID-19 and large-scale military actions, provoked maximum instability in the functioning of all Ukrainian enterprises. Maintaining the viability of such a socio-economic system as an enterprise under such conditions is impossible without the development of the economic security system as the foundation of its existence. The purpose of the study was to form the basis and develop a management mechanism for the development of the enterprise's economic security system in the conditions of the digital transformation of the economy. For the development of the theoretical and methodological principles of ensuring the economic security of the enterprise, the following methods were applied: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization – in the study of the essential characteristics of the terms "mechanism for ensuring the economic security of the enterprise" and "development management mechanism"; synthesis and analysis – to determine the components of the mechanism for ensuring the economic security of the enterprise; morphological analysis – to develop a mechanism for the development of the enterprise's economic security system; graphic – for visual presentation of theoretical and methodical material; abstract-logical – for theoretical generalizations and research conclusions. It has been found that changes in the external and internal environment cause a decrease in the effectiveness of the use of existing tools for countering destabilizing factors, thereby stimulating the improvement of methodological principles for ensuring the economic security of the enterprise. A mechanism for ensuring the economic security of the enterprise has been developed, the difference of which from the existing ones is the structure in which a number of local mechanisms are allocated. One of these mechanisms was the mechanism for managing the development of the enterprise's economic security system. The need to build such a local mechanism is justified by the need for anticipatory changes in security activities for the further digital transformation of the enterprise in accordance with the trends in increasing the share of the digital sector of the national economy. It is substantiated that the application of the management mechanism for the development of the enterprise's economic security system is designed to create the necessary favorable conditions for the further digital transformation of the enterprise in order to preserve and improve its competitive position.

Digitalization of politics and biopolitics: The problem of coherence

Within the framework of this article, a consistent analysis of the main characteristics of modern biopolitical knowledge was made (general rationalization and transition from the individual level of control to the level of population’s control, and consequently, the development of the data policy strategy; the transition from biopower to the strategy of neuropower, the development of the biopolitics of emotions, etc.). Accordingly basic principles of the traditional bipolitical approach shift to inductive, i.e. hidden, control over human mind and behavior. Some basic trends in the digitalization of politics are also discussed in the article (the emergence of a dilemma between transparency and total control, control as a manipulation over the interpretation of events, the development of management mechanisms through the use and transformation of the daily canons, etc.). The development and implementation of modern digital technologies affects the psychology of individuals and transforms it through the modification of perception. The development of technologies to manage individuals' perceptions and needs is also an important trend in the digitalization of politics. In addition, specific principles of these two areas of political science researches’ implementation in the organization of urban space are explored (creation of a mentally supporting physical environment, the use of the so-called "Square of Nine" in urban architectural design, etc.). Urban architecture and space design can have both a positive impact on human psychology and emotions (promoting the release of neurochemicals responsible for happiness) and a negative one (provoking sensory deprivation that causes stress). The purpose of this article is to form a scientific understanding of various strategies of conduct, in particular neuropower and data politics, as well as specific ways to implement these strategies in the context of population management (for example, through the organization of planning and construction of urban architecture).

О. О. Ходирєва ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ПРОМИСЛОВОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА НА ОСНОВІ СИСТЕМНОГО ПІДХОДУ

Aim. The purpose of the article is to form a mechanism for managing the development of the enterprise on the basis of controlling in conditions of uncertainty. Method. To solve this scientific problem used: structural method; comparative analysis of empirical data; abstract-logical generalization. The provisions and conclusions presented in the work are the result of the analysis of theoretical and practical material of applied researches of domestic and foreign authors. Results. The need for constant adaptation to business conditions requires the company to continuously improve its performance. To manage the development of the enterprise in conditions of uncertainty, it is proposed to use a systematic approach. The article identifies the main elements of a systematic approach to enterprise development management. The article presents the component composition of the enterprise development management system, developed on the basis of a systems approach. The article highlights the basic principles of industrial development management and forms the goals of industrial development. Approaches to the formation of the development management mechanism have been developed. The essence of development management is aimed at attracting resources identified during the analysis of its potential. The proposed approach to the management of industrial enterprise development on the basis of controlling is to implement the proposal of controlling tools in the process of industrial enterprise development management in a scenario way and its ability to comprehensively assess the innovation process as a whole, increase management efficiency. The advantages of the presented author's technique are that it is universal in application, is based on the system and complex approach, allows to consider not only quantitative, but also qualitative indicators. The practical value of the research results. The use of the proposed developments in practice will allow the company to clearly define the goals, principles, components of development management and thus form an effective mechanism for development management in conditions of uncertainty.

МЕХАНІЗМ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ АВТОТРАНСПОРТНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article is devoted to the study of issues related to the formation and implementation of the mechanism for managing the economic development of the motor transport enterprise, which is based on the creation of motivational factors for structural changes and the use of innovative financial instruments. In the course of the study, a mechanism for managing the economic development of motor transport enterprises was developed, which includes the goal, expected results, performance criteria, functions, principles, tools, influencing factors, areas of reform and means of implementation, which are subject to the task of eliminating non-constructive obstacles that block the possibility of implementing development strategies in legal and transparent competitive conditions. The mechanism for managing the economic development of motor transport enterprises involves the coordination of management tools at the enterprise level with market trends and tools for forming a motivational environment through tariff, tax and investment policies. Its application will allow effective restructuring of the elements of the price of transport services and the formation of a resource base for production reproduction at motor transport enterprises and in the transport sector. Such innovative tools as financial engineering and public-private partnership are integrated into the economic development management mechanism, which are characterized by a combination of banking, budget-tax and hybrid financing tools for enterprise activities, aimed at the formation of targeted cash flows and the achievement of economic development goals. The result of the practical implementation of the proposed mechanism for managing the economic development of motor transport enterprises will be an increase in the quality and scope of the provision of transport services, a balance of internal and external resources, and a strengthening of the competitiveness of the industry market.

Економічна ризикостійкість як основа механізму управління інноваційним розвитком підприємства

The article proves that the creation of a mechanism for ensuring stability in the implementation of innovative strategies, according to the authors, should be based on the use of such a systemic characteristic of the enterprise as risk resistance, which depends on special disturbing influences caused by a high level of environmental instability and the specificity of cyclical innovation processes; in the context of enterprise or situation management, it characterizes the ability of the management apparatus to adequately respond to the threats of risk factors in view of internal vulnerabilities, using reserved resources for the purpose of normal business operations; creates for the enterprise conditions for purposeful functioning and implementation of innovative projects under the conditions of emergency situations. The definition of sustainable innovative development was given, a comparative analysis of the categories "economic risk" and "economic risk resistance" was carried out. The dual role of risk resistance in the enterprise management system consists in the fact that, on the one hand, risk resistance creates conditions for purposeful functioning and development, affects integral performance results, and on the other hand, it is determined by the complex of interactions of the enterprise with higher-level systems, internal and external factors that can become risk factors in conditions of an economic crisis and an unstable environment. It is proposed to consider the concept of risk tolerance as a system characteristic of the enterprise in the context of interrelationships between the categories of risk, sustainability and development. The role of economic risk tolerance in the system of managing the development of a manufacturing enterprise is determined. It is proved that the category "economic risk" is inextricably linked with the goals of the enterprise, linking the goals of activity and the economic resources used to achieve these goals (resource losses) of various types and actual results. It was determined that the development of the innovative development management mechanism is related to the determination of the parameters of the controlled system and the standardization of their levels. Of course, the main controlled parameter can be the level of risk tolerance, which indirectly characterizes the value of system negentropy. Therefore, the sustainability of the enterprise during the implementation of innovative strategies is related to maintaining the level of risk tolerance. Its value in relation to certain types of resources and potential components is the basis of managing the economic situation, as it affects the choice of managerial influences.

Features of the infocommunication infrastructure development management mecha-nism

In the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the total digitalization of socio-economic processes in society, research related to the development and justification of effective mechanisms for managing the innovative development of modern infocommunication infrastructure and ensuring a high level of efficiency of the practical application of infocommunication technologies (ICT) is relevant. The most important feature of the evolution of such infrastructure and the ICTs themselves is their significant correlation with the totality of processes carried out in the global and national economies. In fact, ICTs play the role of a catalyst for the above-mentioned global and local processes, predetermine the pace of scientific and technological progress. An analysis of the achievements of a number of economically developed countries over the past few decades indicates that the state of a single national economy and the dynamics of its processes directly depend on the pace of introduction of modern means of communication and telecommunications, computer networks, data centers and other innovations into all spheres.
 In connection with the above, a number of global problems and local tasks arise regarding not only the adequate determination of the necessary level of development of the infocommunication infrastructure, due to the formation of new socio-economic realities, and forecasting the likely consequences of intensive use of ICT tools in various fields of activity, but also the formation of mechanisms for managing innovative development. These mechanisms should be effective and efficient in achieving the relevant management objectives.
 The article pays attention to a number of aspects and features of the mechanism proposed by the authors for managing the development of the infocommunication infrastructure for the formation of the digital economy and the information society as a whole. This mechanism is based on the practical application of specific methodological tools that allow monitoring the status and potential of the infocommunication infrastructure through a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the introduction of ICT. The mechanism developed by the authors for managing the development of the infocommunication infrastructure will allow public authorities to specify the strategy and tactics of forming the foundations of the digital economy and the information society as a whole.

Development of management mechanisms and implementation of social responsibility of agricultural enterprises and corporations

The subject of the research is theoretical principles and practical proposals for improving the mechanisms of management and implementation of social responsibility (JI) at the level of agricultural enterprises, corporations (CSR) and other agribusiness and agribusiness entities in general. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the mechanisms of management and implementation of social responsibility of agricultural enterprises and corporations, taking into account current trends in informatization, innovation and competitive environment in practice. The methodological basis of the article is historical, monographic, system-structural analysis and synthesis, statistical-economic, problem-target. Results of work. The main results of the article are substantiation of theoretical aspects and development of practical proposals for improving the mechanisms of management and implementation of social responsibility (JI) at the level of agricultural enterprises, corporations (CSR) and other agribusiness and agricultural entities in general. It is determined that they mark a combination of interrelated components – institutional, organizational, financial and economic, incentives and motivation, which can be distinguished in separate systems quite conditionally. At the same time, social responsibility should undoubtedly be present as a constant factor in agricultural management as a kind of gratitude to business for economic benefits in the form of solving social and environmental problems. Therefore, the mechanisms of its implementation and management should be aimed at the end result: not only increasing the volume of JI, but also improving the reputation of agricultural enterprises, strengthening the image and on this basis – profitability. Therefore, the use of social responsibility mechanisms should be based on a business process approach. It is also necessary to take into account the increased role in the implementation of social responsibility and its management of information and informatization and digitization of activities. They contribute not only to its programming and effective management, but also to control over financial and other resources. Field of application of results. In educational institutions of higher education, in personnel management of agricultural enterprises, corporations. Conclusions. The structure of the integrated mechanism contains general information on the formation of social responsibility of economic entities. It has the form of interconnected blocks, the basis of which is based on the business process concept of management and business decisions aimed at developing and selecting the best possible alternative solutions to a particular problem. The proposed approach allows to develop an enlarged model that can be detailed, identifying the main stages of implementation of the mechanism of formation of social responsibility in the enterprises of agricultural and agro-industrial production in the future.

Energy Supply System Development Management Mechanisms from the Standpoint of Efficient Use of Energy Resources

The paper discusses the problem of improving the mechanisms for managing the development of electricity and heat supply systems in regions with the aim of increasing the efficiency of energy resources use in the context of liberalization of economic relations in the energy sector. On the basis of the considered methods and the compiled system of management efficiency criteria, the structural and functional decomposition of the energy complex development management system at the territorial level was carried out. The mismatch of the power system control system was revealed, caused by the complication of the control system and the composition of the decision-makers. Improved models for managing the development of electricity and heat supply systems in the country’s regions are proposed, allowing to take into account modern trends in the expansion of the use of market mechanisms for managing territorial energy and to ensure a balance of interests of management entities at various organizational levels. For their implementation, organizational mechanisms have been developed that describe the interaction of territorial government bodies and territorial generating companies in the implementation of investment programs. The proposed mechanisms for managing territorial energy allow in market conditions to fully use the production potential and incentives for the development of territorial generating companies, which creates conditions for reducing management costs and implementing the goals of state energy policy.

Stimulation of entrepreneurs' innovative activity: evidence from Kazakhstan

In recent years, Kazakhstan’s innovation policy has enjoyed a noticeable rally: ways to support innovation are being actively discussed, a suitable “toolbox” is developing, the susceptibility of decision-makers to the mechanisms for encouraging innovation is increasing. Nevertheless, effective levers of influence on business, in which innovation activity could manifest locally, have not been found yet. Although this does not change the overall economic situation. Following on from the results of a survey of various level business managers and factor analysis performed prior, the authors study the influence of incentive mechanisms on entity activities and their “inquiry” on the public policy content. The authors come to the conclusion that most of the tools to stimulate innovation entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan are currently aimed at successful market players, creating conditions for technological modernization of existing industries, and at improving the level of entrepreneurs’ business and technological competencies. According to a study conducted in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to increase the participation of universities, research institutes, local executive and legislative authorities in the development of management mechanisms and the promotion of innovation entrepreneurship.

Управление инвестиционным развитием региона: проектный подход

Цель : работа посвящена системному исследованию управления инвестиционным развитием региона на основе применения проектного подхода, обоснованию механизма управления инвестиционным развитием региона. Обсуждение : региональный инвестиционный процесс с учетом разнородности субъектов РФ. Систематизация факторов, влияющих на региональную инвестиционную среду. Механизм управления инвестиционным развитием региона. Ре зультаты : в статье обоснована точка зрения авторов на систему управления инвестиционным развитием региональной экономики и факторов, влияющих на региональную инвестиционную среду. Проведен анализ базовых подходов к управлению инвестиционным развитием региона. Предложен механизм управления инвестиционным развитием региона на основе проектного подхода. Исследованы ключевые функции проектного офиса и его роль в проектном менеджменте на региональном уровне.

Economic efficiency of innovative activity in oil-gas complex

The paper reveals the concepts and presents the specifications such as the introduction and innovations. The issues of strategy and management of innovative activity are reviewed. The major tasks for providing the steady development of innovative activity in near future are marked. The key points on the reinforcement of the relationships between the science, education, production and the development of management mechanisms for innovative activity are highlighted as well. A special attention is paid to the application of innovative methods in oil production. The paper provides the calculation of economic efficiency in the oil producing enterprises due to the introduction of innovative methods in oil-gas fields’ development. The role of the development, research and embedding of nanotechnologies in oil-gas industry of Azerbaijan and some other countries is shown. The key tasks for the oil production increase and cost decrease are defined.

GOVERNANCE AND REGULATION AS AN INDISPENSABLE CONDITION FOR DEVELOPING THE POTENTIAL OF RURAL AREAS

The subject of the study is the rural territories and settlements of the country, which are influenced by the conflicting processes of reforming the economic basis of their development, which increases the uncertainty and causes the emergence of social risks in terms of organization of economic activity and obtaining the required level of labor income and, accordingly, the level and quality of life. The current transformational changes in rural areas, amid the processes of decentralization of the current management system, create new conditions that are more or less conducive to the successful organization of rural residents' livelihoods. The urgent task of today is to study the practical problem of the effective development of rural territories, the insufficiency of its development and the complex tasks of revitalization of rural territories of their resource potential in the context of intra-regional features of rural development, which is the basis for carrying out scientific research in accordance with these topics. The purpose of the study is to explore ways to solve problems of regional development, especially rural development, which has never been neglected by economic science, since sustainable development of the country and its regions is impossible without the social revival of the village. Also, a comprehensive theoretical and practical study of issues of management and state regulation of rural development, in particular, the substantiation of socio-economic and environmental problems of the development of the Ukrainian village, the isolation of rural areas, the formation of organizational and economic mechanism of state support for their development and implementation of modern state agricultural policy. Methodology. The problematic of the development of the potential of rural territories is based on the use of multifaceted scientific methods of knowledge of phenomena and processes. Application of statistical methodology in the process of analyzing the dynamics and tendencies of rural development, the effective functioning of agriculture, which is the basis for the study of problems of rural development in general. Economic and statistical research is based on specific techniques, their totality forms the methodology of statistics (methods of mass observations, groupings, generalizations, time series, index method, etc.). Results. In the conditions of formation of market relations in rural areas, especially in the period of economic instability in the country, the study of preconditions for ensuring balanced potential of rural development on the basis of internally oriented motivational factors, justification of priority types of economic activity of rural territories of the region with observance of ecological requirements becomes extremely relevant. One of the main areas to reform the regional development management mechanism is the development of local initiative. The practical implementation is to use the method of delegation of authority as one way of establishing the competence of local public authorities, which is an important part of the decentralization of the executive power, and is of great importance for all processes of the rule of law and, in particular, for improving the efficiency of the local government system. public authority. The Institute of Delegation of Authority in the current context is important for the functioning of public authority in rural areas. In addition, the introduction of a programmatic targeting method in the budgetary process of rural development will help to ensure transparency of the budgetary process, which will clearly define the goals and objectives for which the budgetary resources of the region are spent, which in turn will increase the level of control over the results of implementation of budgetary programs. This approach will improve the quality of fiscal policy-making, the efficiency of distribution and the use of budgetary resources in rural areas. Value/originality. State policy in Ukraine on regulating the potential of land relations should be aimed at solving the organizational and legal problems that have accumulated in recent years and to address the social negatives of land transformation in the countryside.

Analysis of Obstacles to Sustainable Development of Ecotourism in Nature Reserves: A Field Investigation of Three National Nature Reserves in Liaoning Province

Nature reserves are key sites for ecotourism. In the context of sustainable development, a great number of ecotourism practices have been carried out in nature reserves around the world. Important ecotourism practices in nature reserves include the establishment of ecotourism certification systems, the development of management mechanisms promoting effective community participation and the development of standards for ecotourism practices. This paper uses questionnaires, a field investigation and interviews to examine the obstacles influencing the sustainable development of ecotourism in nature reserves, taking three nature reserves in Liaoning Province to serve as examples. The study found that there are two kinds of obstacles to the sustainable development of ecotourism in nature reserves. The first group of obstacles all represent common problems in China including: (1) environmental education is ignored; (2) community participation occurs on an ad hoc basis; (3) tourism management is not rigorous; (4) nature reserve administration is in a state of confrontation with local governments and residents. The second group of obstacles consists of specific problems faced by ecotourism in the three nature reserve, each of which has its own natural, social, cultural and economic environment that generate unique difficulties for ecotourism. In order to promote the healthy improvement of nature reserve ecotourism and achieve the goal of sustainable development, the research team puts forward five suggestions, developing correct understanding, striving to meet the reasonable demands of stakeholders, establishing scientific mechanisms, increasing the social responsibility of management departments of nature reserve ecotourism, and providing separate supervision and management.

Analysis and Assessment of the Prospects for the Implementation of the Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of Russia

The article considers the prospects for the implementation of the Scientific and Technological Development Strategy of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the major challenges set in the Strategy are a consequence of Russia’s technological lag behind the level of industrialized countries in terms of the complexity of development problems during the period of building a market economy. The technological lag can be overcome by reforming the scientific and technological sphere and improving the development management mechanisms. It is noted that a number of provisions of the Strategy require clarification due to the May Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.